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Файл:Are you ready for an emergency. Практикум для СПО
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Ex. 3. Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the words from the
table. Learn the text by heart.
muster station, every month, visibility, safety aspects, prominent,
muster list, safety, emergency, life jacket, lives, respond, carried out
The Chief Officer trains the crew on ____. The crew must be always
ready to ____ in case of ____. Fire drills and boat drills must be carried
out ____. Drills must be as real as _____allows. Drills must be ____ under
the best conditions of ____. Everyone in the life boat must wear ___. You
can see your duties in case of emergency in ____. Muster list should be
posted in ____ places. When you hear general emergency signal you
proceed to _____. The priority task of the crew is to save the ____ of the
passengers and the crew members.
Ex. 4. Look at the table and speak about different ways of letting
other ships know that you are in distress and require other vessel’s
assistance.
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Ex. 5. Review questions.
1. Who is responsible for training on safety aspects on board?
2. How often must the drills be carried out?
3. In what manner should the drills be carried out?
4. What do we call the assembly place for the crew in case
of emergency?
5. What is necessary to take with you while proceeding to Muster
Station?
6. What shouldn’t be taken with in case of emergency?
7. Where can every crew member see the alarm signals and duties?
8. How much time is a new crew member given for familiarization
with emergency equipment and procedures on the ship?
9. Where are muster lists usually posted?
10. What are your actions if you hear the general emergency alarm
signal?
11. Why shouldn’t you jump into water when you hear 7 short and
1 prolonged blasts?
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IV. SAFETY EQUIPMENT
All vessels must carry the safety equipment according to their class
and area of operation. There are different types of safety equipment on
board a vessel. They include: PPE (personal protective equipment), LSA
(life-saving appliances) and FFE (fire fighting equipment).
PPE include safety guard, safety gloves, overall, safety shoes, goggles.
They should be used while working on board to protect you from injuries.
LSA can be divided into 2 groups: personal LSA and collective LSA.
Personal LSA are life-jackets, immersion suits, thermal protective aids and
life buoys. Life buoys are made of cork and foamed plastic. They may be
supplied with lines, lights and smoke signals. Smoked buoys are located
on the bridge wings. They help to indicate the position of a man
overboard. Life-jackets and immersion suits are located in the cabins and
in places where watches are kept. Life-jackets and immersion suits must be
provided for every crew member. Collective LSA include life rafts, life
boats and rescue boats.
FFE are fire extinguishers, fire hoses, breathing apparatus, fire
alarm, fire pump, fire fighting system, fire bucket, fire blanket and
fireman’s outfit which consists of protective suit, hard hat, sprinkler,
flashlight, life line and others.
In a real situation you will know in advance what you must bring
with you. All the information is contained in your personal notice board in
your cabin.
Ex. 1. Fill in the table with the words given below.
safety guard, hard hat, life raft, fire bucket, overall, life boat, goggles,
life-jacket, protective suit, immersion suit, thermal protective aid, life
buoy, rescue boat, fire extinguishers, fire hoses, breathing apparatus, safety
gloves, fire alarm, fire pump, fire fighting system, fire blanket, safety
shoes, sprinkler, flashlight, life line.
PPE
FFE
Personal LSA
Collective LSA
24
Ex. 2. Match the terms with the pictures.
25
Ex. 3. Read and translate SOLAS requirements for personal LSA
on board.
LIFEJACKETS (As per LSA Code — Chapter II “Personal
Life-Saving Appliances-§ 2.2 “Lifejackets”)
2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFEJACKETS
Lifejackets are designed to provide full support for a person in the
water, even if that person is unable to help himself / herself and is heavily
clothed. Without a lifejacket even good swimmers will have difficulty
staying afloat in cold water, because of the disabling effects of cold shock
and cramps. Lifejackets are made of buoyant or inflatable material used to
keep the human body afloat in the water. There are two (2) types of lifejackets:
non-Inflatable life-jackets, which are fitted with buoyant materials
and they don’t need to inflate;
inflatable life jackets, which need inflation for buoyancy and are
automatically inflated when immersed in water.
An adult life jacket shall be so constructed that:
it supports in the water a fully clothed person. (In-water
performance shall be evaluated by comparison with a RTD — Reference
Test Device — as per recommendations of the Organization);
it allows the person wearing it to swim a short distance and board
a survival craft;
at least 75 % of persons who are completely unfamiliar with the
lifejacket, can correctly don it within a period of one (1) minute without
assistance, guidance or demonstration;
after demonstration, ALL persons can correctly don it within
a period of one (1) minute without assistance;
it is clearly capable of being worn in only one way or inside out,
and, if donned incorrectly, it is not injurious to the wearer;
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the method of securing the lifejacket to the wearer has quick and
positive means of closure that do not require tying of knots. It will be
provided with a crotch strap in order to maintain it in the correct position;
it is comfortable to wear;
it allows the wearer to jump into the water from a height of at least
4.5 meters while holding on to the lifejacket, and from a height of at least
one (1) meter with arms held overhead, without injury and without
dislodging or damaging the lifejacket or its attachments.
IMMERSION SUITS & ANTI-EXPOSURE SUITS
(As per LSA Code — Chapter II, § 2.3 “Immersion Suits”
& 2.4 “Anti-Exposure Suits”)
Immersion suits and Anti-Exposure suits are constructed of highly
visible waterproof materials, fitted with retro-reflective tape and are designed
to keep the wearer dry, when in the water. They will incorporate seals at the
neck or face to prevent the ingress of the water. The wrists and legs will also
have seals or will terminate in integral gloves and foot coverings.
The Immersion Suits may either be made from an insulated material
(to reduce the rate at which the body heat is lost) or uninsulated depending
on the area of operation of ship and the demands of the Regulatory
Authority. Immersion suits that meet the requirements for lifejackets with
respect to flotation, righting moments, and attachments may also be
considered as a lifejacket. Normally however, if it is necessary to wear
a lifejacket over the immersion suit, care being taken that the two
are compatible.
Anti-exposure Suits are similar to Immersion Suits, but there are
a few differences. They must provide at least 70 NEWTON of buoyancy
and be made of material that reduces the risk of heat stress during rescue
and evacuation operations. Anti-exposure suits are provided with
a lifejacket light and whistle and must be able to turn a person in the water
from face-down to face-up in not more than five (5) seconds.
27
THERMAL PROTECTIVE AIDS (TPA)
(As per LSA Code — Chapter II “Personal Life-Saving
Appliances — § 2.5 “Thermal Protective Aid”)
Thermal Protective Aid (TPA) is a body-warming garment
of waterproof material, although it is NOT an in-water garment. It is made
of waterproof material having a thermal conductance of not more than
7 800 W (m2k), and is so constructed that, when used to enclose a person,
it shall reduce both the convective and evaporative heat loss from
the wearer’s body. The Thermal Protective Aid must:
cover the whole body of persons of all sizes, wearing a lifejacket,
(except the face). Hands shall also be covered unless permanently attached
gloves are provided. TPA’s without arms or legs have the appearance of
a “sack” which encases the whole person;
be capable of being unpacked and easily donned without assistance
in a Survival Craft or Rescue Boat;
permit the wearer to remove it in the water in not more than two
(2) minutes, if it impairs the ability to swim;
the Thermal Protective Aid shall function properly throughout
an air temperature range of –30 °C to +20 °C.
28
V. LIFEBOATS AND LIFE RAFTS
There are wooden, steel, aluminum and glass-fiber reinforced plastic
lifeboats. Rescue boats may also be made of rubber.
Closed lifeboats are the most popular lifeboats that are used on ships,
for they are enclosed which protects the crew from sea water, strong wind
and rough weather. Closed lifeboats are further classified as — partially
enclosed and totally enclosed.
They may be free-fall and davit-launched type. Originally lifeboats
had falls that were used to lower the lifeboat into the water. Now most
of them are launched with the help of special mechanical device called
davit. Free fall lifeboat is aerodynamic in nature and can penetrate the
water without damaging its body. Totally enclosed free fall lifeboats are
self-righting if all openings closed watertight. The free fall life boat
is located at the aft of the ship, which provides a maximum clear area for
free fall. All persons inside it must be belted before launch. The release
painter is released automatically from inside. So there is no need to have
a person on board for launching.
Partially enclosed lifeboats are also used, particularly on passenger
vessels. They are not suitable for free-fall launching.
An open lifeboat doesn’t help much in rain or bad weather and the
possibility of water ingress is the highest. Open lifeboats are mostly used
as rescue boats. They have either inboard or an outboard motor. They must
be capable of holding at least five persons seated and one person lying
down.
Cargo — and passenger vessels as well as fishing ships are equipped
with life rafts. They may be davit launched and free fall type. Life rafts are
automatically inflatable. All life rafts are so installed that they can be
launched quickly, securely and safely — if possible by one man — even
with list of 20 degrees, over the high side. Every inflatable life raft afloat
can withstand any weather condition at sea for 30 days, it is operable over
the temperature from –30 to +66 degrees, it can be thrown into the water
29
in its container. The inflatable life raft has a canopy of a clearly visible
colour, a light at the top, inside and outside. For connection it to the ship
there is a release painter line, which is cut with a knife.
According to the requirements of SOLAS Convention every crew
member must participate in abandon ship drills at least once a month.
Lifeboats must be launched and maneuvered in the water at least every
three months for every crew. During lifeboat drills every crewmember has
to carry out certain actions. These actions are described in Muster List and
on special notice boards in the cabins. The lifeboat drill includes three
stages:
- lowering a lifeboat;
- operating a lifeboat;
- taking it back.
Ex. 1. Say in English.
1. сделан из cтекловолокна
2. защитить от бурной погоды
3. саморегулирующаяся шлюпка
4. пристегнуться ремнем
5. частично закрытая шлюпка
6. полностью закрытая шлюпка
7. спускаемая при помощи шлюпбалки
8. аэродинамическая по характеру
9. проникать в воду
10. возможность поступления воды
11. надувной плот
12. устанавливать
13. быстро и безопасно спустить на воду
14. выдерживать любые погодные условия
15. навес легко различимого цвета
16. обрезать ножом спускной фалинь
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Ex. 2. Match parts of the sentences.
1
Totally enclosed lifeboat can
return to
a
can be launched by 1 person
2
Enclosed lifeboat
b
at least 6 persons
3
All persons inside
c
straight position after launch
4
Partially enclosed lifeboats
d
cut with a knife
5
Open life boats
e
any weather condition for 30 days
6
A special mechanical device
for launching
f
must fasten their seat belts before
launch
7
The capacity of a rescue boat is
g
aerodynamic by their nature
8
An inflatable liferaft
h
may be used as rescue boats
9
A liferaft is thrown into the
water
i
of clearly visible colour
10
A liferaft can withstand
j
are not suitable for free launching
11
A liferaft is connected to the
ship
k
an inboard or outboard motor
12
A painter is
l
is called davit
13
Rescue boats
m
in its container
14
A life raft has a canopy
n
by a release painter line
15
Free fall life boats are
o
saves the crew from heavy weather
16
Rescue boats have
p
may be made of rubber
Ex. 3. Correct the statements.
1. Rescue boats are never made of rubber.
2. All persons inside a free fall lifeboat must be belted after launch.
3. Partially closed lifeboats are suitable for free launching.
4. Open lifeboats are rarely used as rescue boats.
5. Rescue boats are not self-propelled.
6. A free fall life raft can be launched easily from the low side.
7. A life raft is connected to the ship with a cable.
8. The life raft painter is released automatically.
9. The least capacity of a rescue boat is 10 persons.
10. Life rafts are painted white.
11. Lifeboats must be launched and maneuvered at least once
a month.
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