This book is about doing EEG research well. Our aim is to provide a trusted companion for students learning about EEG and for researchers conducting EEG studies. A key strength of this book is its emphasis on practical guidance. A book that not only explains the science behind EEG but also helps you navigate the real­world challenges of performing high-quality reproducible EEG research in the laboratory. Drawing on more than 25 years of collective experience supporting the neurophysiology research community, the authors understand where students and researchers commonly encounter difficulties and how best to support them. Along­side the fundamental scientific background and core principles of EEG measurement and analysis, we explore essential skills such as how to read EEG papers critically, how to present your own findings clearly, and how to follow good scientific practices in neuroscience. These skills form the foundation of a successful career in EEG research. Experienced academics also contribute their expertise on specific applica­tions, adding depth and breadth to the book’s content. The result is a resource designed not just to be read but to be used, whether you are preparing a course assignment, planning your next study, or troubleshooting an EEG recording in the lab.

I would like to thank all contributors for their hard work and comm itment in bringing this project to fruition. The depth and breadth of the book’s content reflect their expertise and dedication. I am especially grateful to Olga Nusser for her invaluable assistance with figures and illustrations for the chapters authored by the Brain Products team. Finally, I would like to sincerely thank Pierluigi Castellone, General Manager, Brain Products GmbH, for his support in making this book possible.

Our aim is to offer a reliable companion for students and researchers conducting EEG studies. This book is divided into seven parts each addressing a key stage in the EEG research workflow: from basic concepts to practical lab work, data analysis, and scientific reporting. While the book is organized to guide readers step-by-step through the process of designing, conduct ing, and communicating high-quality EEG research, it does not have to be read linearly from cover to cover. Instead, readers are encouraged to dip into the parts most relevant to their current stage of learning, coursework, or research. The seven parts are outlined below.

Part II: Experimental Design and Good Scientific Practice This part focuses on the

for effective EEG data acquisition and offers practical tips and troubleshooting strategies to help you optimize your experimental setup.

Part IV: Processing EEG Data There are many approaches to analyzing EEG data. In this section, we introduce common preprocessing steps and o ffer guidance on determining which steps are appropriate for your study. We also describe analytical approaches in both the time and frequency domains.

Part V: What Is EEG Used For? EEG supports a wide range of applications, and

gainin We begin with an outline of academic and clinical uses of EEG, followed by in-depth contributions from experts who discuss specific application areas in greater detail: BCI, focal epilepsy, neonatal and pediatric clinical applications, sleep, and mobile EEG applications.

combining it with other measurement or stimulati on modalities can provide deeper insights into brain function and behavior. This section explains why specific multimodal combinations are valuable and highlights their contribution to the broader neuroimaging literature.

Part VII: Writing and Reading Research Papers Reading and writing scientific

1 EEG in Context: Past, Present, and Future . . . . . .............. 3

Tracy Warbrick

2 What Is EEG? . . . . . . . . ................................. 15

Fernando Cross Villasana

3 Basic Anatomy: Central Nervous System . . . . ................ 31

Shivakumar Viswanathan

4 Basic Anatomy: Peripheral Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Cilia Jaeger

Fernando Cross Villasana

9 Applying Statistics in Your EEG Research . . . . . . ............. 105

Shivakumar Viswanathan

10 Pilot Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... 117

Paulo Rodrigo Bazán

11 Study Workflow and Lab Management . . . . . . . . .............. 129

Tracy Warbrick and David Kadlec

12 Hardware for Recording EEG and Peripheral Physiology . . ..... 141

Tracy Warbrick and Cilia Jaeger

Paulo Rodrigo Bazán

17 EEG Preprocessing and Artifact Handling . . . . . . . . ........... 211

Yin Fen Low and Ramon Martinez-Cancino

18 Introduction to EEG Oscillations and Spectral Analysis . . . . . .... 227

Ramon Martinez-Cancino and Yin Fen Low

19 Event-Related Potentials . . . . . . . . . ........................ 239

20 EEG Source Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ 255