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Файл:Are you ready for an emergency. Практикум для СПО
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11
II. TYPES OF ALARMS ON SHIPS
Understanding the various ship alarms is critical for crew members to
respond effectively during emergencies. Each alarm has a specific purpose
and set of actions associated with it. Familiarity with these alarms allows
crew members to react swiftly and efficiently.
General emergency alarm. The general emergency alarm on
a ship is a universally recognized signal that signifies an immediate
danger. In accordance with the International Convention for the Safety of
Life at Sea (SOLAS) the general emergency alarm signal is 7 short blasts
followed by 1 prolonged blast. This signal is given up to 4 times and is
accompanied by a public address announcement. Once activated, every
member of the crew must follow muster list instructions and proceed to
designated muster stations, prepared to take necessary actions.
Fire alarm. In the event of a fire detected on the ship, crew members
are responsible for raising the alarm by pressing the nearest fire button or
loudly shouting “FIRE FIRE FIRE.” The ship’s fire alarm signal includes
continuous ringing of the electrical bell or the ship’s horn. Crew members
must proceed to fire stations, confirm the fire’s location, and perform
duties as per muster list. At the same time, it is necessary to start the fire
pumps, get fire hoses and close the fireproof doors (according to the duties
prescribed in the Muster List).
“Abandon ship” alarm. When a situation onboard goes out of
hands, and the ship is no longer safe, the abandon ship alarm is sounded. It
is sounded by 7 short and 1 long blast on a whistle or horn (as in the case
of a general alarm) and the captain's command to leave the ship. Persons
leaving the ship are required to carry hermetically sealed documents, be
prepared for the cold and have a life jacket available.
“Man overboard” alarm. For situations where a person falls
overboard, the man overboard alarm is activated. This alarm includes three
long rings of the internal alarm bell and three long blasts of the ship’s
whistle. Additionally, ships in the vicinity are alerted using the whistle
blasts. A man overboard signal equipped with light and smoke can also be
12
thrown into the water to attract attention. When the “Man overboard”
alarm sounds, you must immediately throw lifebuoys into the sea, suspend
the movement and post an observer.
Navigational alarm. Navigation equipment failures are critical on
a ship, and navigational alarms help address them properly. These alarms
are activated when equipment malfunctions, and they provide specific
details about the affected equipment and the problem. Crew members must
assess the situation and take correct actions.
Machinery Space Alarm on the Ship. The ship’s engine room has
various machinery. Alarms in this space are activated when machinery
malfunctions, displaying the problem on the control room alarm panel.
Crew members respond by locating the fault and fixing it.
Machinery Space CO2 Alarm on the Ships. In the engine room, a CO2
fixed fire extinguishing system is installed. The audible and visual CO2 alarm
is distinct from other ship alarms, signifying the activation of the firefighting
system. The alarm activates upon opening the CO2 release cabinet door.
Ship Security Alarm System on the Ships. As per SOLAS
regulations, ships are equipped with a ship security alert system (SSAS) to
alert coastal authorities in case of a pirate attack. Unlike other alarms, the
SSAS does not sound onboard; instead, it notifies relevant authorities via
a satellite system.
The cancellation of the alarm is announced by voice over the ship's
cable broadcast. A training alert is announced only by order of the captain
for crew training and is accompanied by the word “training”, which
is announced on the ship's cable broadcast. It is also reported on its
duration and rules of conduct during the drills.
Ex. 1. Say in English.
1. эффективно отвечать
2. набор действий
3. знакомство с тревогами
4. обозначает непосредственную угрозу
13
5. объявление по громкой связи
6. назначенное место сбора
7. подтвердить место пожара
8. запустить пожарные насосы
9. закрыть противопожарные двери
10. согласно расписанию по тревогам
11. выйти из-под контроля
12. герметично запечатанный
13. суда поблизости
14. привлечь внимание
15. немедленно бросить спасательный круг в море
16. выставить наблюдателя
17. критически важный
18. предоставить полную информацию о проблеме
19. оценить ситуацию
20. приостановить движение
21. обнаружить неисправность и исправить ее
22. визуальная и звуковая тревога
23. оповестить береговые власти
24. в отличие от других тревог
25. система судовой охранной сигнализации
26. отмена тревоги
27. правила поведения
Ex. 2. Match the words with similar meaning.
1
critical
a
to mean
2
to respond
b
to be in charge of
3
to signify
c
to comprise
4
blast
d
task
5
to proceed
e
important
6
to be responsible for
f
to stop
7
to raise the alarm
g
correct
8
to include
h
trouble
14
9
to perform
i
to answer
10
to abandon
j
sound signal
11
to suspend
k
to show
12
to assess
l
to alert
13
malfunction
m
shore
14
distinct
n
failure
15
coastal
o
order
16
right
p
to evaluate
17
purpose
q
to leave
18
command
r
to carry out
19
to display
s
to go
20
problem
t
different
Ex. 3. Match the verbs with the objects to make collocations.
1
to respond
a
fire button
2
to take
b
duties
3
to follow
c
fire hoses
4
to press
d
effectively
5
to perform
e
out of hands
6
to start
f
coastal Authorities
7
to get
g
necessary actions
8
to close
h
a life buoy
9
to go
i
Muster Station
10
to shout
j
instructions
11
to ring
k
the situation
12
to sound
l
fireproof doors
13
to asses
m
the movement
14
to fall
n
the ship
15
to abandon
o
attention
16
to throw
p
electrical bell
17
to proceed to
q
the alarm
18
to post
r
overboard
19
to attract
s
loudly
20
to suspend
t
fire pumps
21
to notify
u
an observer
15
Ex. 4. Rearrange the words to make up sentences.
1. alarm specific each set of its actions has.
2. alarm understanding is critical signals every seafarer for.
3. emergency general the alarm an ship immediate threat means for the.
4. member proceed crew must the designated station muster every.
5. fire the alarm continuous ship’s ringing includes of the bell.
6. is necessary to fire start fire it pumps and get hoses.
7. must sea immediately you throw a life into the buoy.
8. members assess actions crew the situation must and take correct.
9. SSAS does board the not sound on.
10. the alarm is by announced the cancellation of voice.
Ex. 5. Match parts of the sentences.
1
The drills are announced by the
Master’s order and associated with
a
general emergency alarm signal
and verbal order of the Master.
2
Fire alarm is additionally
accompanied by
b
that a man has fallen overboard.
3
Abandon ship alarm is recognized
by
c
inform the other ships in the
vicinity.
4
The end of alarm
d
continuous ringing of a ship’s bell.
5
The general emergency alarm signal is
e
the word “training”.
6
3 long signals mean
f
on the control room alarm panel.
7
Radio transmission informs
g
about the location of fire.
8
3 long blasts on the ship’s whistle
h
the ship’s movement must be
suspended.
9
When a man has fallen overboard
i
must grab hermetically sealed
documents and wear their lifejackets.
10
According to SOLAS ships are
equipped with
j
about the malfunction and
equipment out of order.
11
Machinery space alarms show the
problem
k
7 short blasts followed by 1
prolonged blast.
12
Navigational alarm provides specific
details
l
SSAS to notify authorities about a
pirate attack.
13
Persons abandoning the vessel
m
is announced by the ship’s
broadcast.
16
III. DRILLS AND MUSTERS
The Master and the Chief Officer are responsible for training of crew
members on safety aspects. The crew must be always ready to respond in
case of emergency. According to international rules and standards fire
drills and boat (abandon ship) drills must be carried out every month. But
if 25 % or more of the crew members have been changed in the port, the
drills must be carried out within 24 hours upon putting to sea.
In vessels of less than four crew members it remains the Master’s
responsibility to ensure that the crew members are adequately trained and
practiced in the emergency procedures.
Drills and training must be as real as safety allows. Boat drills should
be carried out under the best possible conditions of visibility, in still water.
If it is possible, drills should take place when the ship is loaded to her
deepest draught. It reduces the danger from propeller. Everyone in the boat
wears an immersion suit or life-jacket. VHF communication is established
between the bridge and the person in charge of the drill.
Every drill should be planned carefully. Everyone should be familiar
with his functions. When a new crew member boards the vessel, he must
be familiarized with location of all life saving appliances on board and his
duties and actions in emergency
situations during 24 hours upon
arrival on the ship. Information
about alarm signals as well as
duties of crew members in case
of emergencies is contained in
the muster list. Muster list
should be displayed in prominent
areas of the vessel so that every
crew member on board can read
it on a go. Some of the important
areas where the muster list is
posted are Bridge, engine room,
accommodation alleyways.
17
Muster Lists (SOLAS Regulation 37)
A Muster List should be prepared BEFORE a ship proceeds to sea
and should be maintained throughout the voyage. If any change takes place
in Crew composition, Equipment or Procedures, which necessitates an
alteration, the Muster list must be amended accordingly.
The Muster List should provide clear instructions to be followed in
the event of an emergency, and should be displayed in conspicuous places
throughout the ship, including
navigating bridge;
engine control room;
crew accommodation.
Contents of Muster Lists
The Muster Lists should include the following information:
details of the general alarm signal and actions to be taken by crew
and passengers when this alarm is sounded;
how the order to abandon ship will be given;
other emergency signals and actions to be taken by the crew on
hearing such signals;
location of Muster Station;
duties assigned to various members of the crew including:
- closing of watertight doors, fire doors, valves, skylights, portholes
and other similar openings;
- equipping survival craft and other LSA;
- preparation and launching of survival craft;
- general preparation of other LSA;
- mustering of passengers (if any);
- use of communication equipment. Designated channel of
communication for fire fighting parties;
- special duties assigned in the use of FFE and installations;
18
- duties of the crew in relation to passengers, including duties in
respect of warning the passengers;
- who is responsible for ensuring that the LSA and FFE are
maintained in good condition and are ready for immediate use;
- who will be the substitutes for key personnel, should they become
disable.
The emergency assembly point
for passengers and crew is called the
muster station. On most ships muster
stations are appointed on boat decks so
that lifeboats or life rafts can be easily
boarded. In the event of an emergency
signal all persons on board must go to
the muster station as quickly as possible, taking their life jackets with
them. In an emergency it is inappropriate to take your luggage, but if warm
clothing is easy to hand then take it too.
Muster Stations (SOLAS Regulation 11)
Muster Stations shall be provided close to the Embarkation Stations.
Each Muster Station shall have sufficient clear deck space to accommodate
all persons assigned to muster at that station, but at least 0.35 m2 per
person. Muster and embarkation stations shall be readily accessible from
accommodation and work areas. Muster and embarkation stations shall be
adequately illuminated by lighting supplied from the emergency source of
electrical power. Alleyways, stairways and exits, giving access to the
muster and embarkation stations shall be lighted, and free of obstructions.
Such lighting shall be capable of being supplied by the emergency source
of electrical power. In addition to and as part of the markings required,
routes to Muster Stations shall be indicated with the Muster Station
Symbol, intended for that purpose. Davit-launched and free-fall launched
survival craft muster and embarkation stations shall be so arranged as to
enable stretcher cases to be placed in survival craft. An embarkation
19
ladder, extending, in a single length, from the deck to the waterline in the
lightest seagoing condition under all conditions of trim of up to 10° and a
list of up to 20° either way, shall be provided at each embarkation station
or at every two (2) adjacent embarkation stations for survival craft
launched down the side of the ship. Where necessary, means shall be
provided for bringing the davit-launched survival craft against the ship's
side and holding them alongside so that persons can be safely embarked.
When an alarm is sounded on a ship, the priority task of the crew is
to carry out all necessary actions to save the lives of passengers and the
crew themselves, and after that the ship and the cargo on it. The actions of
the crew must be as coordinated as possible, therefore it is necessary not
only to comply with the prescribed regulations, but also to have a good
command of the terminology of ship alarms in English in order to correctly
assess the situation and be correctly understood by the team members.
Do not jump overboard if you hear seven short and one prolonged
blast on the horn. A ship in an emergency that is not actually sinking may
be a safer place to be than in the ocean.
Ex. 1. Say in English.
1. вопросы безопасности
2. быть готовым к ответным действиям
3. по выходу в море
4. штиль
5. установить связь по УКВ
6. иметь спасательное оборудование
7. район плавания
8. как можно скорее
9. не следует брать с собой багаж
10. теплая одежда
11. легко унести
12. подняться на борт судна
13. ознакомиться с расположением спасательных средств
20
14. по прибытию на судно
15. выставлен в заметных местах
16. прочесть на ходу
17. коридоры жилых помещений
18. приоритетная задача
19. выполнить все необходимые действия
20. соблюдать предписанные правила
21. хорошо владеть терминологией
22. правильно оценить ситуацию
23. в случае аварии
24. в соответствии с международными правилами
25. покинуть судно
26. обеспечить соответствующую подготовку экипажа
27. насколько позволяет безопасность
Ex. 2. Fill in prepositions where necessary.
1. Every vessel must be equipped … LSA according … her class.
2. … the event … emergency every crew member must proceed ...
Muster Station.
3. Don’t forget to take your life jacket … you.
4. Yesterday I took part … abandon ship drills.
5. You must familiarize … location … LSA … 24 hours … arrival.
6. I can read Muster List … a go because it is posted in prominent
places.
7. The crew must carry … actions to save passengers.
8. It is necessary to comply… prescribed regulations.
9. Every seaman must have a good command … terminology ... English.
10. I hear 7 short and 1 prolonged blast … the ship’s horn.
11. The Chief Officer trains the crew … safety aspects.
12. The drills must be carried… … 24 hours … putting … sea if
25 % of the crew have changed in the port.
13. The crew must be adequately trained … emergency procedures.
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