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Pharma
Aspiration
A Handbook of
Competitive Examinations and
Recruitments in Pharmacy
For GPAT, NIPER, DI and other Pharmacy Entrance Examinations
• 17 Critical Subjects
• 23 Model Question Papers
• Important Tables and Figures for
Quick Revision
Subjects Covered
• Pharmacology
• Pharmacognosy
• Biochemistry
• Biotechnology
• Microbiology
• Pathophysiology
• Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
• Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
• Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
• Dispensing and Hospital Pharmacy
• Physical Chemistry
• Physical Pharmacy
• Organic Chemistry
• Pharmaceutical Chemistry
• Pharmaceutical Analysis
• Pharmaceutics
• Pharmaceutical Management
Pharma
Aspiration
A Handbook of
Competitive Examinations and
Recruitments in Pharmacy
For GPAT, NIPER, DI and other Pharmacy Entrance Examinations
Sapna Malviya M Pharm, PhD
Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education
Sangeeta Dwivedi MPharm
Associate Professor
Modern Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Indore, MP
Professor and Head of Institute
Indore, MP
Neelesh Malviya M Pharm, PhD
Professor and Principal
Indore, MP
Assisted by
Rajiv Saxena MPharm PhD
Professor
Smriti College of Pharmaceutical
Education, Indore, MP
Namrata Rathore MPharm
Assistant Professor
Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Indore, MP
CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd
New Delhi • Bengaluru • Chennai • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai
Hyderabad • Jharkhand • Nagpur • Patna • Pune • Uttarakhand
Disaimer
978-93-546-6825-8
4
Branches
th
st
nd
Representatives
to
my loving and caring mother
Mrs Nirmala Motwani
Educationalist
—Sapna Malviya
Foreword
I am delighted to write the Foreword to the book Pharma Aspiration: A Handbook of Competitive Examinations
and Recruitments in Pharmacy for GPAT, NIPER, DI and other pharmacy entrance examinations which has
been published by CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
The authors of this Handbook are young, talented, driven by academic passion, and have written and
published many textbooks relating to pharmacy education for the benet of students of pharmacy and
those aspiring to appear in GPAT, NIPER, DI and other pharmacy entrance examinations. I am sure, this
book will benet candidates to clear their basics. This book also explains the fundamentals of the subject
that denes the theory in brief and various simple ways which will help the students obtain comparatively
high scores.
Pharmacy students may make use of this book which comprises subjects of pharmaceutical sciences
including pharmacology, pharmacognosy, biochemistry, biotechnology, microbiology, pathophysiology,
biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, pharmaceutical jurisprudence,
dispensing and hospital pharmacy, physical chemistry, physical pharmacy, organic chemistry,
pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis, pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical management.
I congratulate all the authors and contributors for their efforts in bringing out this comprehensive book.
Best wishes to the readers as well.
Dr B Suresh
Pro-Chancellor
JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, and
President, Pharmacy Council of India
Contributors
Sangeeta Dwivedi MPharm
Associate Professor
Department of Pharmacology
Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Rajiv Saxena MPharm PhD
Professor
Department of Pharmaceutics
Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Namrata Rathore MPharm
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Ruchika Agarwal MPharm
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmaceutics
Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Manisha Dhere MPharm
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmaceutics
Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Sandeep Mukati MPharm
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmaceutics
Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Ayushi Sharma MPharm
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmaceutics
Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Preface
Pharma Aspiration is the result of our abundant hard work. We have given details of all the pharmaceutical subjects
in the syllabus. The book has highlighted the changing trends of competitive examination preparation. It provides in
depth details on the preparation for GPAT, NIPER, DI and other pharmacy competitive and entrance examinations. In
view of the all-inclusive information on the subject, this handbook has been prepared to give determined information
about pharmaceutical sciences. This modern version of the handbook is aimed to help students learn the concepts of all
pharmacy entrance examinations.
We convey our deep sense of gratitude to our parents, grandparents and son for deeply motivating us to write a kind
of the book required for undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers.
Undoubtedly, we are indebted to all those who have supported us in giving the present shape to the book. Last but
not the least, we express our heartfelt gratitude to Mr YN Arjuna, Senior Vice President—Publishing, Editorial and
Publicity, and his dedicated team at CBS Publishers & Distributors, for their support, guidance and cooperation in
publishing the book.
We sincerely solicit review comments, suggestions and criticism from the readers and the teachers in pharmacy
institutions to further improve the quality of the book in a real sense.
Sapna Malviya
Neelesh Malviya
Contents
Foreword by Dr B Suresh v
Contributors vii
Preface ix
Section 1: PHARMACOLOGY
1. General Pharmacology 2
2. Pharmacology of Peripheral Nervous System 12
3. Pharmacology of Cardiovascular System 30
4. Drugs Acting on Urinary System 50
5. Drugs Acting on Respiratory System 58
6. Pharmacology of Central Nervous System 69
7. Chemotherapy 89
Section 2: PHARMACOGNOSY
1. Introduction to Pharmacognosy 144
2. SourcesandClassicationofCrudeDrugs 147
3. FactorsInuencingQualityofCrudeDrugs 150
4. Techniques in Microscopy 160
5. Introduction of Phytoconstituents 161
6. Glycosides 167
7. Alkaloids 185
8. Terpenoids, Volatile Oils and Resins 200
9. PrinciplesofPlantClassication 224
10. Pharmaceutical Aids 225
11. Plant Products 225
12. Toxic Drugs 261
8. Autacoids and their Antagonists 106
9. Pharmacology of Drug Acting on the
Gastrointestinal Tract 112
10. Immunopharmacology 122
11. Vitamin and Minerals 124
12. Hormones 132
13. Poisonous Plants 261
14. Enzymes 263
15. QuantitativeMicroscopy 267
16. Biogenetic Pathways 269
17. Herbarium 297
18. Herbal Formulation 309
19. Plant Tissue Culture 312
20. Herbal Cosmetics 324
21. Herbal Formulation 329
22. Marine Drugs, Chemical Constitutents
and Uses 344
Section 3: BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Cellular Components 366
2. Carbohydrates 372
3. Proteins 385
4. Lipids 397
5. Vitamins 404
Section 4: BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Plant Cell 438
2. Animal Cell Culture (Mammalian
Cell Culture) 439
6. Biological Oxidation and Reduction 412
7. Enzymes 412
8. Nucleic Acids 424
9. Hereditary Diseases 436
3. Fermentation 440
4. Recombinant DNA Technology 441
5. Proteomics 442
Section 5: Microbiology
1. Introduction to Microbiology 458
2. Microscopy 459
3. Staining Methods 464
4. Biology of Microorganisms 470
5. Fungi and Viruses 479
Section 6: Pathophysiology
1. Cell 548
2. InammationandRepair 551
3. Cardiovascular System 554
4. Renal System 560
5. Gastrointestinal System 577
Section 7: Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
1. Biopharmaceutics 604
2. Biopharmaceutical Statistics 615
6. Aseptic Technique, Sterilisation and
Disinfection 487
7. Microbial Spoilage and the Immune System 500
8. Vaccines 523
9. Important Terminology, Tables and Figures 536
6. Disorders of GIT 578
7. Diseases of Bones and Joints, and Cancer 585
8. Infectious Diseases 590
9. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 596
3. Bioavailability and Bioequivalence 616
Section 8: Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
1. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 628
Section 9: Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
1. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence 648
Section 10: Dispensing and Hospital Pharmacy
1. Denitions 672
Section 11: Physical Chemistry
1. Intermolecular Forces 692
Contents
2. Colligative Properties 698
3. Thermodynamics 702
4. Phase Rule 707
5. Refractive Index 710
6. Solutions 712
7. Ionic Equilibrium 717
8. Electrochemistry 718
9. Kinetics 723
Section 12: Physical Pharmacy
xii
1. Matter and Properties of Matter 728
2. Micromeritics and Powder Rheology 732
3. Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon 737
4. Viscosity and Rheology 743