Словарь газовика

ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ – ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪ ɝɢɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɚɯ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɯ ɤɪɚɧɚɯ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɚɯ ɨɬɜɨɞɚɯ [126].

ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ – ɛɚɡɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤ ɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ[73].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɨɣɤɜɚɧɬɢɥɢɧɚɧɢɠɧɟɦɤɪɚɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɥɹɦɟɫɬ ɧɨɣɩɨɬɟɪɢɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡ ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ ɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɸɸ ɤɜɚɧɬɢɥɶ [73].

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ [31].

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ [31].

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɟ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤ ɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ [41].

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɢɹɦɢɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣɧɚɨɛɴɟɤɬ [47].

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɟ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ [41].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨ ɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ [41].

91

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨ ɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ [41].

ɋɨɫɭɞ – ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɢ ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɢɯɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɟɣɫɨɫɭɞɚɹɜ ɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚ [54].

ɋɨɫɭɞ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ – ɫɨɫɭɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ [54].

ɋɨɫɭɞ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɣ – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɭɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ [54].

ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ – ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [41].

ɋɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶ – ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨ-ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ [87].

ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ – ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨ ɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɜɚ [97].

ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ – ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ [56].

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɪɹɞɧɵɣ – ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɞɪɹɞɚ [127].

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ – ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɞ ɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ [127].

ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ – ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɤɨ-

ɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬ ɪɚɯ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ [37].

ɋɪɟɞɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ – ɫɦɟɫɶ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ

ɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɵɥɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɤɨɬɨ-

92

ɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ [67].

ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɡɚɳɢɬɵ– ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɪɟɣɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɡɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɨɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɇɨɧɬɚɠ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ [85].

ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ – ɬɟɯ ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ [106].

ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɢ – ɷɬɚɥɨɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ-

ɦɢ [107].

ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɦɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ ɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ [106].

ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɛɚɥɥɚɫɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɛɚɥɥɚɫɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟ ɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɨɥɨɬɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞɵ [62].

ɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵ– ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɢɥɢɟɟɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ [20].

ɋɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ – ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ [37].

ɋɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ – ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɟɱ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɨɤ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ – ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ [110].

93

ɋɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ GHVLJQ OLIH – ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚ ɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵª ɢ «ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɨ ɨɬɤɚɡɚ 077) ª ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɬɤɚɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɢɯ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ

ɋɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ – ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ [5].

ɋɪɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ – ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɡɨɬɤɚɡɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɦ ɪɚ ɛɨɱɟɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɢɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ[125].

ɋɪɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ – ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟ-

ɥɹ [56].

ɋɪɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ – ɫɪɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ [72].

ɋɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɝɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞ ɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɨɜ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɭɩɪɭɝɨ ɞɟɦɩɮɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɜ ɞɟɦɩɮɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɯ [75].

ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɧɚɥɚɞɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟ ɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɟ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɢɯ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ [46].

ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ – ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɡɚɰɢɟɣ [46].

94

ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ – ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚ ɧɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ [46].

ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ – ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ ɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ [46].

ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ– ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɰɟɥɹɯɢɯɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹɧɚɞɨɫɬɢ ɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵ ɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ [46].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɚɡɨɡɚɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɚɹ ȺȽɁɋ – ɚɜɬɨɡɚɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɝɚɡɨɦ [37].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ [37].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ Ƚɇɋ – ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɚɯ ɢ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɚɯ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɨɜ [17].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ȽɊɋ – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɤ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜ ɨɞɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ

1.Ƚɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɚ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ

2.ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɝɢɞɪɚ ɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɞɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨ ɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ [91].

95

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɚɹ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɧɨɞɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɡɟɦɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɢ ɞɪ ɩɪɢ ɤɚ ɬɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ [71].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚ ɧɟɧɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɢɬɚ-

ɧɢɹ [71].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɚɹ Ʉɋ – ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɢ ɩɟ ɪɟɤɚɱɤɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ [71].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɚɹɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ– ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹɩɨɜɵɲɟ ɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶ ɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ [118].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɚɹ ɞɨɠɢɦɧɚɹ ȾɄɋ – ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ [37].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ – ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɤɢ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ ɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ [71].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ – ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ [90].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɋɈȽ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭ ɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɦɟɪɡɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ «ɪɚɫɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹª ɭɦɟɧɶ ɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ [74].

ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɋɉɏȽ – ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɉɏȽ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚ ɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɏȽ [37].

96

ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɞɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɞɨɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɟ ɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɚɯɚ [14].

ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ [89].

ɋɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɤɨɦɩɪɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟ ɧɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɪɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ [102].

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ – ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟɞɥɹɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɧɚɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ [62].

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ – ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢ-

ɤɢ [24].

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ –

ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ ɫɬɢɤɢ [24].

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɛ ɪɚɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɵ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚɦɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ ɜɚɸɬɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ-ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɫɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ [24].

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ –

ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɝɚɡɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ [2].

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɯɟ-

ɦɵ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

97

ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɯɪɚɧɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ [24].

ŹɌ

Ɍɟɥɨ ɬɪɭɛɵ – ɜɫɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɜɚ ɲɜɨɜ ɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ [68].

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ – ɫɚɦɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ [73].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ⱦɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ [73].

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ – ɫɚɦɚɹ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟ ɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ [73].

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ⱦɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ [73].

Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ – ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɞɢ ɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ [9].

Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ «ȼ» – ɬɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɭ ɫ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɟ ɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɥɟɧ [10].

Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ «ɋ» – ɬɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɵɦɨɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɡ ɞɭɯɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɞɵɦɨɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɝɚ ɡɨɩɥɨɬɧɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ [10].

Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ – ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɟɠɢɥɨɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚ ɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ [ ].

Ɍɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɸ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ [10].

98

Ɍɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɭɠɞ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɞɢ ɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɭɠɞ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹ-

ɬɢɣ [7].

Ɍɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ – ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟ ɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ [7].

Ɍɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɨɟ – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɬɨɩɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱ ɧɢɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ – ɬɟɩɥɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟ ɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ [10].

Ɍɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ – ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɥɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ [7].

Ɍɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɪɟɧɢɟ – ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ [110].

Ɍɨɤ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ – ɬɨɤ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɫɜɚ ɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪ [71].

Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚɫɬɟɧɤɢɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ– ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɬɨɥ ɳɢɧɵ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɪɚɜɧɚɹ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɡɚ ɜɵ ɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɢɧɭɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ [62].

Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ – ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ [62].

Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ – ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɪɚɫ ɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ [62].

Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ – ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ [16].

99

Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ – ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ [2].

Ɍɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɭɤɚ ɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ [20].

Ɍɪɚɤɬ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɵɦɨ- ɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɨɩɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɝɚɡɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ [5].

Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɚɥɶɧɢɣ – ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨ ɞɚɦ [37].

Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɝɚɡɚ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ – ɜɢɞ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟ ɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ [126].

Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ – ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨ ɝɚɡɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ [12].

Ɍɪɚɧɲɟɹ – ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɟɦɤɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɬɪɚɩɟɰɢɟɜɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ [85].

Ɍɪɚɫɫɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶ ɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɦ [19].

Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ – ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɤ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɤ ɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [35].

Ɍɪɨɣɧɢɤ – ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɣ [126].

Ɍɪɭɛɚ – ɩɨɥɵɣ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɫ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɨɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ [69].

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