Словарь газовика

ɚ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɨɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɜɚ [43].

ȼɡɪɵɜɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɦ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ [126].

ȼɡɪɵɜɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟ ɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɩɚɫ ɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɦɨɜ ɜ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵ ɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɡɪɵɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɤɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ [36].

ȼɦɹɬɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ – ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɨɣ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ [77].

ȼɨɞɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɹ – ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɮɥɸɢɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɣ ɝɚɡ [88].

ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ – ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɯɨɡɹɣ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [35].

ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ – ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɝɪɨɡ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɡ ɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɩ. [38].

ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟɧɚɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ– ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɜɨɡ ɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɭɞɚɪɵ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɢ ɥɟɬɹɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ ɩ ɩɨɠɚɪɵ ɢ ɞɪ [38].

ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ – ɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɜ ɢɥɢ

11

ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ [44].

ȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞ – ɤɚɧɚɥ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚ ɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ [ ].

ȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ – ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ [37].

ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ [41].

ȼɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ – ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ [41].

ȼɪɟɦɹ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ ɝɚɡɨɝɨɪɟɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ – ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɦɨ ɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɝɨɪɟɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ [8].

ȼɵɛɪɨɫ – ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟ ɧɢɟɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ [31].

ȼɵɛɪɨɫ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ – ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨɟ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɮɨɧɬɚɧ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɮɨɧɬɚɧ [65].

ȼɵɛɪɨɫɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ– ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɪɨ ɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɟɞɢɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɨɛ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɲɢɣ ɤ ɩɪɢɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ [37].

ȼɵɛɪɨɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ – ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɩɨ ɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɨɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ [32].

ȼɵɜɨɞ ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ [74].

12

ȼɵɪɟɡɤɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɪɟɡɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɫ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɟɟ ɛɟɡɞɟɮɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ [77].

ȼɵɯɨɞ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ – ɞɜɟɪɶ ɥɸɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɶ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɚɫɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɫɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢ ɷɜɚɤɭ ɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɟ [50].

ȼɵɯɨɞ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ – ɜɵɯɨɞ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɶ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ [50].

ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ – ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚ ɛɨɬɤɭ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ [49].

ŹȽ

Ƚɚɡ – ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɚɧɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɫɟɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ [82].

Ƚɚɡ ɜɵɯɥɨɩɧɨɣ – ɋɦ Ƚɚɡ ɨɬɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ

Ƚɚɡ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡ ɚɡɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ ɞ [37].

Ƚɚɡ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ ɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɧɟɜɦɨɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɪɚɛɨɱɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ[126].

Ƚɚɡ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ – ɫɦɟɫɶ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜɵ ɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ [65].

Ƚɚɡ ɨɬɛɟɧɡɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɋɈȽ – ɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɣ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɝɚɡ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɝɚɡɭ [2].

Ƚɚɡ ɨɬɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɣ ɜɵɯɥɨɩɧɨɣ – ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɢ

ɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ [32].

13

Ƚɚɡ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɣ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɉɇȽ – ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɲɚɩɤɟ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɱɟ ɪɟɡ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ [2].

Ƚɚɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟ-

ɧɢɹ – ɝɨɪɸɱɚɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ ɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [2].

Ƚɚɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɋɉȽ – ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [83].

Ƚɚɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɠɚɬɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɝɨ ɪɚɧɢɹ – ɝɨɪɸɱɚɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ ɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟ ɥɟɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠ ɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ [37].

Ƚɚɡ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɨɣ – ɫɠɚɬɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɚɡɨɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɭɠɞ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ [76].

Ƚɚɡ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ – ɫɠɚɬɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɩ ɥɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɭɠɞ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧ-

ɰɢɣ [76].

Ƚɚɡ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɋɍȽ – ɫɦ Ƚɚɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɠɢɠɟɧ

ɧɵɣ ɋɉȽ

Ƚɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ – ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɨ ɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢ ɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣ ɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ ɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ [ ].

Ƚɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ – ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɞɨɜ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɞɭ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɝɚɡɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟ ɧɢɸ ɝɚɡɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɥ ɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ [9].

14

Ƚɚɡɨɧɟɮɬɟɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ – ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɚ [87].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ – ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚ-

ɡɚ [62].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɡ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɞɵ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ-ɜɜɨɞ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɜɜɨɞɧɨɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ-ɜɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɮɭɬɥɹɪɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɟɧɭ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɜɧɟɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ – ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ ɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ ɬɟɥɸ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɜɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ [5].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɢɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ [36].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɨ ɬɪɟɛɟɥɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹ ɬɢɹ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ-

ɛɨɪ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɞɧɨɧɢɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

15

ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫ ɥɭɩɢɧɝɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞɵ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɨɢɡ ɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɡ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɜɨɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɦɚɧɟɜɪɟɧɧɵɣ – ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɦɟɠɩɨɫɟɥɤɨɜɵɣ – ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨ ɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɧɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɦɧɨɝɨɧɢɬɨɱɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɡɚ ɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɣ – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɞ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɫɵɩɢ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɣ – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɵɩɢ ɨɛɜɚɥɨɜɤɟ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ – ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɧɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ [17].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɬɟɪ ɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɝɚɡ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɢɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɨɞɧɨɧɢɬɨɱɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ-ɨɬɜɨɞ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɬ ɦɚ ɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɦ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧ ɧɵɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ [37].

16

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ-ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɚ – ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨ ɞɨɜ-ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɟɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɦɟɠɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɢ [126].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɣ– ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣɩɨɞɧɭɢɥɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɣ – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɜɚɥɨɜɚɧɢɢ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɩɨɞɝɨ ɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɦɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜ ɳɢɤɚ ɞɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɨɱɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɚ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɬɪɭɛ ɛɟɡ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɥɟ ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱ ɧɢɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ-ɜɜɨɞɚ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɨɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬ ɪɨɦ ɬɪɭɛ ɫ ɨɬɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɤ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ ɝɚɡɚ ɥɭɩɢɧɝɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɚɦɢ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ– ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɟɥ ɫ ɦɚ ɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɡɚɜɨɞɨɦ [37].

17

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɬɟɥɟɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɬɪɭɛ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɝɚɡɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ ɞ [76].

Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ-ɲɥɟɣɮ – ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚ ɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɨɬ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɤɭɫɬɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɩɨɞɡɟɦ ɧɵɯ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɤɭɫɬɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬ [62].

Ƚɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ – ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ [2].

Ƚɚɡɨɪɟɡɱɢɤ – ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɟɡɤɢ ɬɪɭɛ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɚɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɡ-

ɤɢ [106].

Ƚɚɡɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢ ɹɬɢɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ ɧɢɟ [37].

Ƚɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ – ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨɛɵɱɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɚɦ ɝɚɡɚ [13].

Ƚɚɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ – ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜɵɞɟ ɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɝɚɡɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɞɟɝɚɡɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ [65].

Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɹ – ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɢɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ [65].

Ƚɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɟ [76].

18

Ƚɢɥɶɡɚ – ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ ɬɪɭɛɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ [88].

Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɚ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ [37].

Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ – ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧ ɬɪɨɥɹɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɨɩɥɢɜɚɢɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞ ɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ [37].

Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ƚɂɂ ɫ ɬɟɦɧɵɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ – ɝɚ ɡɨɜɚɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ [37].

Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ƚɂɂ ɫɨ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ –

ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɧɠɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɠɢɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɝɚɡ ɛɟɡ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɟɥɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɫɚɞɤɟ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ [37].

Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ – ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ [37].

Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɫ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ – ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɨɡɠɢɝ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨ ɧɚɥ [37].

Ƚɨɮɪ – ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɢɡɝɢɛɟ ɜ ɫɠɚɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɪɟɡ ɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ [77].

Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ – ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɢ [37].

Ƚɪɭɧɬɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɦɧɵɣ– ɝɪɭɧɬ ɫ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ Ɉɦ·ɦ

[11].

Ƚɪɭɧɬ ɦɟɪɡɥɵɣ – ɝɪɭɧɬ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɟ ɥɟɞɹɧɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɞ-ɰɟɦɟɧɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɪɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ [85].

19

Ƚɪɭɧɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ – ɝɪɭɧɬ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɨ ɥɨɫɟ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ [85].

Ƚɪɭɧɬ ɦɹɝɤɢɣ – ɩɟɫɨɤ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɵɥɟɜɚɬɵɣ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɦ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50 ɚ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɦ [85].

Ƚɪɭɧɬ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ – ɝɪɭɧɬ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɯɢ ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ [85].

Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɯɨɪɨ ɲɟɣ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɟɣ ɤ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɫɥɨɸ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɤɪɵ ɬɢɹ [110].

Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɤɚ – ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɟ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚ ɫɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɟɣ ɤ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɹɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟ-

ɦɵ [110].

ŹȾ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟ ɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɟ ɤ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ [73].

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ – ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭ ɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ [54].

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ – ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɵ ɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ [58].

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ – ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɥ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɭɸ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢ ɤ ɧɟɣ [62].

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɟ – ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɝɚɡ ɧɚɫɵɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɵ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨ ɪɨɞɨɜ [60].

20