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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_6034_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
C
ONTENTS / xi
61 Imaging in the Evaluation of Lumbar and Lumbosacral Spondylolysis and
Spondylolisthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Stephen L.Gabriel Rothman and Leon L. Wiltse
62 Evaluation and Management of the Athlete with “Pars Fracture” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Robert Watkins III and Robert G. Watkins IV
63 Indications for Surgery in Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis in Adults and
Surgery for Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Dahari D. Brooks and Bruce E. Fredrickson
64 Surgery for High-Grade Spondylolisthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
Marek Szpalski and Robert Gunzburg
65 High-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Slip Reduction versus in situ Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
William C. Lauerman and Steven C. Scherping
Deformity (Lumbo/Lumbosacral) Adult
66 Adult Scoliosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
Yizhar Floman
67 Adult Scoliosis: Indications for Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
James A. Antinnes and Serena S. Hu
68 The Surgical Treatment of Sagittal Plane Deformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
Thomas J. Errico, Orin Atlas, and Juan Carlos Rodriguez Olaverri
69 Spinopelvic Fixation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
Joseph Y. Margulies and William O. Shaffer
70 Paget Disease of the Spine and Its Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Alexander G. Hadjipavlou, Ioannis N. Gaitanis, Pavlos G. Katonis,
Michael N. Tzermiadianos, and George M. Tsoukas
Osteopenia
71 Osteopenia: Basic Science, Magnitude of the Problem, Classification,
Clinical Presentation, and Medical Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Charles W. Cha and Scott D. Boden
72 Surgical Options and Indications: Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Christopher M. Bono, Christopher P. Kauffman, and Steven R. Garfin
73 Osteopenia: Vertebrectomy and Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Manabu Ito and Kiyoshi Kaneda
Inflammatory Arthridities
74 Inflammator y Spondyloar thropathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
Philippe Goupille and David Borenstein
75 Psoriatic Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
Philippe Goupille and David Borenstein
Ankylosing Spondylitis
76 Ankylosing Spondylitis: Nonoperative Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712
Federico Balagué and Jean Dudler
77 Ankylosing Spondylitis: Operative Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
Edward H. Simmons, Edward D. Simmons, and Yinggang Zheng
xii /CONTENTS
Infection
78 Pyogenic and Fungal Lumbar Spine Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739
Matthew J. Geck and Frank J. Eismont
79 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
S. Rajasekaran
80 Postoperative Lumbar Spine Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
Eric C. Chamberlin and Edward N. Hanley, Jr.
Tumor
81 Primar y Spine Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775
Edward D. Simmons and Yinggang Zheng
82 Metastatic Spine Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
Stanley D. Gertzbein
83 Lumbar Spine Tumors: Posterior Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
K. Anthony Kim, Babak Kateb, Peter Dyck, and Srinath Samudrala
84 Anterior Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
Mark A. Knaub, Douglas S. Won and Harry N. Herkowitz
85 Combined Anterior-Posterior Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824
Osamu Shirado, Naoki Takeda, Akio Minami, and Kiyoshi Kaneda
86 Prognosis and Results of Surgery for Primary and Metastatic Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . 833
Jonathan N. Grauer and Alan S. Hilibrand
Failed Surgery/Revision Surgery
87 Deter mining Reasons for Failed Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
Christopher S. Raffo and Sam W. Wiesel
88 Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: Nonoperative Interventional Management Options 848
Richard Derby and Connor W. O’Neill
89 Psychological Approaches to the Management of Failed Surgery and
Revision Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859
Robert J. Gatchel and Chris J. Main
90 Surgical Treatment of Symptomatic Recurrent Disc Herniation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867
Ragnar Johnsson
91 Management of Failed Lumbar Surgery: Recurrent Stenosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
Jayesh M. Trivedi and Stephen Eisenstein
92 Failed Surgery and Revision Surgery: Failed Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
Frank M. Phillips
93 Management of Failed Surgery: Adjacent Segment to Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884
Thomas S. Whitecloud III and Paul Pagano
94 Lumbar Pseudoar throsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890
S. Govender
95 Management of Failed Surgery: Posttraumatic Spinal Deformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897
Jeff S. Silber and Alexander R. Vaccaro
96 Treatment of the Failed Back Patient: Spinal Cord Stimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905
Donna D. Ohnmeiss and Ralph F. Rashbaum
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
Contributing Authors
Todd J. Albert, M.D.
Professor and Vice Chairman
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Thomas Jefferson University Medical College
and The Rothman Institute
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Howard S. An, M.D.
The Morton International Professor
Director of Spine Surgery
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois
Gunnar B.J.Andersson, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor and Chairman
Senior Vice President, Medical Affairs
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois
James A.Antinnes, M.D.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Hattiesburg Clinic Spine Center
Hattiesburg, Mississippi
Josef C.Assheuer, M.D.
Institute f. Kernspintomographie
Koln, Germany
Orin Atlas, M.D .
Spine Surgeon
Department of Orthopaedics
Virtua Memorial Hospital
Mt. Holly, New Jersey
Federico Balagué, M.D.
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
New York University School of Medicine
New Y or k, New Y ork
Médecin-chef Adjoint
Department of Rheumatology, Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation
Cantonal Hospital
Fribourg, Switzerland
Michele C. Battié, Ph.D.
Professor and Canada Research Chair
Department of Physical Therapy
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Canada
Gordon R. Bell, M.D.
Vice-Chairman
Cleveland Clinic Spine Institute
Vice-Chairman
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio
Tom Bendix, M.D., Dr.Med.Sci.
Professor
Institute of Sports and Biomechanics
University of Southern Denmark
Odense, Denmark
Bach Research Center
Fyen Hospital Ringe
University of Southern Denmark
Ringe, Denmark
Ashok Biyani, M.D.
Spine Fellow
Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois
xiii
xiv /CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
Scott L. Blumenthal, M.D.
Texas Back Institute
Musculoskeletal Research Foundation
Texas Health Research Institute
Plano, Texas
Scott D. Boden, M.D.
Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Director
The Emory Spine Center
Emory University School of Medicine
Decatur, Georgia
Christopher M. Bono, M.D.
Chief of Spine Surgery
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
David Borenstein, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.R.
Clinical Professor of Medicine
Arthritis and Rheumatism Associates
The George Washington University Medical
Center
Washington, D.C.
Gianluca Cinotti, M.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
University La Sapienza
Rome, Italy
Scott D. Daffner, M.D.
Resident
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Rick Delamarter, M.D.
The Spine Institute at Saint John’s Health
Center
Santa Monica, California
Richard Derby, M.D.
Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Medical Director
Spinal Diagnostic and Treatment Center
Daly City, California
Dahari D. Brooks, M.D.
State University of New York Health Science
Center
Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, New Yor k
Charles W. Cha, M.D.
Clinical Instructor
The Emory Spine Center
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Eric C. Chamberlin, M.D.
Pittsburgh Bone and Joint Surgeons
McKeesport, Pennsylvania
Kenneth M.C. Cheung, M.D., F.R.C.S.,
F.H.K.C.O.S., F.H.K.A.M.(Orth.)
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
The University of Hong Kong
Honorary Consultant and Deputy Chief
Division of Spine Surgery
Queen Mary Hospital and The Duchess of Kent
Children’s Hospital
Hong Kong, China
Richard A. Deyo, M.D., M.P .H.
Professor
Departments of Medicine and Health Services
University of W ashington
Staff Physician
Department of Medicine
University of Washington Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
Jean Dudler, M.D.
Maître d’Enseignement et de Recherche
Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine
Université de Lausanne
Médecin-associé
Servie de Rhumatologie
Médecine Physique et Rééducation
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
Lausanne, Switzerland
Jiri Dvorak, M.D.
Professor
Department of Neurology
University of Zurich
Chief
Department of Neurology, Spine Unit
Schulthess Clinic
Zurich, Switzerland
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS / xv
Anthony P. Dwyer, M.D.
Professor
Department of Orthopaedics
University of Colorado Health Science Center
Co-Director
Spine Service
Denver Health Medical Center
Denver, Colorado
Peter Dyck, M.D., F.A.C.S.
Clinical Professor
Department of Neurological Surgery
University of Southern California
Keck School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California
N. Ebraheim, M.D.
Spine Research Center
University of Toledo and Medical College
of Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
Stephen Eisenstein, Ph.D., F.R.C.S.
Director
Centre for Spinal Studies
The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic
Hospital
Oswestry, Shropshire
United Kingdom
Frank J. Eismont, M.D.
Vice-Chairman
University of Miami Department of Orthopedics
and Rehabilitation
University of Miami School of Medicine
Miami, Florida
Thomas J. Errico, M.D.
New York University Medical Center
New Y or k, New Y ork
Jeremy Fairbank, M.D., F.R.C.S.
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre
Senior Clinical Lecturer
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Oxford, United Kingdom
Peter J. Fazey, M.D.
Centre for Musculoskeletal Studies
School of Surgery and Pathology
The University of Western Australia
Royal Perth Hospital
Perth, W estern A ustr alia
Yizhar Floman, M.D.
Professor (Emeritus)
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School
Jerusalem, Israel
Director
Israel Spine Center
Assuta Hospital
Tel Aviv, Israel
Robert D. Fraser, M.D.
Bruce E. Fredrickson, M.D.
Professor
Department of Orthopedic and Neurologic
Surgery
Upstate Medical University Hospital
Syracuse, New Yor k
Brian J.C. Freeman, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O.,
F.R.C.S. (Tr & Orth)
Clinical Tutor
Department of Orthopaedic and
Accident Surgery
University of Nottingham
Queens Medical Centre
Consultant Spinal Surgery
The Centre for Spinal Surgery
University Hospital
Queens Medical Centre
Nottingham, United Kingdom
Ioannis N. Gaitanis, M.D.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery-
Traumatology
University of Crete at Heraklion
Crete, Greece
Steven R. Garfin, M.D.
Professor and Chair
Department of Orthopaedics
University of California at San Diego
San Diego, California
Robert J. Gatchel, M.D., Ph.D.
Elizabeth H. Penn Professor
Department of Clinical Psychology
Professor
Department of Psychiatry
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center at Dallas
Dallas, T exas
xvi /CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
Matthew J. Geck, M.D.
Spine Surgeon
Brain and Spine Center
Brackenridge Hospital
Texas Scoliosis and Spine, P.A.
Austin, Texas
Stanley D. Gertzbein, M.D., F.R.C.S.(C)
Clinical Professor
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Baylor College of Medicine
Active Staff Constultant
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Saint Joseph Hospital
Houston, T exas
Lars G. Gilber tson, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Wolfgang Gilliar, D.O., F.A.A.P.M.R.,
O.M.M.
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Functional Restoration
Stanford University School of Medicine
Palo Alto, California
Vijay K. Goel, Ph.D.
Professor and Chair
Department of Bioengineering
University of Toledo
Professor and Co-Director
Department of Orthopedics
Medical College of Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
John N. Graber, M.D., F.A.C.S.
Clinical Instructor
Department of Surgery
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Jonathan N. Grauer, M.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopaedics and
Rehabilitation
Yale University School of Medicine
Yale New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut
Charles G. Greenough, M.D., M.Chir.,
F.R.C.S.
Professor
University of Durham
Durham, United Kingdom
Clinical Director
Spinal Injuries Centre
The James Cook University Hospital
Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
Dieter Grob, M.D.
Professor
Department of Orthopedics
University of Zurich
Chief
Department of Orthopedics,
Spine Unit
Schulthess Hospital
Zurich, Switzerland
Philippe Goupille, M.D.
Professor
Department of Rheumatology
François Rabelais University
Department of Rheumatology
Trousseau Hospital
Tours, France
Shunmugam Govender, M.D., M.M.B.S.,
F.R.C.S.
Professor and Head
Department of Orthopaedics
University of Natal
Director
Department of Spinal Services
King George V Hospital
Durban, Natal
Mats Grönblad, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Division of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Helsinki
Chief
Division of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University Central Hospital
Helsinki, Finland
Robert Gunzburg, M.D., Ph.D.
Senior Consultant
Department of Orthopedics
Centenary Clinic
Antwerp, Belgium
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS / xvii
Richard D. Guyer, M.D.
Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Univeristy of Texas Southwestern Medical
School
Dallas, T exas
Director
Texas Back Institute Spine Fellowship
Texas Back Institute
Plano, Texas
Holger Haak, M.D.
Orthopaedic University Hospital
Duesseldorf, Germany
Alexander G. Hadjipavlou, M.D.
Professor and Chairman
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Traumatology
University of Crete Medical School
Crete, Greece
Yong Hai, M.D.
Professor and Chairman
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Spinal Surgery Center
306 Hospital
Beijing, China
Scott Haldeman, D.C., M.D., Ph.D.
Clinical Professor
Department of Neurology
University of California at Irvine
Irvine, California
Adjunct Professor
Department of Epidemiology
University of California at Los Angeles
School of Public Health
Los Angeles, California
David J. Hall, M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.S.
Clinical Lecturer
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma
University of Adelaide
Senior Visiting Medical Specialist,
Spinal Unit
Royal Adelaide Hospital
Adelaide, South Australia
Edward N. Hanley, Jr., M.D.
Chair
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Carolinas Medical Center
Charlotte, North Carolina
Kambiz Hannani, M.D.
Kenneth B. Heithoff, M.D.
Center for Diagnostic Imaging
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Joerg Herdmann, M.D.
Neurosurgical University Hospital
Duesseldorf, Germany
Harry N. Herkowitz, M.D.
Chairman
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
William Beaumont Hospital
Royal Oak, Michigan
Arto Herno, M.D., Ph.D.
Senior Consultant
Department of Physical and Rehabilitation
Medicine
Kuopio University Hospital
Kuopio, Finland
Alan S. Hilibrand, M.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Jefferson Medical College
The Rothman Institute
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Sten H. Holm, Ph.D.
Professor and Chief
Department of Surgery
Sahlgrenska University Hospital
Göteborg, Sweden
Serena Shaw Hu, M.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California at San Francisco
Staff Surgeon
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Moffitt-Long Hospitals, UCSF
San Francisco, California
Aage Indahl, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Oslo
Kysthospitalet ved Stavern
Stavern, Norway
xviii /CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
Hirokazu Ishihara, M.D., Ph.D.
Senior Lecturer
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University
Toyama, Japan
Manabu Ito, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Hokkaido University Graduate School of
Medicine
Chief
Spine Section
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Hokkaido University Hospital
Sapporo, Japan
Ragnar Johnsson, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopedics
Consultant, Spine Unit
Lund University Hospital
Lund, Sweden
Bo Jönsson, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Orthopaedics
Lund University Hospital
Helsingborg Hospital
Helsingborg, Sweden
Allison M. Kaigle Holm, Ph.D.
Senior Research Engineer
Department of Orthopaedics
Sahlgrenska University Hospital
Göteborg, Sweden
Masahiko Kanamori, M.D., Ph.D.
Lecturer and Chief
Department of Orthopedics
Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University
Toyama, Japan
Babek Kateb, M.D.
P. Katonis, M.D.
Assistant Professor and Lecturer
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery-
Traumatology
University of Crete at Heraklion
Crete, Greece
Christopher P. Kauffman, M.D.
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Division of Spine Surgery
University of California at San Diego
San Diego, California
Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical
University
Toyama, Japan
Mamoru Kawakami, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Wakayama Medical University
Wakayama, Japan
Tony S. Keller, Ph.D.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory
The University of Vermont
Burlington, Vermont
K.Anthony Kim, M.D.
Shinichi Kikuchi, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Fukushima Medical University
Fukushima City, Japan
Kiyoshi Kaneda, M.D.
Professor Emeritus
Hokkaido University
Director General
Bibai Rosai Hospital
Bibai, Japan
James D. Kang, M.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Mark A. Knaub, M.D.
Fellow, Spinal Surgery
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
William Beaumont Hospital
Royal Oak, Michigan
Kenneth J. Kopacz, M.D.
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Orthopaedics
New Jersey Medical School
Newark, New Jersey
Attending
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
St. Barnabas Medical Center
Livingston, New Jersey
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS / xix
Victor Kosmopoulos, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Engineering
The College of New Jersey
Ewing, New Jersey
Juergen Kraemer, M.D.
Orthopaedic University Hospital
Bochum, Germany
Robert Krämer, Dr. Med.
Associate Doctor
Cirugia Ortopedica y
Traumatologia
Centro Medico T eknon
Co-Chief
Cirugia de la Columna
Consultorios Marquesa
Barcelona, Spain
Hiroshi Kuroki, M.D., D.M.Sc.
Instructor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Faculty of Medicine
University of Miyazaki
Miyazaki, Japan
Christian Lattermann, M.D.
Resident
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Simon Macklin, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.A.
Senior Staff Specialist
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
Royal Adelaide Hospital
Adelaide, South Australia
Marianne L. Magnusson, Dr.Med.Sc.
Liberty Worksafe Research Centre
Department of Environmental and
Occupational Medicine
University of Aberdeen
Aberdeen, Scotland
Chris J. Main, M.D.
University of Manchester
School of Epidemiology
Manchester, United Kingdom
Joseph Y . Margulies, M.D., Ph.D.
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Maurice E. Mueller Institute
Berne, Switzerland
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery
Albert Einstein College of
Medicine
New Y or k, New Y ork
William S. Marras, Ph.D., C.P.E.
Biodynamics Laboratory
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
William C. Lauerman, M.D.
Professor and Chief
Division of Spine Surgery
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Georgetown University Hospital
Washington, DC
Casey K. Lee, M.D.
Clinical Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
New Jersey Medical School
Newark, New Jersey
Attending Surgeon
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
St. Barnabas Medical Center
Livingston, New Jersey
John C.Y. Leong, O.B.E., F.R.C.S.,
F.R.C.S.E., F.R.A.C.S., F.H.K.A.M.
(Orth), J.P.
Chair, Professor, and Head
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
The University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hisao Matsui, M.D., Ph.D.
Chief
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Takaoka City Hospital
Takaoka, T o yama, Japan
H. Michael Mayer, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Head, and Medical
Director
Spine Center Munich
Orthozentrum Meunchen
Meunchen, Germany
Geoffrey M. McCullen, M.D.
Spine Surgeon
Department of Orthopedics
Neurological and Spinal Surgery, LLC
Lincoln, Nebraska
Dennis P. McGowan, M.Sc ., M.D.
Staff Surgeon
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Good Samaritan Hospital
Kearney, Nebraska
xx /CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
Anis O. Mekhail, M.D., M.S.
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Spine Surgeon
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Palos Community Hospital
Palos Heights, Illinois
Akio Minami, M.D.
Professor and Chairman
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Hokkaido University Graduate School of
Medicine
Sapporo, Japan
Robert J. Moore, Ph.D., B.App.Sc.,
M.App.Sc.
Affiliate Senior Lecturer
Department of Pathology
The University of Adelaide
Head
The Adelaide Centre for Spinal
Research
Institute of Medical and Veterinary
Science
Adelaide, South Australia
Mohamed Mostafa Mossaad, M.D.,
M.S.C., M.D., Orth.
Professor
Spine Unit, Department of
Orthopaedics
Faculty of Medicine
Zagazig University
Chief
Spine Unit, Department of
Orthopaedics
Zagazig University Hospital
Zagazig, Egypt
Robert R. Myers, Ph.D.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pathology
(Neuropathology)
University of California at San Diego
VA Healthcare System
San Diego, California
Alf L. Nachemson, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus
Department of Orthopaedics and Surgical
Sciences
Göteborg University
Sahlgrenska Hospital
Göteborg, Sweden
Hiroaki Nakamura, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Osaka City University Medical School
Subchief
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Osaka City University Hospital
Osaka, Japan
Margareta Nordin, Dr.Sci., P.T., C.I.E.
Research Professor and Director
Program of Ergonomics and Biomechanics
Departments of Orthopaedics and
Environmental Medicine
New York University School of Medicine
Director
Occupational and Industrial Orthopaedic
Center (OIOC)
Hospital for Joint Diseases
Mount Sinai-NYU Health Center
New Y or k, New Y ork
Donna D. Ohnmeiss, Dr.Med.
Director of Research
Texas Back Institute Research Foundation
Plano, Texas
Juan Carlos Rodriguez Olaverri,
M.D., Ph.D.
Attending Spine Section
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet
Zaragoza, Spain
Kjell Olmarker, M.D.
Department of Orthopaedics
Sahlgren Hospital
Gothenburg, Sweden
Conor O’Neill, M.D.
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Radiology
University of California at San Francisco
Private Practice
San Francisco Spine Diagnostics
San Francisco, California
Orso L. Osti, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.A.C.S.,
F.A.Ortho.A.
Head
Spinal Service
The Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Woodville, South Australia
Clinical Senior Lecturer
Adelaide University
North Adelaide, South Australia