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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5362_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
- •Preface
- •Acknowledgements
- •Contents
- •Editor and Contributors
- •Abbreviations
- •1.2 Market Statistics
- •Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: An Overview
- •1. Introduction
- •1.1 Evolution of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
- •2. Carbon-Based Nanostructures
- •2.1 Fullerene
- •2.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
- •2.4 Graphene
- •2.5 Nanodiamonds (NDs)
- •2.6 Nano-Onions (CNOs)
- •2.7 Nanohorns (CNHs)
- •2.8 Carbon Dots (CDs)
- •2.9 Nanoporous Activated Carbon
- •3. Synthesis Techniques
- •4. Properties of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
- •4.1 Physicochemical Properties
- •4.2 Thermal Properties
- •4.3 Mechanical Properties
- •4.4 Optoelectronic Properties
- •4.5 Antimicrobial Properties
- •4.6 Biological Properties
- •5. Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
- •5.1 Environmental Remediation
- •5.2 Agriculture
- •5.3 Biofuel
- •5.4 Energy Storage
- •5.5 Biomedical Applications
- •6. Challenges and Future Perspectives
- •7. Concluding Remarks
- •References
- •Carbon-Based Nanostructured Materials: Designing, Properties and Applications
- •1. Introduction
- •2.1 Zero-Dimensional Carbon-Based Nanostructures (0D)
- •2.2 One-Dimensional Carbon-Based Nanostructures
- •2.3 Two-Dimensional (2D) Carbon-Based Nanostructures
- •2.4 Three-Dimensional (3D) Carbon-Based Nanostructures
- •3.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition
- •3.2 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Techniques
- •3.3 Microwave-Assisted Technique
- •3.4 Chemical Oxidation Synthesis
- •4. Properties of Carbon-Based Nanostructured Materials
- •4.1 Thermal Properties
- •4.2 Mechanical Properties
- •4.3 Optoelectronic Properties
- •4.4 Antimicrobial Properties
- •4.5 Biological Properties
- •5. Applications of Carbon-Based Nanostructured Materials
- •5.2 Antibacterial and Antiviral Applications
- •5.3 Theragnostic
- •5.4 Wound Healing
- •5.5 Tissue Engineering
- •5.6 Drug Delivery
- •5.7 Biosensing
- •6. Challenges and Future Perspectives
- •7. Concluding Remarks
- •References
- •Drug Delivery System and Technologies
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Drug Delivery System
- •2.1 Conventional Drug Delivery System
- •2.2 Advanced Drug Delivery System
- •2.3 Controlled and Sustainable Drug Delivery System
- •3. Drug Delivery Technologies
- •3.1 Active and Passive Drug Delivery
- •3.2 Smart Drug Delivery
- •3.3 Intravenous and Extravaneous Drug Delivery
- •3.4 Various Types of Delivery Technologies
- •4. Challenges and Future Perspectives
- •5. Conclusion
- •References
- •Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery: Past, Present, Future Directions
- •1. Introduction
- •3. Current Status in Drug Delivery by CNMs
- •3.1 Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery
- •3.4 Nanodiamond Based Drug Delivery Systems
- •3.5 Nano-Onions in Drug Delivery
- •3.6 Nanohorns in Drug Delivery
- •3.7 Fullerene in Drug Delivery
- •4. Challenges and Future Perspective
- •5. Conclusions
- •References
- •Carbon Nanomaterial-Incorporated Supramolecular Drug Delivery
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Different Carbon Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery
- •2.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
- •2.3 Graphene
- •2.4 Carbon Quantum Dots
- •2.5 Fullerene
- •2.6 Carbon Nanohorns
- •2.7 Carbon Nano-Onions
- •2.8 Nano-Diamond
- •3. Supramolecular Chemistry in Drug Delivery
- •3.1 Principles of Supramolecular Chemistry
- •3.3 Applications of Supramolecular Biomaterials
- •4. Carbon Nanomaterial-Incorporated Supramolecular Drug Delivery
- •5.1 Cyclodextrins
- •5.2 Calixarenes
- •5.3 Cucurbituril
- •5.4 Pillarenes
- •5.5 Crown Ether
- •6. Toxicity Concerns of Carbon Nanomaterials
- •7. Improving the Effectiveness of Nanoparticle Systems
- •8. Future of Nanomedicine
- •9.1 Challenges
- •9.2 Future Perspectives and Opportunities
- •9.3 Conclusions
- •References
- •Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery
- •1. Introduction
- •2.1 Carbon Quantum Dot-Based Polymer Nanocomposite
- •2.2 Carbon Nanotube-Based Polymer Nanocomposite
- •2.3 Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Polymer Nanocomposite
- •2.5 Fullerene-Based Polymer Nanocomposite
- •2.6 Nanodiamond-Based Polymer Nanocomposite
- •3. Drug Delivery Systems Using Carbon Nanomaterial
- •3.1 Anticancer Drug Delivery
- •3.3 Infectious Disease Drug Delivery
- •3.4 Topical Drug Delivery
- •3.5 Brain Drug Delivery
- •3.6 Oral Drug Delivery
- •4. Challenge and Future Perspectives
- •5. Conclusion
- •References
- •Carbon Nanomaterial-Incorporated Polysaccharide-Based Nanocomposite for Drug Delivery
- •1. Introduction
- •1.1 Drug Delivery
- •1.2 Carbon Nanomaterials
- •1.3 Polysaccharide-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.1 CN-Incorporated Alginate-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.2 CN-Incorporated Cellulose-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.3 CN-Incorporated Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.4 CN-Incorporated Dextran-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.5 CN-Incorporated Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.6 CN-Incorporated Starch-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.7 CN-Incorporated Pectin-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.8 CN-Incorporated Guar Gum-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.9 CN-Incorporated Agarose-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.10 CN-Incorporated Carrageenan-Based Nanocomposite
- •2.11 CN-Incorporated Glucomannan-Based Nanocomposite
- •3. Challenges and Future Prospective
- •4. Concluding Remarks
- •References
- •Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
- •1. Introduction
- •1.1 Challenges in Conventional Drug Delivery Systems
- •1.2 Overview of Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
- •1.3 Role of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery
- •2. Synthesis of Graphene
- •2.1 Chemical Reduction Method
- •2.2 Thermal Reduction
- •2.3 Electrochemical Reduction
- •2.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition Method
- •2.5 Mechanical Exfoliation
- •2.6 Epitaxial Growth Method
- •2.7 Growth in Solvothermal and Hydrothermal Systems
- •2.8 Electrochemical Deposition
- •3. Types of Graphene-Based Materials
- •3.1 Graphene Quantum Dots, (GQDs)
- •3.2 Graphene Oxide (GO)
- •3.3 Graphene Nanoribbons (GNRs)
- •3.4 Oxidized Graphene Nanoribbons
- •4. Graphene Functionalized Materials for Drug Delivery
- •4.1 In Bone Tissue Regeneration
- •4.2 In Neural Regeneration
- •4.3 In Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy
- •4.4 In Enhancing Cellular and Humoral Immunity
- •4.6 Miscellaneous
- •5. Challenges and Future Perspective
- •6. Conclusion
- •References
- •Carbon Quantum Dots Based Materials for Drug Delivery
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Synthesis Process of Carbon Quantum Dots
- •2.1 Top-Down Approaches
- •2.2 Bottom-Up Approaches
- •2.3 Microwave-Assisted Method
- •2.4 Electrochemical Method
- •2.5 Laser Ablation Method
- •2.6 Pyrolysis Method
- •2.7 Template-Assisted Method
- •4. Challenges and Future Perspective
- •5. Concluding Remarks
- •References
- •Carbon-based Nanocarriers for Sustained Drug Release in Dentistry
- •1. Introduction
- •2.1 Oral Mucosa Structure
- •2.2 Sites for Drug Delivery
- •2.3 Permeability
- •3. Local Drug Delivery for Dental Diseases
- •3.1 Odontogenic Infection
- •3.2 Non-odontogenic Infection
- •4. Bio-adhesive Nanoparticles: Novel Treatment Modality
- •4.1 Bio-adhesive Nanoparticles
- •4.2 Mechanism of Bioadhesion
- •5.1 Carbon Nanotubes
- •5.2 Graphene
- •5.3 Nanodiamonds
- •5.4 Fullerenes
- •5.5 Porous Carbon
- •5.6 Carbon Dots
- •6. Drug Delivery Systems Based on CBNs
- •6.2 Immediate Drug Delivery System (IDDS)
- •6.3 Sustained-release Drug Delivery Systems
- •6.4 Controlled Drug Delivery System (CDDs)
- •8. Conclusion
- •References
- •Fullerene Based Materials for Drug Delivery
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Types of Fullerene Derivatives
- •2.1 Exohedral Fullerene Derivatives
- •2.2 Endohedral Fullerene Derivatives
- •2.3 Surface Derivatized Fullerenes
- •3. Interaction of Fullerene Derivatives for Drug Delivery
- •4. Fullerene Based Materials for Drug Delivery
- •4.1 Nucleic Acid Delivery
- •4.2 Peptide Delivery
- •4.3 Topical Drug Delivery
- •4.4 Infectious Diseases Drug Delivery
- •4.5 Anticancer Drug Delivery
- •4.7 Brain Drug Delivery
- •4.8 Ocular Drug Delivery
- •5. Challenges and Future Perspectives
- •6. Concluding Remarks
- •6.1 Abbreviations
- •References
- •Graphene Quantum Dots-based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Synthesis of GQDs
- •3. GQD’s Properties for Drug Delivery
- •3.1 Optical Properties
- •3.2 Physicochemical Properties
- •3.3 Mechanical Properties
- •3.4 Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity
- •4. Characterization of GQDs-Based Nanomaterials
- •4.1 Characterization of Multifunctional GQDs-Based Nanomaterials
- •5.1 Strategies for Developing Medication Delivery Systems Based on GQD
- •5.2 PH-responsive Drug Delivery Systems (GQD-DDSs)
- •5.3 Targeted Drug Delivery Using Ligand-Based GQDs as a Mediator
- •5.4 Improvement of Medicines’ Pharmacological Properties Using GQDs
- •5.5 Enhancing Cytotoxicity with GQD-DDS
- •7. Applications of Chiral GQDs
- •10. Challenges and Future Perspectives
- •11. Conclusions
- •References
- •Carbon Nano-onions for Drug Delivery
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Carbon Nano-Onion: A Multi-Layered Nanocarrier
- •3. Synthesis of Carbon Nano-Onions
- •3.1 Annealing Method
- •3.2 Carbon Ion Implantation Method
- •3.3 Arc Discharge Method
- •3.4 Carbon Vapour Deposition Method
- •3.5 Pyrolysis Method
- •6. Carbon Nano-Onions in Drug Delivery
- •6.1 Delivery of Therapeutic Agents
- •6.2 Delivery of Targeting Agents
- •6.3 Delivery of Imaging Agents
- •7. Challenges and Future Perspectives
- •8. Concluding Remarks
- •References
- •Chitosan/Carbon Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery and Cardiovascular Diseases
- •1. Introduction
- •1.1 Drug Delivery
- •1.2 Cardiovascular Diseases
- •1.3 Chitosan and Its Properties
- •1.4 Chitosan/Carbon Nanocomposites
- •2. Chitosan/Carbon Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery
- •3. Chitosan/Carbon Nanocomposites in CVDs
- •3.1 Chitosan-Based Scaffolds
- •3.2 Chitosan in Cardiac Tissue Engineering
- •3.3 Chitosan-Based Cell Therapy
- •3.4 Chitosan-Based Gene Delivery
- •3.5 Chitosan-Protein Interaction
- •4. Challenges and Future Perspective
- •5. Concluding Remarks
- •References
- •Graphene Reinforced Chitosan Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Chitosan: Structure and Properties
- •3. Graphene: Structure, Types and Properties
- •4.1 Electrospinning Method
- •4.2 Sol–gel Method
- •4.3 Solution Mixing Method
- •4.4 In-situ Polymerization Method
- •5.2 Chitosan/Graphene Aerogels
- •5.3 Chitosan/Graphene Hydrogels
- •5.4 Chitosan/Graphene Thin Films
- •6.1 Oral Drug Delivery
- •6.2 Mucosal Drug Delivery
- •6.3 Transdermal Drug Delivery
- •6.4 Parenteral Drug Delivery
- •7. Challenges and Future Perspectives
- •8. Concluding Remarks
- •References
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Functionalization of CNFs
- •2.1 The Need for Functionalization

Contents
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: An Overview ......................... 1
Sarat Kumar Swain, Anuradha Biswal, Swapnita Patra,
and Krishna Manjari Sahu
Carbon-Based Nanostructured Materials: Designing, Properties
and Applications .................................................. 39
Verónica Esparza-Cordero, Camila Castanedo-Carrillo,
Alain R. Picos-Benítez, and Blanca L. Martínez-Vargas
Drug Delivery System and Technologies ............................. 73
Wei Guo, Peng Ding, Oseweuba Valentine Okoro, Yanfang Sun,
Guohua Jiang, Amin Shavandi, and Lei Nie
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery: Past, Present,
Future Directions .................................................. 99
N. B. Singh, Tanaya Kundu, and Mridula Guin
Carbon Nanomaterial-Incorporated Supramolecular Drug
Delivery .......................................................... 129
Noshin Tasnim Tuli, Nuzhat Aqila Tushe, Adib Bin Rashid,
and Md Enamul Hoque
Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites for Drug
Delivery .......................................................... 169
Danyang Song and Hongbin Li
Carbon Nanomaterial-Incorporated Polysaccharide-Based
Nanocomposite for Drug Delivery ................................... 189
Krishna Manjari Sahu, Kumar Panchajanya Nayak,
and Sarat Kumar Swain
Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery ................... 229
An’amt Mohamed Noor, Farah Amanina Mohd Zin, Nasrun Hasenan,
and Lee Seong Wei
xi

xii Contents
Carbon Quantum Dots Based Materials for Drug Delivery ............ 261
Mehrab Pourmadadi, Bahareh Farasati Far, Mohamad Mahdi Khajeh,
and Amin Shamsabadipour
Carbon-based Nanocarriers for Sustained Drug Release
in Dentistry ....................................................... 293
Abhisikta Biswal
Fullerene Based Materials for Drug Delivery ......................... 323
Mitali Sarkar and Dhiman Santra
Graphene Quantum Dots-based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery ..... 357
Md Emamul Kabir, Adib Bin Rashid, and Md Enamul Hoque
Carbon Nano-onions for Drug Delivery .............................. 385
Sora Yasri and Viroj Wiwanitkit
Chitosan/Carbon Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery
and Cardiovascular Diseases ....................................... 413
Ayman M. Mahmoud, Ahmed M. Sayed, Emad H. M. Hassanein,
Krishna Manjari Sahu, and Sarat Kumar Swain
Graphene Reinforced Chitosan Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery ..... 443
Ranganathan Priya, Seung Yun Nam, Wan-Seob Cho,
and Muthuchamy Maruthupandy
Carbon Nanofiber-Based Materials for Drug Delivery ................. 469
Namrata Khanna, Tanushri Chatterji, and Tanya Bhagat
Metallic Nanoparticles, Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Drug
Delivery System ................................................... 495
Shruti Sharma, Mukesh Kumar, Anurag Gautam,
Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, and Ashutosh Sharma
Carbon based Nanomaterials are Multifunctional Drug Carriers
Opportunity: Challenges ........................................... 523
Neda Zalpour, Reza Samsami, and Mahmoud Roushani

Editor and Contributors
About the Editor
Prof. Sarat Kumar Swain is currently working as a
Professor of Chemistry at Veer Surendra Sai University
of Technology (VSSUT), Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha,
India. Professor Swain was a Post-doctoral Fellow in
the Department of Polymer Engineering, University of
Akron, OH, USA, after receiving his doctoral degree
from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India. He has
also worked as a visiting scientist at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata with
INSA SR Fellowship and at the Jawaharlal Nehru
Centre for Advanced and Scientific Research, Bangalore with JNCASR Fellowship. He has more than 25
years of experiencein teaching and research in the areas
of Organic Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Nanotechnology and Polymer Chemistry at UG, PG and Ph.D.
levels. Professor Swain has successfully supervised 19
Ph.D. scholars and three Post-doctoral fellows along
with more than 50 Master dissertations as the output
of his research. His research interests include reinforced polymer nanocomposites, hybrid nanomaterials,
advanced materials like nanoclay, graphene, CNF, CNT
and CQD for improving the fire-retardant, gas barrier,
thermal, chemical and mechanical resistance properties of materials. He has designed various kinds of
nanostructured materials for waste water treatment,
packaging, anti-corrosion performance, superconductor
properties, sensing behaviours, drugs delivery and
biomedical applications. Professor Swain has published
xiii

xiv Editor and Contributors
morethan 150 research articlesindifferent reputed international SCI/Scopus indexed journals and contributed
chapters to several edited books. He has also published
seven books with different international publishers and
has invented two patents (one USA and one Indian)
to his credit. He has received several awards such
as a BOYSCAST Fellowship and DAE-Young Scientist Research Award from the Government of India,
along with the prestigious “Samanta Chandra Sekhar
Award” from the Government of Odisha as a recognition
of his scientific and academicachievements.Besides his
academic credits, he has also taken on various administrative responsibilities such as Director (IQAC), Dean
(Academic Affairs), Dean (PG Studies and Research),
Head of the Department of Chemistry, etc. during his
professional career.
Contributors
Farah Amanina Mohd Zin Advanced Materials Research Cluster, Faculty of
Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli
Kelantan, Malaysia
Tanya Bhagat Department of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies
Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India;
Department of Biochemistry, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research
and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Abhisikta Biswal Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga
Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Anuradha Biswal Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of
Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
Camila Castanedo-Carrillo Centro de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos,
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatecas, México
Tanushri Chatterji Department of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies
Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Wan-Seob Cho Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate
School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Peng Ding College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
Md Emamul Kabir Mechanical Engineering Department, Military Institute of
Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Editor and Contributors xv
Verónica Esparza-Cordero Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería
Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatecas, México
Bahareh Farasati Far Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and
Technology, Tehran, Iran
Anurag Gautam School of Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad,
Telangana, India
Mridula Guin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sharda University,
Greater Noida, India
Wei Guo College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
Nasrun Hasenan Pathologi Department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab ll,
Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
Emad H. M. Hassanein Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
Md Enamul Hoque Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of
Science & Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Guohua Jiang School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou, China;
International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent
Biomaterials and Functional Fibers of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou, China
Namrata Khanna Department of Biochemistry, M. A. Rangoonwala College of
Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Mukesh Kumar Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied and Basic Sciences,
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Delhi-NCR, India
Tanaya Kundu Undergraduate Programmes, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, India
Hongbin Li College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar,
Heilongjiang, P. R. China;
Engineering Research Center for Hemp and Product in Cold Region of Ministry of
Education, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, P. R. China
Mohamad Mahdi Khajeh Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,
Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Ayman M. Mahmoud Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and
Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Blanca L. Martínez-Vargas Centro de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos,
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatecas, México

xvi Editor and Contributors
Muthuchamy Maruthupandy Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health
Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
An’amt Mohamed Noor Advanced Materials Research Cluster, Faculty of
Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli
Kelantan, Malaysia
Lei Nie College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
Sivasubramanian Palanisamy Department of Mechanical Engineering, PTR
College of Engineering & Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
Kumar Panchajanya Nayak Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla,
Sambalpur, India
Swapnita Patra Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of
Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
Alain R. Picos-Benítez Centro de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos, Instituto
Politécnico Nacional, Zacatecas, México
Mehrab Pourmadadi Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University,
Tehran, GC, Iran
Ranganathan Priya Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionic Engineering, Pukyong
National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Adib Bin Rashid Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Military
Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mahmoud Roushani Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ilam
University, Ilam, Iran
Krishna Manjari Sahu Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University
of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
Reza Samsami Department of Chemistry, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Dezful, Iran
Dhiman Santra Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West
Bengal, India
Mitali Sarkar Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West
Bengal, India
Ahmed M. Sayed Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Lee Seong Wei Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based
Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli Kelantan, Malaysia
Amin Shamsabadipour Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,
Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Editor and Contributors xvii
Ashutosh Sharma Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Suwon,
Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea;
Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834002, India
Shruti Sharma Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou
University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
Amin Shavandi Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de
Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
N. B. Singh Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sharda University,
Greater Noida, India
Danyang Song College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University,
Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
Yanfang Sun College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University, Hangzhou, China
Sarat Kumar Swain Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of
Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
Noshin Tasnim Tuli Department of Industrial and Production Engineering,
Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Nuzhat Aqila Tushe Department of Mechanical Engineering, Military Institute of
Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Oseweuba Valentine Okoro Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École
polytechnique de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Viroj Wiwanitkit Chandigarh University, Punjab, India;
Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, D. Y. Patil
Vidyapeeth, Pune, India;
Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad,
Faisalabad, Pakistan;
Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China;
Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Niš, Serbia;
Joseph Ayobalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Nigeria
Sora Yasri KM Center, Bangkok, Thailand
Seung Yun Nam Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionic Engineering, Pukyong
National University, Busan, Republic of Korea;
Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong
National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Neda Zalpour Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ilam University,
Ilam, Iran

Abbreviations
β-TC Tetracycline Associated with β-cyclodextrin
μs Microseconds
1
H NMR Proton nuclear magnetic resonance
1G First Generation
1
O
2
2G Second Generation
3G Third Generation
3T3 3-day transfer, inoculum 3×10
5-FU 5-Fluorouracil
AC Aceclofenac
ACV Acyclovir
AD Alzheimer’s Disease
AFM Atomic Force Microscope
Ag Silver
AGO Amine functionalized Graphene Oxide
A-GQDs Aminated GQDs
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
ALG/al Alginate
ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
AMB Amphotericin B
AMOX Amoxicillin
APA Acetaminophen
APIs Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Apt Aptamer
APTES (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
Arg-Gly-Asp Arginylglycylaspartic
ASK1 Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
ATR-IR Attenuated Total Reflection-Infrared Radiation
Baa Bucky amino acid
BBB Blood–Brain Barrier
Singlet Oxygen
5
cell
xix

xx Abbreviations
BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
B-GQDs Boron-Doped GQDs
bGQDs Gum Arabic-Based Graphene Quantum Dots
BHC Benzene Hexachloride
BTB Blood–Tumor Barrier
C
60
Fullerene
CA Calcium Alginate
CA-CD Carbon-Dot-Coated Alginate Beads
CAF Caffeine
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CAP Cellulose Acetate Phthalate
CB Cucurbituril
CBN Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
CC8 Cell Counting Kit-8
CD/CDs Carbon Dots
CF Carbon Fiber
CG MD Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics
cGQDs Carboxylated Graphene Quantum Dots
C
CH
h
4
Chiral vector
Methane
CHS Chitosan
CIPRO Ciprofloxacin
CLSM Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
CMC/CMC
CMC
2
1
Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Carboxymethyl Chitosan
CMCS Chemically Modified Chitosan
CMS Carboxymethyl Starch
CNF Carbon Nanofiber
CNH Carbon Nanohorn
CNHs Carbon-Nitrogen Hybrid Materials
CNM Carbon Nanomaterials
CNMs Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
CNOs Carbon Nano-onions
CNPCP Carbon Dot-Chitosan-PEG
CNS Central Nervous System
CNT Carbon Nanotube
CPO Chronic Post-traumatic Osteomyelitis
CPP Cell Penetrating Peptides
CPT Camptothecin
CQD Carbon Quantum Dot
cRGD Cyclic Arginylglycylaspartic Acid
CrGO Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide
CS/CTS Chitosan
CS-DA-LAG Dihydrocaffeic Acid and L-arginine-cografted Chitosan
CS-SWCNTs Chitosan Modified Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abbreviations xxi
Cu Copper
O Cuprous Oxide
Cu
2
CuO Cupric Oxide
Cur/CUR Curcumin
CV Cyclic Voltammetry
CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
CVD
1
Carbon Vapor Deposition
Cyt Cytarabine
DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene
DCA Deoxycholic Acid
DCA-HPCHS Mphiphilic Deoxycholic Acid-Modified Hydropropyl
Chitosan
DDS Drug Delivery System
DFT Density Functional Therapy
DHA Dihydroartemisinin
DLPC Dilauroylphosphatidylcholine
DLS Dynamic Light Scanning/Dynamic Light Scattering
DMA Dimethyl Maleic Acid
DMAc Dimethylacetamide
DMSNs Dendrimer-Like Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNDs Detonation Nanodiamonds
DOC Docetaxel
DOS Density of States
DOX/DOXO Doxorubicin
DPH Diphenhydramine
DPP-4 Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4
DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryhydrazyl Radical
DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
dsDNA Double-Stranded DNA
DSPE Distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
DTC
2+
60
N,N-Dimethyl-2-(4-N,N,N-Trimethylamino
phenyl)fulleropyrrolidinium Iodide
DWCNTs Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
EC Ethyl Cellulose
EDC-NHS 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/
N-Hydroxysuccinimide
EDS Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy
EDX Energy-Dispersive X-ray
EMF Endohedral Metallofullerene
EPI Epirubicin
EPR Enhanced Permeability and Retention
ESR Electron Spin Resonance
EYFP Enhanced Yellow Fluorescent Protein
FA Folic Acid
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