Психология личности. Учебное пособие

ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɫɨɦɚɬɨɬɢɩ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ -6- ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɷɧɞɨɦɨɪɮɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɦɟɡɨɦɨɪɮɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɤɬɨɦɨɪɮɢɢ

ɂɡɭɱɢɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɰ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɦɚɬɨɬɢɩɭ ɍ. ɒɟɥɞɨɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɥɨɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ©ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ ɦɟɧɬɚª ɬɚɛɥ 1).

Ʉɚɠɞɵɣɬɢɩɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɱɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɫɦ ɬɚɛɥ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɱɟɪɬɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ -ɛɚɥɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɩɨ ɚɧɚ ɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɫɨɦɚɬɨɬɢɩɚ Ɍɚɤ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɫɰɟɪɨɬɨɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 7-1- ɤɪɚɣɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɦɚɬɨɬɨɧɢɤɚ – 1-7- ɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɝɨ ɰɟɪɟɛɪɨɬɨɧɢɤɚ – 1-1-7.

Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɚɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɬɦɟ ɬɢɦ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɦɚɬɨɬɢɩɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɪɟɞ ɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɚ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɷɬɚ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɜɟɫɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɚɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɬɨɦɨɪɮɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ

ɂɧɮɚɪɤɬ ɦɢɨɤɚɪɞɚ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɜɟɫɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨ ɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɩɢɤɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɷɧɞɨɦɨɪɮɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɇɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɹɪɤɨ ɩɪɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɬɟɥɨɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɱɟɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ

Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɚɹɜɢɜɲɢɣ ɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɜ – -ɟ ɝɨɞɵ XX ɜɟɤɚ ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜ ɬɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɝɟɧɨɬɢɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ Ɍɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

51

2.3. ǴȌȐȗȕȋȏȔȇȓȏȞȌȘȑȏȌ ȘȉȕȐȘșȉȇ ȏȔȋȏȉȏȋȇ

ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɭ ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɦɢ

ɂ ɉ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɢɩ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

ɗɬɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

xɫɢɥɚ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬ ɟ ɟɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ Ɉɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɧɨɫɥɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ

xɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ – ɷɬɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɭ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠ ɧɨɟ ɫɢɥɟ

xɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟ ɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ

xɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɵ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟ

ɧɢɹɢɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟɢɧɞɢ ɜɢɞɚ ɤ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɢ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ

ǹȇȈȒȏȝȇ

ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ

ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ Ȼ Ɇ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɚ ɢ ȼ Ⱦ. ɇɟɛɵɥɢɰɵɧɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧ ɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ – ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɚ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɢ ɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ

ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ – ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ȼ ɋ. Ɇɟɪɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɟɦ

53

ɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɨɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɟɪɜ ɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ

Ɍɚɤ ɫɢɥɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɧɨɫɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɯɪɚɛɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɥɨɫɬɢ ɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɢɫɤɭ

ɋɢɥɚɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɥɟɠɢɬɜɨɫɧɨɜɟɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɪɵɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɥɚɞɧɨɤɪɨɜɢɹ

ɇɟɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟ ɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɪɢɫɤɭ ɝɨɪɹɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɬɟɪɩɢ ɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɞ ɭɫɬɭɩɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ Ɍɚɤɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɟɦ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɟ

ɇɟɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟ ɧɢɟɦɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɢɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚɜɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɫ ɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɡɚɪɬ ɢ ɪɢɫɤ ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ

ɍɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ

ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɬɨɟ ɞɟɥɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɩɭɬɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɶɫɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɩɨɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɨɣ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɚɤ ɰɢɣ ɠɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɢɦɢɤɢ ɨɛɳɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɨɜɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɧɨɫɥɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ Ɍɚɤɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɤɪɵɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɜɹ ɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ

Ⱥ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ

2.4. ǶȘȏȜȕȋȏȔȇȓȏȞȌȘȑȏȌ ȘȉȕȐȘșȉȇ ȏȔȋȏȉȏȋȇ

ɉɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ ɫɟɧɫɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ

54

2.4.1. ǹȌȓȖȌȗȇȓȌȔș

ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɥɸɞɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɧɨɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɱɟɥɨ ɜɟɤɚ Ʉɜɢɧɬɷɫɫɟɧɰɢɹ ɠɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ – ɷɬɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɸɫ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ Ɉɧ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɤɪɢɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦ ɫɚɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɢ ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɪɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɩɪɨɹɜ ɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɹɪɤɨ ɪɚɡɥɢ ɱɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɢɡ ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɱɟ ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɨɧ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ©ɤɚɤª Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬ ɟ ɬɟɦɩɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɵ ɪɢɬɦɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ – ɜɫɟɝɨɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɋɥɟ ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɥɸɞɢɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚɦɨɝɭɬɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɜɵɫɨɤɢɯɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɬɟɫɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɛɟ ɨɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɟ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ

Ɉ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ

ɉɪɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɥɨɫɶ ɨɛ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɟɳɟ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ Ƚɢɩɩɨɤɪɚɬɚ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɧɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ

Ⱥɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɥɥɚɧɞɫɤɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ Ƚ. ɏɟɣɦɚɧɫ ɢ ȿ. ȼɢɪɫɦɚ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɧɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɭɦɟɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ

55

ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ– ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɟɱɚ ɫɬɨɬɭ ɢ ɫɢɥɭ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ – ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɟ ɭɱɟɛɟ ɞɨɫɭɝɟ ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ – ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ Ʌɸɞɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ

ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɝɚɫɚɟɬ ɍ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɭɫɢ ɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɬɪɨɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɦ ɬɚɛɥ

Ⱥɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɟɨɪɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟ ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ – Ⱦɠ. Ƚɢɥɮɨɪɞ ɢ Ʌ. Ɍɟɪɫɬɨɭɧ.

Ⱦɠ. Ƚɢɥɮɨɪɞ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ -ɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɬ Ɉɧ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɥ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ

xɈɛɳɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɟɧ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜ ɢ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɢɜɟɧ

xȾɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɧɚɫɬɨɣɱɢɜ ɢɳɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɥɢɞɟ ɪɨɦ ɧɟɛɨɢɬɫɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɜɨɢɦɵɫɥɢ

xɆɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ ɦɭɠɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢ ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɭ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɣ ɭ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ

xɍɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧ ɜ ɨɛ ɳɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ

xɋɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɩɨɤɨɟɧ ɛɨɞɪ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

xɈɛɳɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɧɟ ɪɨɛɨɤ ɧɟ ɡɚɫɬɟɧ ɱɢɜ ɧɟ ɢɳɟɬ ɭɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ

56

ɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɵɯɬɟɨɪɢɣ ɡɧɚɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ– ɡɧɚ ɱɢɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤ ɬɭɪɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɚɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɚɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹ ɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ

ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɶ ɨ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟ ɪɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɂ ɉ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ ɗɬɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ⱥ Ƚ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɇ ɂ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɝɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ Ȼ Ɇ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɚ ȼ Ⱦ. ɇɟɛɵɥɢɰɵɧɚ ɢ ɞɪɭ ɝɢɯ ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɞɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ ©ɱɟɬɵɪɟª ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɢɩɵ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɟɝɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɱɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɗɬɢ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɴ ɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɬɨ ɱɬɨɪɚɡɧɵɦɬɢɩɚɦɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɪɚɡɧɵɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɹ ɡɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɛɵ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɛɟɡ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ

ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɨɬɧɨ ɫɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ

Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨ ɜɚɧɢɸɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ ɋɬɟɩɟɧɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɬɜɹɥɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɟɪɬ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɟɪɰɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɦɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ

Ɇɨɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ Ɍɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɦ ȼɟɞɭɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɞɜɢ ɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɟɧ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɟɱɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɟ ɟɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟ ɪɟɱɢ ɫɢɥɟ ɪɟɡɜɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɇɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨ

58

ɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɵ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ ɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨ ɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ

ȼɩɟɱɚɬɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢ ɜɢɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɱɭɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɬɚɦ ɝɞɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟ ɫɬɜɭɟɬ Ɉɧɚ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ©ɜɫɸ ɤɨɠɭ ɫ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɫɞɢɪɚɟɬª ɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ – ©ɬɨɥɫɬɨɤɨɠɢɟª – ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɟ

ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɭ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɦɨɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɨɛɞɭ ɦɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɢɯ

ɉɨɞ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ Ɉɬ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɨɣ ɨɧ ɭɝɚɫɚɟɬ

ɇɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɤ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɜɟɪɫɢɸ – ɢɧɬɪɨɜɟɪ ɫɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɫɢɥɨɣ – ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ

Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɨɞ ɧɟɸ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɢɧ ɞɢɜɢɞɚɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ ɑɟɦɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɟɟɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɹɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɵ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭɪɨɫɬɭɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɫɢɥɵ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɟ ɢɯ ɪɟ ɚɤɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ȼɵɫɨɤɨɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɥɨ ɢɧ ɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚ ɇɢɡɤɨɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ

Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɧ ɞɢɜɢɞɚ

2.4.2. ǸȌȔȘȏșȏȉȔȕȘșȣ

ɋɟɧɫɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɨɛɳɢɣ©ɫɩɨɫɨɛɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª ɗɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨɫɟɧɫɢɬɢɜ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ

59

ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨɛ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɧ ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɋɚɦɢ ɠɟ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧ ɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɥɨɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɫɟɧɫɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɴ ɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ

ȼ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤ ɧɭɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɨɜ ɧɹɦɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɫɟɧɫɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɬɚ ɤɢɦɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜɵɹɜɢɥɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɤɨɧ ɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɱɟɥɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ

Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ – ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ – ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɰɟɧɧɵ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢ ɜɢɞɚ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɱɟɦɬɟɥɨɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɫɟɷɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɭɸ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɨɛɳɢɯɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣɤɚɤɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɢɧ ɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɫɦ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟ ©ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢª

ǶȘȏȜȕȒȕȊȏȞȌȘȑȇȦ ȜȇȗȇȑșȌȗȏȘșȏȑȇ ȒȏȞȔȕȘșȏ

ɉɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɤ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɨɛɭ ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ

Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ ɫɱɢɬɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ ɞɢɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ ɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɇɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɨɬ ɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɋɬɚɬɭɫ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɞɟɤ ɜɚɬɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɟ Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɫɟ ɦɶɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɨɬɰɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɫɵɧɚ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɦ ɥɢɱ

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