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Essentials of
Pediatric Urology
ALGRAWANY
Essentials of
Pediatric Urology
Third Edition
Edited by
Duncan T Wilcox, MBBS, MD
Surgeon-in-Chief
e Ponzio Family Chair for the Surgeon-in-Chief
Professor, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Colorado, USA
David F M omas, FRCP, FRCPCH, FRCS
Emeritus Consultant Paediatric Urologist
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Professor of Paediatric Surgery University of Leeds
Leeds, UK
ALGRAWANY
ird edition published 2022
https://t.me/medicina_free
by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
© 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Second edition published in 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
is book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable eorts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. e publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reect the views/ opinions of the publishers. e information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientic or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently veried. e reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. is book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to ma ke his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. e authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereaer invented, including photocopying, micro­lming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions@tandf.co.uk
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identica­tion and explanation without intent to infringe.
ISBN: 9781032022093 (hbk) ISBN: 9780367202231 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003182023 (ebk)
Typeset in Minion Pro by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
To our wives: Anne and Marilyn.
https://t.me/medicina_free
ALGRAWANY
https://t.me/medicina_free
Contents
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Contributors xi Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii
1 Embryology 1
David F M Thomas
2 Renal Development and Dysfunction 13
Douglas J Stewart and Stephen D Marks
3 Imaging 23
Melanie P Hiorns
4 Prenatal Diagnosis 43
Sarah L Hecht and Vijaya M Vemulakonda
5 Urinary Tract Infection 55
Stuart J O’Toole
6 Vesicoureteral Reux 69
Rohit Tejwani and Jonathan C Routh
7 Upper Tract Obstruction 83
Kim A R Hutton and David F M Thomas
8 Duplication Anomalies, Ureteroceles and Ectopic Ureters 103
Parviz Hajiyev and Berk Burgu
9 Posterior Urethral Valves and Other Urethral Abnormalities 115
Divyesh Y Desai and Patrick G Duffy
vii
ALGRAWANY
viii Contents
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10 Cystic Renal Disease 129
David F M Thomas
11 Urinary Tract Calculi 139
Alexander Cho, Patrick G Duffy, and Naima Smeulders
12 Urinary Incontinence 153
Henrik Steinbrecher
13 Neurogenic Bladder 169
Kyle O Rove and Christopher S Cooper
14 Urologic Anomalies in Anorectal Malformations and Renal Ectopia 183
Sarah L Hecht and Duncan T Wilcox
15 Bladder Exstrophy and Epispadias 195
Peter Cuckow and Kevin Cao
16 Hypospadias 209
Nadia V Halstead, Pierre D E Mouriquand, and Duncan T Wilcox
17 The Prepuce 227
Kim A R Hutton
18 Testis, Hydrocoele and Varicocoele 239
Prasad P Godbole and Nicholas P Madden
19 The Acute Scrotum 255
David F M Thomas
20 Disorders of Sex Development 267
Emilie K Johnson and Elizabeth B Yerkes
21 Genitourinary Malignancies 283
Jonathan Walker and Nicholas G Cost
22 Pediatric Genitourinary Trauma 299
David J Chalmers
23 Laparoscopic Paediatric Urology 309
Karly Zaher, Sara Lobo, and Imran Mushtaq
Contents ix
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24 Adolescent Urology 321
Charlotte Dunford, Christopher R J Woodhouse, and Dan Wood
25 Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 333
Veronica I Alaniz and Patricia Huguelet
Appendix I Self-Assessment Section: Questions 343
Appendix II Self-Assessment Section: Answers 365
Index 371
ALGRAWANY