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3.4. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɪɥ

ɋɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ T ɫɜɟɪɥ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 3.2.

	ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ T ɫɜɟɪɥ (ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɚɯ)					Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.2
	ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ T ɫɜɟɪɥ (ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɚɯ)
			Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ	ɋɬɚɥɶ		ɑɭɝɭɧ, ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɵ
ɫɜɟɪɥɚ D,	ɋɜɟɪɥɚ		ɋɜɟɪɥɚ		ɋɜɟɪɥɚ
ɦɦ	ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ		ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ		ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ
	ɫɬɚɥɢ		ɫɬɚɥɢ		ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ

5		7		12		–
10		12		21		6
15	14	– 20	25	– 30		7
20	18	– 22	32	– 40	7	– 8
25	20	– 25	40	– 50	10	– 12
30	25	– 30	50	– 55	12	– 17
40	40	– 50	75	– 85		–
60	60	– 90	105	– 160		–
80	120	– 230	210	– 400		–

3.5. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ X (ɦ/ɦɢɧ) ɩɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:

1) ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɦɚɥɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɇȼ < 155:


X	C Dz	HBn1		;	(3.4)
	T m t x		s y

2) ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɇȼ t 155 ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ:

X				C Dz				,	(3.5)
	T	m	t	x	s	y	n
							HB 1

ɝɞɟ C – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ;

D – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ, ɦɦ;

s – ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɦɦ/ɨɛ;

z, m, x, y, n1 – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ.

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ m, x, y, z ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3.3, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ C ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ n1 – ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.5. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɟɪɥ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ 9ɏɋ, ɍ10Ⱥ ɢ ɍ12Ⱥ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 0,3–0,5 ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɟɪɥ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.3

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ m, x, y, z, n

		ɋɬɚɥɶ, ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ
									ɑɭɝɭɧ ɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɚ
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ	ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɵ

	m		x	y		z	n	m	x	y	z	n
1	2		3	4	5		6	7	8	9	10	11
Ʉ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ	ɞɥɹ		ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ
ɋɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɟɫɜɟɪɥɚɦɢɢɡɫɬɚɥɟɣɊ9 ɢɊ18:	0,2		0	0,7	0,65		–	0,125	0	0,65	0,60	–
D d 10 ɦɦ	0,2		0	0,7	0,65		–	0,125	0	0,65	0,60	–
D > 10 ɦɦ	0,2		0	0,50	0,40		–	0,125	0	0,40	0,25	–
ɋɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ	–		–	–		–	–	0,4	0	0,5	0,5	–
	–		–	–		–	–	0,4	0	0,5	0,5	–
ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ

Ɋɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚɦɢ	0,2		0,2	0,5		0,40	–	0,125	0,1	0,40	0,25	–
	0,2		0,2	0,5		0,40	–	0,125	0,1	0,40	0,25	–
ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ

Ʉ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɋɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚɦɢ	–		0	0,70		1,0	0,75	–	0	0,80	1,0	0,6
	–		0	0,70		1,0	0,75	–	0	0,80	1,0	0,6
ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ

ɋɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ	–		–	–		–	–	–	0	0,85	0,75	0,6
	–		–	–		–	–	–	0	0,85	0,75	0,6
ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ

Ɋɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚɦɢ	–		1,3	0,70		–	0,75	–	1,2	0,4	–	0,6
	–		1,3	0,70		–	0,75	–	1,2	0,4	–	0,6
ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ

Ʉ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ	ɞɥɹ		ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ
ɋɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚɦɢ	–		0	0,80		2,0	0,70	–	0	0,80	2,0	0,6
	–		0	0,80		2,0	0,70	–	0	0,80	2,0	0,6
ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ

ɋɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ	–		–	–		–	–	–	0	1,0	2,4	0,6
	–		–	–		–	–	–	0	1,0	2,4	0,6
ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ

Ɋɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚɦɢ	–		0,90	0,80		1,0	0,70	–	0,75	0,80	1,0	0,6
	–		0,90	0,80		1,0	0,70	–	0,75	0,80	1,0	0,6
ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɲɩɢɧɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɟɪɥɭ ɛóɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ.

ɉɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ l/D ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɭɦɧɨɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ K, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3.4.

								Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.4
	Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ K ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ
l/D	3	4	5	6	7	8	9		10

K	0,9	0,8	0,7	0,65	0,60	0,56	0,53		0,5

				42

3.6. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

ɋɢɥɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ Px, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɤȽ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ M, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɦ ɜ ɤȽāɦɦ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ, ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ.

ɋɢɥɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ Px (ɜ ɤȽ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ: 1) ɩɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɢ:

C Dz

s y HBn ;

(3.6)

2) ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ:

t x

s y HBn ,

(3.7)

ɝɞɟ x, y, z, n – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 3.3);

C1, C2 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 3.5).

Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ M (ɜ ɤȽāɦɦ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:

1) ɩɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɢ:

C Dz

s y HBn ;

(3.8)

2) ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ:

C4 Dz t x s y HBn ,

(3.9)

ɝɞɟ x, y, z, n – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 3.3);

C3, C4 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 3.5).

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.5

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ C, C1, C2, C3, C4, n1 ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ,

ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɟɪɥ

C ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ

C1 ɢC2 ɜɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ

C3 ɢ C4 ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ

ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ

ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ

ɋȻ

ɦɟɬɚɥɥ

D < 10

D t10

ɋɌ

Ɋ ɋȻ

ɋȻ

ɋɌ

Ɋ ɋȻ

ɋȻ

ɋɌ

Ɋ ɋȻ

ɦɦ

ɍɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ

0,9

0,041

0,10

–

0,168

1,50

–

0,62

0,80

–

1,83

HB < 155

Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ

0,9

540

1310

–

2175

1,35

–

0,56

0,72

–

1,65

HB = 140–230

ɍɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ

0,9

360

874

–

1450

1,50

–

0,62

0,80

–

1,83

HB = 155–265

Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ1

0,9

306

743

–

1230

1,80

–

0,74

0,96

–

2,20

HB = 155–340

Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 3.5

		C ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ				C1 ɢC2 ɜɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ				C3 ɢ C4 ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ
						ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ				ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

			ɋ				ɋ				ɋ
Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ	n1
	n1	ɋȻ

ɦɟɬɚɥɥ		D < 10	D t10	ɋɌ	Ɋ ɋȻ	ɋȻ		ɋɌ	Ɋ ɋȻ	ɋȻ		ɋɌ	Ɋ ɋȻ
		ɦɦ	ɦɦ

			C				C1		C2		C3		C4
Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ2	0,9	252	612	–	1015	1,80		–	0,74	0,96		–	2,20
HB = 155–340
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ	0,9	270	655	–	1090	1,65		–	0,68	0,87		–	2,00
HB = 155–340
ȼɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ	0	1,43	3,5	–	5,8	100		–	41	40		–	95
HB = 210–240
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ	0	1,15	2,8	–	4,65	100		–	41	40		–	95
ɫɬɚɥɶ ɢ ɫɬɚɥɶ
ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ

Ʌɚɬɭɧɶ	0	8,6	21,0	–	35,0	–		–	–	–		–	–
Ⱥɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ,	0	14,3	35,0	–	58,0	–		–	–	–		–	–
ɞɭɪɚɥɸɦɢɧ, ɫɢɥɭɦɢɧ	0	14,3	35,0	–	58,0	–		–	–	–		–	–
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ	0	17,3	42,0	–	70,0	–		–	–	–		–	–
ɑɭɝɭɧ	1,3	4000	11 40033 400		15 600	2,60		7,1	0,92	1,0		0,263	3,16
HB = 140–240	1,3	4000	11 40033 400		15 600	2,60		7,1	0,92	1,0		0,263	3,16
HB = 140–240
ɑɭɝɭɧ ɤɨɜɤɢɣ	1,3	5000	14 20041 700		19 500	2,60		7,1	0,92	1,0		0,263	3,16
HB = 120–200	1,3	5000	14 20041 700		19 500	2,60		7,1	0,92	1,0		0,263	3,16
HB = 120–200
Ȼɪɨɧɡɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ	0	13,0	37	–	50	–		–	–	–		–	–
	0	13,0	37	–	50	–		–	–	–		–	–
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɢ

Ȼɪɨɧɡɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ	0	6,5	18,5	–	25	–		–	–	–		–	–

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ɋȻ – ɫɜɟɪɥɚ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ; ɋɌ – ɫɜɟɪɥɚ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ; ɋ – ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɟ; Ɋ – ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ. Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ1 – ɯɪɨɦɢɫɬɚɹ, ɯɪɨɦɨɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɚɹ, ɯɪɨɦɨɧɢɤɟɥɶɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɨɜɚɹ, ɯɪɨɦɨɜɚɧɚɞɢɟɜɚɹ, ɯɪɨɦɨɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɨɜɚɹ.

Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ2 – ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɨɜɢɫɬɚɹ, ɤɪɟɦɧɟɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɨɜɢɫɬɚɹ, ɯɪɨɦɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɚɹ, ɯɪɨɦɨɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɚɹ, ɯɪɨɦɨɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɟɜɨɬɢɬɚɧɨɜɚɹ, ɯɪɨɦɨɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɨɜɚɹ.

3.7. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ Nɷ (ɤȼɬ) ɩɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ:

N	M n	,	(3.10)
	ɷ 1,36 716200

ɝɞɟ M – ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ, ɤȽāɦɦ;

n – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ, ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ;

n	1000 X	,	(3.11)
	S D

ɝɞɟ X – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ, ɦ/ɦɢɧ;

D – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ, ɦɦ.

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɟ ɫɬɚɧɤɚ Nɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.19).

3.8. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ T0 (ɦɢɧ) ɩɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ:

T	L		,	(3.12)

0	n	s

ɝɞɟ L – ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ (ɞɟɬɚɥɢ) ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ, ɦɦ; n – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ, ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ;

s – ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ, ɦɦ/ɨɛ.

L	y l y1 ,		(3.13)
ɝɞɟ y – ɜɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ, ɦɦ;
l – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ, ɦɦ;
y1 – ɩɟɪɟɛɟɝ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ, ɦɦ.
ȼɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ y ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:
1) ɩɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɢ:
y	D	ctgM ;	(3.14)
2) ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ:	2
2) ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ:
y 0,5 D d ctgM ,			(3.15)
ɝɞɟ D – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ, ɦɦ;
d – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ, ɦɦ;
M – ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ (ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ), ɝɪɚɞ.
ɉɟɪɟɛɟɝ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ (ɜ ɦɦ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
	y1	3 s ,	(3.16)
ɝɞɟ s – ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɦɦ/ɨɛ.

4.ɁȿɇɄȿɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ

4.1.Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜ

Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ.

Ʉɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ:

1)ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ Z;

2)ɡɚɞɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ D;

3)ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ J;

4)ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ M;

5)ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɤɪɨɦɤɢ O.

ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɟ [2] ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [3, 4].

4.2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ t ɩɪɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

t	D d	,	(4.1)
	2

ɝɞɟ t – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ, ɦɦ; D – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ, ɦɦ;

d – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ, ɦɦ.

4.3. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ

Ɉɛɨɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ s (ɦɦ/ɨɛ) ɩɪɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

	s C D0,6 ,				(4.2)
ɝɞɟ D – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ, ɦɦ;
C – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.1).
	Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ C				Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.1
	Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ C
		Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ C
	Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ		Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɞɚɱ

		ɩɟɪɜɚɹ		ɜɬɨɪɚɹ	ɬɪɟɬɶɹ

	ɋɬɚɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ HB < 160	0,190		0,140	0,095
	ɋɬɚɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ 160 d HB < 240	0,140		0,105	0,070
	ɋɬɚɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ 240 d HB d 300	0,105		0,079	0,052
	ɋɬɚɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ HB < 300	0,085		0,063	0,042
	ɑɭɝɭɧ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ HB d 170	0,250		0,190	0,125
46

Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 4.1

	Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ C
Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ		Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɞɚɱ

	ɩɟɪɜɚɹ		ɜɬɨɪɚɹ	ɬɪɟɬɶɹ

ɑɭɝɭɧ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ HB > 170	0,150		0,113	0,075
ɐɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɦɹɝɤɢɟ	0,330		0,250	0,170
ɐɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ	0,250		0,190	0,125

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɞɚɱ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ:

ɚ) ɥɢɬɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɜɚɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɠɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɱɟɪɧɨɜɵɦ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɦ; ɛ) ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦɫɜɟɪɥɨɦɢɥɢɪɟɡɰɨɦ, ɫɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɞɜɭɯɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɨɤ;

ɜ) ɥɢɬɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɜɚɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɶɛɵ, ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɪɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ ɱɢɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɦ.

ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɞɚɱ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ: ɚ) ɥɢɬɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɜɚɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ;

ɛ) ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɶɛɵ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɚɡɜɺɪɬɤɚɦɢ; ɜ) ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ (ɫɜɟɪɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɦ) ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟ-

ɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɺɪɬɤɢ.

Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɞɚɱ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ:

ɚ) ɥɢɬɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɜɚɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɦ ɫ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɤɨɣ.

ɉɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɝɥɭɯɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɞɧɚ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ, ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ s = 0,2–0,6 ɦɦ/ɨɛ.

4.4. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜ

ɋɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ T ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɟɪɥ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ (ɩ. 3.4, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.2).

4.5. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ X (ɦ/ɦɢɧ) ɩɪɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:

1) ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɦɚɥɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɇȼ d 155:

	C Dz	HBn1
X	X			;	(4.3)
	T m t x		s y

2) ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɇȼ > 155 ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ:

		C Dz
X				X			,	(4.4)
X	m	t	x	s	y	n	,	(4.4)
T		t		s		HB 1

ɝɞɟ CX – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ;

D – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ, ɦɦ;

T – ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ, ɦɢɧ; t – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ, ɦɦ;

s – ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɦɦ/ɨɛ;

z, m, x, y, n1 – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ.

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ m, x, y, z ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4.2, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ CX ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4.3, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ n1 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɟɪɥ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3.5.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.2 ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ m, x, y, z ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜ

		Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ

Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ	ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ					Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɫɩɥɚɜ

	m	x	x	z	m		x	x	z
ɋɬɚɥɶ, ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɵ	0,3	0,2	0,5	0,3	–		–	–	–
ɑɭɝɭɧ ɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɚ	0,125	0,1	0,4	0,2	0,4		0,1	0,45	0,4

				Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.3
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ CX ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ (4.3) ɢ (4.4)
	Ɂɟɧɤɟɪɵɢɡɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ		Ɂɟɧɤɟɪɵ ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ
Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ	ɫɬɚɥɢ Ɋ9 ɢ Ɋ18		ɫɩɥɚɜɨɦ ȼɄ8
	ɐɟɥɶɧɵɟ	ɇɚɫɚɞɧɵɟ	ɐɟɥɶɧɵɟ		ɇɚɫɚɞɧɵɟ

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ	0,226	0,2	–		–
ɜɹɡɤɚɹ, ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶ HB < 155	0,226	0,2	–		–
ɜɹɡɤɚɹ, ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶ HB < 155
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ, HB = 140–230	3000	2700	–		–

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɚɹ
ɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ, HB = 150–340,	2000	1800	–		–
Vɜɪ < 90 ɤȽ/ɦɦ2
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ,	1700	1535	–		–
HB = 155–265, Vɜɪ > 90 ɤȽ/ɦɦ2	1700	1535	–		–
HB = 155–265, Vɜɪ > 90 ɤȽ/ɦɦ2
ɍɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ	1500	1350	–		–

ȼɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ, HB = 210–240	8	7,2	–		–

Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɫɬɚɥɶ ɢ ɫɬɚɥɶ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ	6,4	5,75	–		–
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ HB = 210–240
	48

Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 4.3

	Ɂɟɧɤɟɪɵɢɡɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ		Ɂɟɧɤɟɪɵ ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ
Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ	ɫɬɚɥɢ Ɋ9 ɢ Ɋ18		ɫɩɥɚɜɨɦ ȼɄ8
	ɐɟɥɶɧɵɟ	ɇɚɫɚɞɧɵɟ	ɐɟɥɶɧɵɟ	ɇɚɫɚɞɧɵɟ

Ʌɚɬɭɧɶ	48	43	–	–

Ⱦɭɪɚɥɸɦɢɧ, ɫɢɥɭɦɢɧ, ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ	80	72	–	–

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ	96	86	–	–

ɑɭɝɭɧ, HB = 140–240	17 100	15 400	87 000	78 300

ɑɭɝɭɧ ɤɨɜɤɢɣ, HB = 120–200	21 400	19 000	108 700	97 900

Ȼɪɨɧɡɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɢ	56	50	–	–

Ȼɪɨɧɡɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ	28	25	–	–

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ K ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɥɢ Ɋ9 ɢ Ɋ18 K = 1,0; ɢɡ ɫɬɚɥɢ 9ɏɋ K = 0,5–0,6; ɢɡ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɍ10Ⱥ ɢ ɍ12Ⱥ

K = 0,3–0,5.

4.6. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

ɋɢɥɭ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɡɭɛ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɟɰ. ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɤɚɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɰɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɬɚɧɝɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ Pzi ɢ ɫɢɥɭ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ (ɨɫɟɜɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ) Pxi ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ i-ɬɨɝɨ ɡɭɛɚ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ Pz ɢ Px (ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ) ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɥ Pzi ɢ Pxi ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ z ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ.

Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ M (ɜ ɤȽāɦɦ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

M	Pz D	,
	2

ɝɞɟ Pz – ɬɚɧɝɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ, ɤȽ; D – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ, ɦɦ.

4.7. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ

ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ Nɷ (ɤȼɬ) ɩɪɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ:

M n

Nɷ 1,36 716200 ,

ɝɞɟ M – ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ, ɤȽāɦɦ;

n – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ, ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ;

(4.5)

(4.6)

n	1000 X	,	(4.7)
	S D

ɝɞɟ X – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ, ɦ/ɦɢɧ;

D – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɚ, ɦɦ.

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɟ ɫɬɚɧɤɚ Nɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.19).

4.8. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ T0 (ɦɢɧ) ɩɪɢ ɡɟɧɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ (ɩ. 3.8).

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