Словарь газовика

Ɋɢɫɤɚɜɚɪɢɢ – ɦɟɪɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟ ɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ [53].

Ɋɢɫɤ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ – ɪɢɫɤ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨ ɜɚɧ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Ɋɢɫɤ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴ ɟɤɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɪɚɞɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɬ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴ ɟɤɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɨ ɩɨɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɢɫɤ [53].

Ɋɢɫɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɪɟ ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ [53].

Ɋɢɫɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ – ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ [53].

Ɋɢɫɤ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸ ɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ [53].

Ɋɢɫɤ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ – ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɤɚɡɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ ɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ [53].

Ɋɢɫɤ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ – ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɨɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ [48].

Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ – ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚ ɧɢɹ [58].

Źɋ

ɋɚɛɨɬɚɠ – ɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ [124].

ɋɛɨɣ – ɫɚɦɨɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɨɬɤɚɡ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɨɬɤɚɡ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ [37].

81

ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨ-

ɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɡɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɦɭɮɬ ɫɟɞɥɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɜɨɞɨɜ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ [19].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɋɜɚɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜɵɞɟ ɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ [19].

ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɫɬɵɤ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɡɴɟɦ ɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɪɰɚɦɢ [19].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɉɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɰɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɞɚɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ [19].

ɋɜɚɪɳɢɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɚɪɳɢɤ ɝɚɡɨɫɜɚɪɳɢɤ – ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ [106].

ɋɜɚɪɳɢɤ-ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ – ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ [19].

ɋɜɟɱɚ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ [37].

ɋɜɟɱɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɨɱɧɚɹ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɨɣ [62].

ɋɜɢɳ – ɞɟɮɟɤɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɦ ɲɜɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɬɟɱɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ [126].

ɋɜɨɞ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɧɚɥɚɞɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɯɪɚ ɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɥɚ ɦɟɧɬɨɜ [46].

82

ɋɜɹɡɶ ɡɚɥɟɠɟɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ – ɫɜɹɡɶ ɡɚɥɟɠɟɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ

(ɝɚɡɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɥɟɠɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ (ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɡɚɥɟɠɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ (ɝɚɡɚ [65].

ɋɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɟ – ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɚɥɵ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɯɨɞɧɵ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱ ɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ [56].

ɋɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɫɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ [46].

ɋɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ – ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɫɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ [46].

ɋɟɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɦɟɠɩɨɫɟɥɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɬɤɥɸ ɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ȽɊɋ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨ ɜɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ [17].

ɋɟɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ-ɜɜɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ [2].

ɋɟɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭ ɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɣ ɨɧɚ ɢ ɬ ɞ [26].

ɋɟɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɭɩɢɤɨɜɚɹ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɤɨɧɟɱ-

ɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɝɚɡ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ȽɊɋ ɢ ɥɢ ɲɟɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ȽɊɋ [76].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɭɩɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɝɚɡɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ [76].

ɋɟɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟ ɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ

83

ɝɚɡɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ [2].

ɋɟɬɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɚɡɨɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ [29].

ɋɟɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ – ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦ ɫɟɬɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɚɡɨɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟ-

ɧɢɹ [29].

ɋɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɡɚɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ – ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɨ ɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ [2].

ɋɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɟ ɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ [5].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ – ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹ ɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ [5].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ – ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴ ɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ [ ].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ– ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨ ɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ [91].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ

84

ɫɟɬɢ ɞɨ ɝɚɡɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ ɧɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ [18].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɚɹ ȿɋȽ – ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɲɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɲɟɣ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ [37].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ȿɞɢɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɫɭ ɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ȿɋȽ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɞɨ ɛɵɱɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɝɚɡɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ȿɋȽ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ [37].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ – ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹ ɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɟɡɚ ɜɢɫɢɦ ɨɬ ȿɞɢɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴ ɟɤɬɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɲɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɲɟɣ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ [37].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ-ɨɬɜɨɞɵ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɭ ɝɚɡɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ > @.

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ [37].

85

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟ ɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ [37].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɡɚ ɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɝ ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ [73].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚ ɥɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟ ɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ [ ].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɹ ɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ [37].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜ ɢɯ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨ-ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ [95].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɋɉȾ VXEVHD SURGXFWLRQ V\VWHP – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɞ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɶɟɜ [99].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ ɥɹɦɢ [7].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɭ [73].

86

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɝɚɡɚ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɲɥɟɣɮɨɜ ɨɬ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɞɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɭɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɨɬ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɞɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭ ɠɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɩɨ ɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ [63].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɩɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ [71].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɫɟɪ ɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ [46].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɥɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɥɟɦɟ ɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ [24].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɚɹ – ɜɨɞɹɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɨɞɚ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɩ ɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɢɡ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ [7].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ – ɜɨɞɹɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɨɞɚ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɭɠɞ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ [7].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɷɬɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ [78].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɋɍȽ – ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɍȽ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɚɯ [64].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɨ ɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɸ [7].

87

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɹɦɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ-

ɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ [22].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɮɚɤɟɥɶɧɚɹ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɭɱ ɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɨɬ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɪ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɞɭɜɤɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɵ ɝɚ ɡɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɩɭɫɤ ɧɚɥɚɞɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ [37].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ– ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɢ ɧɟɠɢɜɵɟ ɟɟ ɷɥɟ ɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨ ɛɨɣ ɨɛɦɟɧɨɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ [48].

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ – ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɤɨɧ ɬɪɨɥɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ [62].

ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɲɬɚɬɧɚɹ – ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ [64].

ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɚɹ – ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚ ɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɥɢ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɠɟɪɬɜɵ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ [37].

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɚ – ɝɨɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟ ɫɤɭɸ ɝɨɪɧɭɸ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɛɫɚɠɟɧ ɧɭɸ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɰɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɦɢ ɬɪɭɛ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹ-

88

ɸɳɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɵ ɫ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɟɞɪ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɞɪ [63].

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɚ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ – ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɨ ɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɟɞɪ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɢ ɫɨɩɭɬ ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ [88].

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ– ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɜɨɞɵ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɚɪɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ [88].

ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨ-ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɚɹ ȺȾɋ – ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢ-

ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɡɚɹɜɨɤ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɢ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɧɢ [80].

ɋɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ – ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵ ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ ɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɣɤɚɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɟɝɨ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ

1.ɇɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ

2.ȼ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨ ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟª ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɭɛɨɣ ɤɚɥɶɤɢ ɫ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ RFFXSDWLRQDO DFFLGHQW ɤɚɤ «ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣª [87].

ɋɦɟɫɶ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ – ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɦɢ ɝɚ ɡɚɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɦɢ ɩɵɥɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɜɡɨɪɜɚɬɶɫɹ [50].

89

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ – ɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɳɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶ [71].

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɨɟ – ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ [58].

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɧɟɪɚɡɴɟɦɧɨɟ – ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɚɣɤɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɫɜɚɪɤɨɣ ɜɫɬɵɤ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ©ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɫɬɚɥɶª ɢ ɬ ɩ [37].

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɪɚɡɴɟɦɧɨɟ – ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɮɥɚɧɰɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɶɛɟ [37].

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɟ – ɬɪɭɛɧɚɹ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ [23].

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɵɤɨɜɵɟ – ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɬɨɪɰɟɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɲɨɜ ɢ ɡɨɧɭ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ [54].

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɥɚɧɰɟɜɨɟ – ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɨɤ ɢɡ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɠɚɬɵɯ ɤɪɟɩɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ [54].

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ – ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ [37].

ɋɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟ Ƚɋ – ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɪɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɯɨɡɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨ ɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ [37].

ɋɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ – ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚ ɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ [113].

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