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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_874_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
X
- •Contents
- •1.1 Introduction
- •1.2 Ancient Past
- •1.3 Modern Period
- •1.4 Robot
- •1.5 Contemporary Period
- •1.6 Healthcare Robotics
- •1.9 Robotic-Assisted Surgery Logistics
- •1.10 Future Directions
- •1.7 Twenty-First Century
- •1.8 Hernia Repair
- •References
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 Advantages
- •2.3 Disadvantages/Barriers
- •2.4 Training Requirements
- •2.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •3: Enhanced Recovery After Hernia Repair
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 Pre-Operative Measurements
- •3.2.1 Smoking Cessation
- •3.2.2 Weight Loss
- •3.2.3 Diabetes Optimization
- •3.2.4 Nutritional Optimization
- •3.2.5 Prehabilitation
- •3.3 Intra-operative Measures
- •3.3.2 Perioperative Antibiotics
- •3.3.3 Surgical-Site Infections (SSI)
- •3.3.4 Improving Postoperative Intestinal Function
- •3.4 Post-operative Measures
- •3.4.2 Multimodal Pain Control
- •3.4.3 Early Enteral Feeding
- •3.5 Discussion
- •References
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.3 Prosthetic Materials: History
- •4.4 Absorbable Synthetic Biomaterials
- •4.5 Biologic Products
- •4.5.1 Bovine Products
- •4.5.2 Cadaveric Products
- •4.5.3 Porcine Products
- •4.6 Hybrid Products
- •4.7 Flat Prosthetic Products
- •4.8 Miscellaneous Flat Products
- •4.9 Combination Flat Synthetic Prosthetics
- •4.14 Hiatal Hernia Repair Products
- •4.15 Fixation Devices
- •4.16 Conclusion
- •References
- •5.1 Inguinal Hernia
- •5.1.2 Inguinal Preoperative Imaging
- •5.1.3 Operative Approach
- •5.1.4 Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repairs
- •5.1.5 Bilateral Hernias
- •5.1.6 Obesity
- •5.1.7 Anticoagulated Patients
- •5.1.8 Medical Comorbidities
- •5.1.9 Women
- •5.1.10 Femoral Hernias
- •5.1.11 Preperitoneal Mesh/Lower Midline Surgery
- •5.1.12 Scrotal/Nonreducible Hernia
- •5.1.13 Summary
- •5.1.14 Ventral/Incisional Hernia
- •5.1.16 Preoperative Imaging
- •5.1.17 Prehabilitation
- •5.1.18 Operative Approach
- •5.1.19 Mesh Utilization
- •5.2 Conclusion
- •References
- •6.1 Background
- •6.2 Pain Classification
- •6.3 Anatomic Considerations
- •6.7 Chronic Pain After Ventral Hernia Repair
- •6.8 Chronic Pain After Inguinal Hernia Repair
- •6.10 Open Extended Triple Neurectomy
- •6.11 Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Triple Neurectomy
- •6.12 Chronic Orchialgia
- •6.14 Conclusion
- •References
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.3 The Robotic Equipment
- •7.4.1 Patient Positioning
- •7.4.2 Cannulas
- •7.4.3 Robot Docking
- •7.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •8.6 Controversies
- •8.6.1 Direct Hernia Defect Closure
- •8.6.2 Mesh Fixation
- •8.6.3 Non-Mesh Robotic TAPP Repairs
- •8.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •8: Routine Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.2 Patient Selection
- •8.3 Surgical Technique
- •8.3.2 Dissection
- •8.3.3 Mesh Placement
- •8.3.4 Peritoneal Closure
- •8.4 Recovery
- •8.5 Adverse Events
- •8.5.1 Small Bowel Obstruction
- •8.5.2 Recurrence
- •8.5.3 Chronic Pain
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.2 History
- •9.3 Pre-operative Preparation
- •9.4 Operative Techniques
- •9.6 Summary
- •References
- •10: Pelvic Hernias
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.2 Technique
- •10.5 Docking
- •10.6 Surgical Technique
- •10.7 Dissection/Adhesiolysis
- •10.8 Defect Closure
- •10.10 Complications
- •10.12 Summary
- •10.13 Concluding Remarks
- •References
- •Glossary
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.4 Other
- •11.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •12: Re-operation After Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.6.1 Open Repair
- •12.6.2 Laparoscopic Repair
- •12.6.3 Robotic Repair
- •12.7 Special Considerations
- •12.8 Conclusions
- •References
- •13: Botulinum Toxin Aided Hernia Repair
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.3 Existing Clinical Applications
- •13.5.1 Anatomy
- •13.5.2 Our Technique
- •13.6.4 Other Uses
- •13.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •14: Pneumoperitoneum Aided Hernia Repair
- •14.1 Introduction
- •14.1.1 Preoperation Treatment Options
- •14.2 Progressive Preoperative Pneumoperitoneum (PPP)
- •14.2.4 PPP Protocol
- •14.3 Surgical Repair: Minimally Invasive
- •14.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.2 Patient Selection
- •15.5 Port Placement
- •15.6 Intraoperative Considerations
- •15.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •16.2 Operative Technique
- •16.2.2 Access
- •16.2.3 Port Placement
- •16.2.5 Upper Midline Defects (Lower Dock Setup)
- •16.2.6 Lower Midline Defects (Upper Dock Setup)
- •16.2.7 Side Dock Setup
- •16.2.8 Conclusion
- •17: Robotic IPOM-Plus Repair
- •17.1 Introduction
- •17.2 Definition
- •17.3 Surgical Technique
- •17.3.1 Preoperative Care
- •17.3.2 Patient Positioning
- •17.3.3 Trocar Placement
- •17.3.4 Docking
- •17.3.5 Instrumentation
- •17.3.6 Adhesiolysis
- •17.4 Postoperative Care
- •17.5 Conclusions
- •References
- •18: Transabdominal Preperitoneal (rTAPP) Repair
- •18.1 Introduction
- •18.2 Surgical Anatomy
- •18.4 Patient Selection
- •18.5 Preoperative Evaluation
- •18.6 Equipment
- •18.7 Surgical Technique
- •18.7.2 Trocar Placement, Adhesiolysis, Preperitoneal Dissection
- •18.8 Postoperative Care
- •18.9 Complications
- •18.9.1 Bleeding-Hematoma
- •18.9.2 Seroma
- •18.9.3 Intestinal Injury
- •18.9.4 Chronic Pain
- •18.9.5 Recurrence
- •18.10 Limitations
- •18.11 Conclusion
- •References
- •19.1 Introduction
- •19.2 Background
- •19.3 History
- •19.4 Pre-Operative Workup
- •19.6 Surgical Technique
- •19.6.1 Access
- •19.6.2 Port Placement
- •19.6.3 Dissection/Adhesiolysis
- •19.6.5 Midline Reconstruction
- •19.7 Complications
- •19.9 Discussion
- •19.10 Concluding Remarks
- •References
- •Glossary
- •20: Endoscopic Component Separation Techniques
- •20.1 Endoscopic Component Separation Techniques
- •20.4 Operative Steps
- •20.4.1 Preoperative Preparation
- •20.5 Operative Technique
- •20.5.1 Transfascial Approach
- •20.5.2 Modified Subfascial Approach
- •20.5.3 Endoscopic Subcutaneous CS Approach
- •20.8 Conclusions
- •References
- •21: Robotic Retro-Rectus Repairs
- •21.1 Introduction
- •21.2 Robotic Rives: Retromuscular Repairs
- •21.2.1 Patient Selection
- •21.2.2 General Measures
- •21.2.3 Single Docking: Cranial Approach
- •21.2.4 Double Docking: Lateral Approach
- •21.2.5 Single Docking: Lateral Approach
- •21.3 e-TEP
- •21.3.3 Upper Midline Defect
- •21.3.4 Lower Midline Defects
- •21.3.5 Side-Docking
- •21.4 Conclusion
- •References
- •22: Robotic Transversus Abdominus Release
- •22.1 Introduction
- •22.2 Historical Context
- •22.2.3 The Rives-Stoppa Repair
- •22.2.4 Posterior Component Separation
- •22.2.6 Minimally Invasive Approaches
- •22.2.7 Operative Considerations
- •22.2.8 Patient Selection
- •22.3 Pre-Operative Planning
- •22.4 Technique
- •22.4.3 Trocar Placement
- •22.4.4 Docking
- •22.4.5 Retromuscular Dissection
- •22.4.6 Transversus Abdominis Release
- •22.4.8 Contralateral Dissection
- •22.4.9 Fascial Closure
- •22.4.11 Post-Operative Care
- •22.5 Conclusions
- •References
- •23.1 Introduction
- •23.2 Operating Room Set Up
- •23.3 Surgical Technique
- •23.4 Postoperative Care
- •23.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •24: Lumbar Hernia
- •24.1 Introduction
- •24.1.1 Historical Background
- •24.1.2 Classifications
- •24.1.3 Surgical Anatomy
- •24.1.4 Pathogenesis
- •24.1.5 Clinical Presentation
- •24.2 Preoperative Planning
- •24.3 Operative Technique
- •24.3.1 Open Approach
- •24.3.2 Mimimally Invasive Approach
- •24.3.2.1 Conventional Laparoscopy
- •24.3.2.2 Robotic Assisted
- •24.3.3 Hybrid Approach
- •24.4 Conclusion
- •References
- •25.1 Background
- •25.3 Preoperative Considerations
- •25.4 Operating Room Set Up
- •25.5.2 Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR)
- •25.5.4 Mesh Placement
- •25.6 Postoperative Management of Modified Sugarbaker with TAR
- •25.7 Complications
- •25.8 Traditional Sugarbaker Repair
- •25.8.1 Operating Room Set Up
- •25.9 Postoperative Management
- •25.10 Conclusion
- •References
- •References
- •27.2 Obesity
- •27.3 Malnutrition
- •27.4 Immunosuppression
- •27.5 Age
- •27.6 Special Considerations: Cytoreductive Surgery
- •27.7 Future Thoughts
- •References
- •28.1 Morgagni Hernia
- •28.1.1 Si
- •28.1.2 Xi
- •28.2 Bochdalek Hernia
- •28.2.1 Si
- •28.2.2 Xi
- •28.3 Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia
- •28.4 Summary
- •References
- •29: Robotic Assisted Morgagni Hernia Repair
- •29.1 Introduction
- •29.2 Preoperative Evaluation
- •29.3 Patient Selection
- •29.6 Intraoperative Considerations
- •29.7 Recommended Instruments
- •29.8 Postoperative Care
- •29.9 Conclusion
- •References
- •30: Robotic Paraesophageal Hernia Repair
- •30.1 Introduction
- •30.2 Preoperative Evaluation
- •30.2.1 Upper Endoscopy
- •30.2.2 Barium Swallow
- •30.2.3 High Resolution Esophageal Manometry
- •30.2.4 pH Monitoring
- •30.3 Operative Technique
- •30.3.1 Operating Room (OR) Setup
- •30.3.2 Patient Positioning
- •30.3.3 Trocar Placement
- •30.3.4 Docking
- •30.3.5 Visualization
- •30.3.7 Esophageal Lengthening
- •30.3.8 Crural Closure
- •30.3.9 Relaxing Incisions
- •30.3.10 Fundoplication
- •30.3.11 Mesh Reinforcement
- •30.4 Peri-Operative Complications
- •30.4.1 Pneumothorax
- •30.4.2 Vagal Injury
- •30.4.3 Esophageal Perforation
- •30.4.4 Gastric Perforation
- •30.4.5 Bleeding
- •30.4.6 Dysphagia
- •30.4.7 Reflux
- •30.5 Outcomes
- •30.6 Reoperative Considerations
- •30.9 Conclusion
- •References
- •31.1 Introduction
- •31.2 Surgical Indications
- •31.3 Preoperative Evaluation
- •31.4 Surgical Technique
- •31.5 Postoperative Care
- •31.6 Outcomes
- •31.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •32.4 Organ Perforation
- •32.6 Postoperative In-hospital Complications
- •32.7 Late Complications
- •32.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •33: Reoperation After Robotic Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair
- •33.1 Introduction
- •33.6 Open Repair
- •33.7 Laparoscopic Repair
- •33.8 Robotic Repair
- •33.9 Conclusions
- •References
- •Index

106
K. A. LeBlanc
Table 4.17 Ventral and
incisional prostheses with an
absorbable barrier
Adhesix, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
C-QUR FX, Getinge Group, Wayne, NJ, USA
C-QUR Mosiac, Getinge Group, Wayne, NJ, USA
C-QUR TacShield, Getinge Group, Wayne, NJ USA
C-QUR V-Patch, Getinge Group, Wayne, NJ, USA
Easy Pro Composite Mesh, TransEasy Medical Tech.Co.
Ltd., Beijing, China
Parietene Composite, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Parietex Composite Ventral Patch, Medtronic, Minneapolis,
MN, USA
Parietex Optimized Composite (PCO
Minneapolis, MN, USA
Parietex Optimized Composite (PCO
Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Parietene DS, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Parietene ProGrip, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Parietex ProGrip, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Physiomesh Open, Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA
Proceed, Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA
Proceed Ventral Patch, Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA
SepraMesh IP, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
Symbotex, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Ventralight ST, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
Ventralex ST, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
Ventrio ST, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
), Medtronic,
x
) Skirted Mesh,
x
C-QUR FX is made of a lightweight Prolite mesh onto which Omega-3 Fatty
Acid (O3FA) has been coated onto the product (Fig.4.91). These fatty acids are in
a cross-linked gel that covers both sides of the material and impart a characteristic
dark yellow color. O3FA will absorb over a period of 3–6months. C-QUR FX has a
lighter coating of the Omega 3 fatty acid that the other C-QUR products possess and
therefore, must be placed in the extraperitoneal space. It is also congured for use
in open and laparoscopic/robotic inguinal hernia repair. C-QUR Mosiac is made of
the same materials but has a thicker coating of O3FA (Fig.4.92). Therefore, it can
be used when tissue-separating capabilities are required in the repair of hernias. The
C-QUR V-Patch is designed for open repair umbilical hernias and trocar site defects
but it could be used for smaller incisional hernias as well (Fig.4.93). It combines
the ProLite material such that there is one layer of the C-QUR FX and one layer of
the C-QUR mesh itself that are sewn together around an O3FA coated mesh stabilizing ring. The xation straps would be cut off in the robotic application. Easy Pro
Composite Mesh is constructed of lightweight PPM with a barrier coating of polylactide- co-carprolactone (Fig.4.94). It has an “F” on the visceral surface to identify
the orientation toward the intestine. It is also available in a precut size for complicated inguinal hernia repair.
Parietene Composite is PP coated with the hydrophilic collagen and other substances that are used in the better-known Parietex Composite discussed below.

4 Prosthetic Materials forRobot-Assisted Hernia Repair
Fig. 4.91 C-QUR FX
Fig. 4.92 C-Qur Mosiac
107
Parietex Composite Ventral Patch is designed for the smaller defects in the abdominal wall such as umbilical or epigastric hernias like that of the C-Qur V-Patch
(Fig.4.95). It is supplied with a deployment system that consists of a PGLA structure that is implanted and two nylon suture “positioning” arms that are removed
when used in the robotic repair. It has an incorporated hydrophilic layer of a mixture
of oxidized Type I atelocollagen, polyethylene glycol and glycerol, which is absorbable. Parietex Optimized Composite is the same POL biomaterial that is described
earlier in this chapter (Fig.4.96). It is supplied with or without preplaced sutures.
The mesh is available with the attached AccuMesh Positioning System that will hold
the product in place during xation (Fig.4.97). Parietene DS is a dual sided product
that has Paritene macroporous PP that is coated on one side with glycolide, caprolactone, trimethylene carbonate and lactose (Fig. 4.98). Parietene ProGrip and
Parietex ProGrip also differ in that the former is of PP and the latter is of POL.Both

108
Fig. 4.93 C-QUR V-patch
Fig. 4.94 EasyPro
composite
K. A. LeBlanc
Fig. 4.95 Parietex
composite ventral patch
(All rights reserved; used
with permission of
Medtronic, Inc.)

4 Prosthetic Materials forRobot-Assisted Hernia Repair
Fig. 4.96 Parietex
composite optimized (All
rights reserved; used with
permission of Medtronic,
Inc.)
Fig. 4.97 AccuMesh
positioning system (All
rights reserved; used with
permission of Medtronic,
Inc.)
109
Fig. 4.98 Parietene DS
(All rights reserved; used
with permission of
Medtronic, Inc.)
have the polylactic acid grippers (described earlier in this chapter) so that they
potentially do not need xation. The coating on these products is very minimal so it
is not recommended that these products contact the viscera.
Proceed is composed of an oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) fabric and
Prolene Soft Mesh which is encapsulated by a polydioxanone polymer that holds
these materials together (Fig.4.99). The fabric acts as a barrier to separate the PP
from the viscera. The ORC is absorbed within four weeks. It should be noted that

110
Fig. 4.99 Proceed (Image
courtesy of Ethicon, Inc.)
Fig. 4.100 Proceed
ventral patch (Image
courtesy of Ethicon, Inc.)
K. A. LeBlanc
the instructions for use state “Proceed Mesh has an ORC component that should not
be used in the presence of uncontrolled and/or active bleeding as brinous exudates
may increase the chance of adhesion formation.” The Proceed Ventral Patch (PVP)
is another version that also has an ORC layer that is placed toward the intestine
(Fig.4.100). In this product, there is an additional layer of polydioxanone polymer
and a positioning ring to provide memory. Polyglactin 910 is placed on top of the
polydioxanone and is encapsulated with a polydioxanone lm. The sutures that are
seen in the photo are of polyester. Similar to the other products above, these should
be removed in the use for robotic incisional hernia repair.
SepraMesh IP is a single layer of polypropylene is covered by barrier that is a
combination of carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronic acid (Fig. 4.101). It is
bound together with polyglycolic acid bers and has a hydrogel layer on the visceral
surface. This product requires brief immersion into saline solution prior to its use to
activate the gel, which then causes the hydrogel to swell causing it to swell and
cover any xation devices that are used. This barrier portion of the product is stated
to last approximately four weeks. There is a lighter weight version that is Ventralight
ST that is the more commonly used product (Fig.4.102). The “Sepra” technology
has been extended to the original Ventralex and Ventrio products (Table4.18). The

4 Prosthetic Materials forRobot-Assisted Hernia Repair
Fig. 4.101 SepraMesh IP
111
Fig. 4.102 Ventralight ST

112
K. A. LeBlanc
Table 4.18 Ventral and
incisional products with a
permanent barrier
ClearMesh Composite (CMC), Di.pro Medical Devices,
Torino, Italy
CO3A, THT-Bio-Science, Montpelier, France
Combi Mesh Plus, Angiologica, S.Martino Sicc., Italy
Composix E/X Mesh, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
Composix L/P Mesh, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
Composix L/P Mesh with ECHO PS, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI,
USA
DualMesh, W.L. Gore & Associates, Elkhart, DE, USA
DualMesh Plus, W.L. Gore &Associates, Elkhart, DE, USA
DualMesh Plus with Holes, W.L. Gore &Associates, Elkhart,
DE, USA
Dulex, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
DynaMesh IPOM, FEG Textiltechnik mbH, Aachen, Germany
Intra, Microval, Saint-Just-Malmont, France
IntraMesh T1, Cousin Biotech, Wervicq-Sud, France
IS 180, THT Bio-Science, Montpelier, France
Omyra Mesh, B.Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany
MotifMESH, Proxy Biomedical Ltd., Galway, Ireland
MycroMesh, W.L. Gore &Associates, Elkhart, DE, USA
MycroMesh Plus, W.L. Gore &Associates, Elkhart, DE, USA
Prex, THT Bio-Science, Montpelier, France
Plurimesh (PCMC), Di.pro Medical Devices, Torino, Italy
Rebound HRD V, ARB Medical, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Relimesh, HerniaMesh, Torino, Italy
SMH2+, THT Bio-science, Montpelier, France
SM3+, THT Bio-Science, Montpelier, France
Soft Tissue Patch, W.L. Gore &Associates, Elkhart, DE, USA
SurgiMesh XB, Aspide Medical, St. Etienne, France
TiMesh, GfE Medizintechnik, Nuremburg, Germany
TiO
Mesh, Bayreuth, Germany
2
Umbilical- CMC, Di.pro Medical Devices, Torino, Italy
Ventralex, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
Ventrio Hernia Patch, Davol, Inc., Warwick, RI, USA
ePTFE surface of these latter products has been replaced with the tissue-separating
material that is used on the SepraMesh IP and Ventralight ST prostheses. These
products are called Ventralex ST and Ventrio ST (Figs.4.103 and 4.104). Symbotex
is a polyester material that is lighter in weight than the Parietex PCO (Fig.4.105). It
has the same barrier material as the PCO product described above (i.e. Type I atelocollagen, polyethylene glycol and glycerol). There is a green marker that is placed
as an aid in positioning.

4 Prosthetic Materials forRobot-Assisted Hernia Repair
Fig. 4.103 Ventralex ST
Fig. 4.104 Ventrio ST
113
4.12 Prostheses forIncisional andVentral Hernioplasty
withaPermanent Barrier
These products are a combination of a single product that is manufactured in two
different forms or, more commonly, a combination of two different materials
(Table4.18). The method of xation of these products to each other differs from
each manufacturer. There are some that have been described earlier in this chapter

114
Fig. 4.105 Symbotex (All
rights reserved; used with
permission of Medtronic,
Inc.)
Fig. 4.106 ClearMesh
composite
K. A. LeBlanc
that are single products (ePTFE, cPTFE or PVDF) and are not described again here
(Tables 4.13 and 4.14). What is consistent in all of the prostheses is the creation of
some type of a barrier to visceral adhesion formation while allowing for parietal
ingrowth on the opposite surface of these meshes.
ClearMesh Composite (CMC) is a pure PP mesh (Fig.4.106). There is a textured
side that is composed of a single lament macroporous weave and a non-adhesive
side that is composed of a non-porous smooth PP lm. It is further designated as
CMC 2P, which is elliptical in shape and the CMC 2P-C, which is round. CO3A has
been described in the at mesh section (Fig.4.76). It is a combination of POL and
PUR with grips. Combi Mesh Plus is also combination of PP and PUR but also has
an attached suture to delineate the parietal surface (Fig.4.107). The polyurethane
layer of all such products faces the viscera. Composix E/X mesh is at Bard mesh
on one side (parietal) and ePTFE on the other surface (visceral) (Fig.4.108). The
perimeter edge of the elliptically shaped product is sealed to prevent contact of viscera to the PP.It is a low prole mesh. Composix L/P is very similar to the Composix
E/X except that the former uses the lighter Bard Soft Mesh rather than the Bard
mesh (Fig.4.109). It is specically designed for laparoscopic usage and can be used

4 Prosthetic Materials forRobot-Assisted Hernia Repair
Fig. 4.107 Combi Mesh
Plus
Fig. 4.108 Composix E/X
115
Fig. 4.109 Composix L/P
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