Психология личности. Учебное пособие

ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɬɨɦ ɱɬɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɨɞɟɪ ɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

Ɍɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɱɢɫɥɭɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯɩɫɢ ɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɢɯ ɩɫɢ ɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɇɚɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣɞɟɧɶɜɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ Ȼ Ɇ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɚ ɢ ȼ Ⱦ. ɇɟɛɵɥɢɰɵɧɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟ ɦɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɗ Ⱥ. Ƚɨɥɭɛɟɜɨɣ ɢ ȼ Ɇ. Ɋɭɫɚɥɨɜɚ

ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɩɨɞɨɛɳɢɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɬɟɧɰɢ ɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɱɟ ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟ ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɫɚ ɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɚɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɨɛɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɗɬɨɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɫ ɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ȼ Ɇ. Ɋɭɫɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɬɪɟɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɢɬɦɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

ɗ Ⱥ. Ƚɨɥɭɛɟɜɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɫɩɨ ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɉɨ ɟɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ©ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɧɵɟª ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵ ɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ©Ʌɟɜɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɧɵɟª ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɚ ɛɨɣ ɧɢɡɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɣɧɟɪɜɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɧɢɥɭɱɲɟɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ

Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭ ɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɹ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢ ɬɢɸ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɲɢ ɪɨɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡ ɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɬ ɝɟɧɨɬɢɩɚ ɱɟɦ ɨɬ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɧɨɡɢɝɨɬɧɵɯ

81

ɛɥɢɡɧɟɰɨɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ ɞɨ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚ ɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɗɗȽ ɢ ȼɉ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ

Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɤɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɩɨɞ ɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ȼ Ⱦ. ɒɚɞɪɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ⱦ Ȼ. Ȼɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɷɬɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ©ɜɨɛɪɚɥɚ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢª ɢ ©ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ©ɜɢɡɢɬɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɨɣª ɥɢɧɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɨ ɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢª ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ

ȼ Ⱦ. ɒɚɞɪɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜɟɳɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢ ɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ©ɬɨɩɨɪ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɪɭɛɢɬɶ ɞɟɪɟɜɨª ©ɚɬɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɞɟ ɥɢɬɶɫɹª ɢ ɬ ɞ ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɋɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɨɫɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɬɪɚ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɳɭɳɚɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɪɢ ɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɬ ɞ

Ɇɨɡɝ – ɷɬɨ ɫɭɩɟɪɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɞɢ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ ɥɚɫɶɜɯɨɞɟɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɉɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚ ɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

ɉɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɦɟɪɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɋɥɟɞɨ ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶ ɧɭɸɦɟɪɭɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɭɸɫɹɜɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɫɜɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ȼ Ⱦ. ɒɚɞɪɢɤɨɜɚ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ȿɫɥɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ – ɷɬɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɨ ɷɥɟ ɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɩɟ ɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧ ɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɢ ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɢɡ ɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɧɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɚɦ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ

82

ɡɚɞɚɬɤɢ – ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ – ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ɂɚ ɞɚɬɤɢ – ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɬɢɯɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ȼ Ⱦ. ɒɚɞɪɢɤɨɜɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɞɟɢ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜɚ ɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧ ɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬ ɮɢɥɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɬɢɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɧɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɞɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟ ɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɢɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɮɭɧɤ ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɝɟɧɨɬɢɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

ɗɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ©ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɣª ɗɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨɜɯɨɞɟɟɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɣɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɪɢɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚ ɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚ ɫ ɜɨɡ ɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɜ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɵɟ

ɂɬɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ Ɉɧɢ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ©ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɱɟɥɨ ɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚª ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ

Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢ ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɯ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɸ Ɉɧɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧ ɧɵɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ©ɧɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹɜɫɚɦɨɦɦɨɡɝɟ … ɨɧɢɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢª ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ©ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶª ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɯɨɞ ɢɧ ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ

83

Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɞɟɹɯ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜɚ ȼ Ⱦ. ɒɚɞɪɢɤɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɧɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɤ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

Ɍɚɤɨɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬɪɟɲɢɬɶɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɫɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ

Ɉɞɚɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ȼ Ⱦ. ɒɚɞɪɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɹɜ ɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɇɟɪɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ

Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɚɹɚɧɚɥɢɡɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹɧɚɤɪɚɬɤɨɣɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ȼ ɇ. Ⱦɪɭɠɢɧɢɧɵɦ ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɨɛ ɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɧ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɨɫ ɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟ ɬɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɚ ɫɬɢɟɦ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɢ

Ɇ Ⱥ. ɏɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɟɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ȼ ɇ. Ⱦɪɭɠɢɧɢɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ Ɉɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɜɟɪ ɝɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɥɢ.

ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ɇ Ⱥ. ɏɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɟɛɹɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɨɡɦɨɠ ɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ

xɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ Ʉɚɤ

ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɨɧɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɤɚɥ Ⱦ. ȼɟɤɫɥɟɪɚ ɢ Ɋ. Ⱥɦɬɯɚɭɷɪɚ

xɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ Ɋɚɜɟɧɚ

xɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɲ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚ

84

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ©Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɢª ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡ ɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɹ ɢɯ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ

ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɥɢ – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɢɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɢ

ɂɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ȿɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢ ɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ

Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ Ʌɸɞɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟ ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ɩɨɞ ɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɂɯ ɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨ ɱɭɜ ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɨ ɫɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚ ɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ

Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ Ɉɧɢ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɵ ɚɧɚ ɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ

ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɬɢɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɥ ɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɇɭɠɧɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɭɳɟ ɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ȼ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ

ɗɩɢɫɬɟɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɢɥɢ – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɦɢɪɭ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚª ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ

ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ – ɷɬɨ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɫɜɨɸ ©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚª ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɂɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ

Ɋɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ – ɷɬɨ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚª ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɦɢ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɟɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ

Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ – ɷɬɨɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɣɜɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɦɚɤɫɢ ɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɸ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚ ɫɬɟɣ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ©ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚª ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɸ

ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ɇ Ⱥ. ɏɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɨ ɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ

86

ɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɢɥɢ ©ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢª – ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɟ ɩɨɧɹ ɬɢɹ ©ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪª

©ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ȼ ɇ. Ʉɭɧɢɰɵɧɨɣ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɹɜɥɹ ɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹª Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢ ©ɫɭɳɟ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢªɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɛɨɣɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɤɚɠɞɨɦɭɤɨɧ ɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɬɟɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩ ɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɟɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɦɟɠɞɭɧɢɦɤɚɤɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɢɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹ ɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɉɟɪɜɵɦ ɤɬɨ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɥɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɟ ɫɬɢ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɛɵɥ ɗɪɢɯ Ɏɪɨɦɦ

©ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ – ɩɢɫɚɥɨɧ – ɷɬɨɬɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɱɟɦɭ ɥɸɞɢ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚª Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ" Ɉɬɜɟɱɚɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɗ. Ɏɪɨɦɦ ɩɨɞɱɟɪ ɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɢɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜɨ-ɜɬɨ ɪɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɨɬɛɨɪɚɢɞɟɣɢɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚɜ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ

ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɭ ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ɫ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢ ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɧɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɗ. Ɏɪɨɦɦɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥ ɱɬɨ ©ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɚɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɛɵɜɚɟɬɨɞɧɨɣɢɬɨɣɠɟ ɢɛɨɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢɡɚɫɬɚɜ ɥɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɢ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɭª

Ɇɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɵɬɚɹɫɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɫɨɜɟɪ ɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɵ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɦ ɬɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɦɢɪɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɢ ɫɚ ɦɨɦɭ ɫɟɛɟ

Ɇɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ ©ɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪª ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚ ɦɵɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɤɪɭ ɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɑɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɭ ©ɛɟɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤª ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɥɢɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲ ɧɟɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɱɟɦ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɹɫɶ ɢɡ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɢ ɫɚ ɦɨɦɭ ɫɟɛɟ

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɱɟɦɭ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ

88

ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɱɟɦɭ-ɥɢɛɨ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɱɟɦɭ-ɬɨ ɤɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭɧɟɛɟɡɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ-ɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɬ ɱɟɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ

©ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɢ ɡɧɚ ɱɢɦɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟ ɥɨɜɟɤɚ – ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥ ɋ Ʌ. Ɋɭɛɢɧɲɬɟɣɧ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ ɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɹɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɦɢ ɪɨɦ ɋɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɛɟɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɫɟɛɟ ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɡɜɨ ɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɫɟɛɟ Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɤɥɸɱ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ

Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɹɫɶ ɜ ɠɢɡ ɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɞɪɭɝɢɯɥɸɞɟɣ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɧɬɪɚɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ ɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ Ʉɫɬɚɬɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɜ ɨɧɬɨ ɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɦɨɰɢɨ ɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɚɦ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɬ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ

ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ ɧɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ – ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ©ɞɟ ɥɨɜɵɯª ɱɟɪɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ Ɉɧɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɥɢɱ ɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ©ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯª ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɯ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɦɟɧɹ ɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ

89

ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɢɱ ɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ

ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɬɪɟɬɶɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ – ɷɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɟɛɟ Ɉɧɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɞɪɭ ɝɢɯ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ©əª-ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢ ɨɬɧɨ ɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɥɸɞɹɦ Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɨɩɵɬɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɬɚɤɢɯɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɪɟ ɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ Ɉɧɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧ ɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ

ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɰɟɥɨɫɬ ɧɨɫɬɶ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɢɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɠɢɬɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɬɢɩɚ ©ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣª ɢ ©ɩɥɨɯɨɣª ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɇɚɞɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ©ɩɥɨɯɨɣª ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ – ɷɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨ ɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɱɟɪɬ ɂ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ©ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣª ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ – ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɨɫ ɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɨɧɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɵ ©ɩɨɞɨɝɧɚɧɵª ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ

ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜ ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɱɟɪɬ ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɱɟɪɬɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɋɪɟɞɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɗ. Ɏɪɨɦɦɚ

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜɚ ɩɨɞ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨ ɲɟɧɢɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɭɎɪɨɦɦɚ– ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ Ɍɚɢɥɢɢɧɚɹɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɨɛɟ ɷɬɢ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɨ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ȼɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɚɹɫɪɟɞɚ ɥɸɞɢɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣɦɢɪɫɚ ɦɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɟɝɨ ©əª ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ ɧɢɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɱɟɪɬɚɯ ɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɚ Ⱦɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɮɪɨɦɦɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ©ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɛɥɚɝª ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɛɥɚɝ

ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɫɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ Ɏɪɨɦɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɥɢɬ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪ ɧɵɟɢɧɟɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɫɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɣɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɜɢɞɢɬɷɬɨɬɢɫɬɨɱ ɧɢɤ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɧ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɜɨɡ ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ʌɸɞɢɫ ɧɟɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɦɢɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɹɬɢɫɬɨɱ

90