Словарь газовика

ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɦɟɠɩɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɣ – ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɤɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɦɟ ɪɟɧɢɣ [108].

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɫɤɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ – ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚ ɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɪ ɮɪɢɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ [95].

ɂɧɰɢɞɟɧɬ – ɨɬɤɚɡ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ [2].

ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɚ [85].

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ – ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ [37].

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ – ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɬɪɟ-

ɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ [37].

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɟ – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ [37].

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ – ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ-

ɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ [37].

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ [37].

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ – ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨ ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ [37].

31

ɂɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ – ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ [38].

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɝɚɡɚ – ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ [2].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ʉ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɡɚɦɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɬ ɩ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɫɠɢɠɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɣ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɝɚɡ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɨɬɛɟɧɡɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ [2].

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ – ɬɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɫɠɢɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɬɟɩ ɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ [ ].

ŹɄ

Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɣ – ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɧɭɫɨɜɭɸ ɤɥɟɦɦɭ ɢɫ ɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɚɹ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɥɸ ɫɨɜɭɸ ɤɥɟɦɦɭ – ɫ ɚɧɨɞɧɵɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɨɞɧɚɹ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ [71].

Ʉɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɹ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɯɥɨɩɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɭɡɵɪɶ ɤɨɜ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɲɭɦɨɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɞɚɪɚɦɢ [101].

Ʉɚɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ – ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɩɪɢ-

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɨɱɢɫɬ ɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ [37].

Ʉɚɧɚɥ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸ ɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ [90].

32

Ʉɚɪɤɚɫ – ɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɬɹɧɭɬ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ [19].

Ʉɚɪɨɬɚɠ – ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɢ ɜ ɨɤɨ ɥɨɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɭ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢ ɧɚɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ [121].

Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɧɚɹ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ɨɛɯɨɞɚ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ [24].

Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ [38].

Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬ-

ɤɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɚɧɬɪɨ ɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɢɫɤɚ [62].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ [62].

Ʉɚɬɭɲɤɚ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɚɹ – ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɜɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɵɦɢ ɫɬɵɤɚɦɢ [37].

Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ [35].

Ʉɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ – ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ [111].

Ʉɜɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ [90].

Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ – ɬɢɩ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɥɟ ɦɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [67].

33

Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣ ɫɬɜɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟ ɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ [17].

Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɉɁɄ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ-

ɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɨɪ ɝɚɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ [5].

Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ – ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ ɧɢɟɦ [37].

Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɉɋɄ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚ ɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ [5].

Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ [58].

Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ ɬɟɪɦɨɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ – ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɠɚɪɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ [8].

Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ – ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ [15].

Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ – ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɜɟ ɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɵɥɟɜɨɡɞɭɲ ɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ [95].

Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚ-

ɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ [106].

Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ – ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ [68].

Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚ-

ɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ [20].

34

Ʉɨɥɨɧɤɚ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɚɹ – ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɋɍȽ ɝɚɡɨɛɚɥɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ ɛɚɡɵ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ [64].

Ʉɨɥɨɧɤɚɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ – ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣ-

ɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɋɍȽ ɚɜɬɨɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪ ɜɭɚɪɨɜ ɛɚɡɵ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ [64].

Ʉɨɥɨɧɤɚ ɫɥɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬ ɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ – ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɢɜɚ ɋɍȽ ɢɡ ɚɜɬɨɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ ɛɚɡɵ ɯɪɚɧɟ-

ɧɢɹ [64].

Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɝɚɡɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɤ ɞɨɠɢɦɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦ [37].

Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ – ɝɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚɹ ɜɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ [65].

Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ – ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɨɞɚɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ [62].

Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ-ɭɩɨɪ – ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɬɪɚɩɟɰɟɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ [62].

Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɞɟ ɥɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ [111].

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨ-ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ – ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨ-

ɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹ ɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢɢɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɫɪɟ ɠɢɦɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ [126].

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ [48].

35

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦ [90].

Ʉɨɦɩɨɡɢɬ – ɫɦ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ

Ʉɨɦɩɪɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨ-

ɪɚ [38].

Ʉɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ– ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɚɲɢɧɚɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɞɚɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [116].

Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ – ɫɦɟɫɶ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ [65].

Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɯ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ [37].

Ʉɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ –

ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯ ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ [93].

Ʉɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ [64].

Ʉɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɡɨɬɚ – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɆȽ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɭɲɤɟ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɞɨ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ [100].

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ – ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ [36].

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɚɹ – ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ [77].

36

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ – ɫɦ Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɣ ɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜ ɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ [128].

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ – ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟ ɫɬɜɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟ ɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ [89].

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ TXDOLW\ FRQWURO – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ [85].

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɣ – ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ [5].

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɉɗɄ – ɜɢɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɪɨ ɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛ ɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [35].

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶ ɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɜɰɟɥɹɯɩɪɨ ɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ – ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɥɢɰɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ [103].

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ – ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ [89].

37

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɟɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɢ ɧɨɪ ɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [35].

Ʉɨɧɬɭɪ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɢ ɚɜ ɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɭ ɢɫɤɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɦɨ ɞɭɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɨɧ ɬɭɪ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ [9].

Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɜɨɡ ɞɭɯɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɚɹ 20 ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ [5].

Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɫ ɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ [35].

Ʉɨɧɮɭɡɨɪ – ɫɭɠɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭ ɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ [102].

Ʉɨɪɢɞɨɪɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ– ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚ ɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɨɞ ɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɫɫɟ [37].

Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɨɪ – ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨ ɜɢɹɦ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɢɣ [122].

Ʉɨɪɪɨɡɢɹ – ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɯɢɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɚ ɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɚɥɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ [110].

38

Ʉɨɪɪɨɡɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ – ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɯɢ ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [11].

Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɜɨɞɨɝɪɟɣɧɵɣ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɬɨɩɤɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɠɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɧɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣ ɫɬɜɚ [ ].

Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ – ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ [5].

Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɣ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɬɨɩɤɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɠɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɚ ɬɟɩ ɥɨɬɚ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɫ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɧɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ [ ].

Ʉɨɬɟɥ-ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ – ɩɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɝɪɟɣɧɵɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɛɟɡ ɬɨɩɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɬɨɩ ɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɝɨ ɪɹɱɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ [5].

Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯɷɧɟɪɝɨɭɫɬɚɧɨ ɜɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɞɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɤɨɬɥɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɜ ɬ ɱ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ [105].

Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɥɨɱɧɨ-ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɚɹ ȻɆɄ – ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ [7].

Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɥɨɱɧɨ-ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ – ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ [6].

Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɥɨɱɧɨ-ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ – ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨ ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɧɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟ [6].

Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɥɨɱɧɨ-ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ – ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ [6].

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Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ – ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɞɟ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɬɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤȼɬ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ [5].

Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ – ɤɨɬɟɥ ɤɨɬɥɨɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɩɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɹɝɨɞɭɬɶɟɜɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɭɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɚɣɡɟ ɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ [7].

Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɨɬɧɨ-

ɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɫɬɢ [37].

Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ ɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ [37].

Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɄɉȾ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɢɫɩɨɥɶ-

ɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ [10].

Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɟɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ [62].

Ʉɪɚɧ – ɬɢɩ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɬɟɥɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɪɚ ɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [67].

Ʉɪɚɧ ɤɨɧɭɫɧɵɣ – ɤɪɚɧ ɡɚɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɤɨɧɭɫɚ [78].

Ʉɪɚɧ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ – ɤɪɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ [38].

Ʉɪɚɧ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɣ – ɡɚɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ [38].

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