Психология личности. Учебное пособие
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ǺȞȌȈȔȕȌ ȖȕȘȕȈȏȌ
2-Ȍ ȏȎȋȇȔȏȌ ȖȌȗȌȗȇȈȕșȇȔȔȕȌ
dzȕȘȑȉȇ ǩȕȒȕȊȋȇ
ªǯȔțȗȇ-ǯȔȍȌȔȌȗȏȦ«
2024
ɍȾɄ 159.923 ȻȻɄ 88.3
Ⱥ
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ:
ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ɉɨɫɨɯɨɜɚ ɋɜɟɬɥɚɧɚ Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɧɚ;
ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɟɤɫɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ ɂ ɂ Ɇɟɱɧɢɤɨɜɚ
ɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜɚ ɋɜɟɬɥɚɧɚ Ʌɟɨɧɢɞɨɜɧɚ
Ⱥɜɟɪɢɧ ȼ Ⱥ Ⱥ ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ȼ Ⱥ Ⱥɜɟɪɢɧ – 2-ɟ ɢɡɞ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ. –
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ 4. – ɫ ɢɥ ɬɚɛɥ
ISBN 978-5-9729-1573-6
ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɥɢɱ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɧ ɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɫɢɯɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ Ⱦɚɧɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɂɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟ ɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɢ ɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɤɬɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɍȾɄ 159.923 ȻȻɄ 88.3
ISBN 978-5-9729-1573-6 |
Ⱥɜɟɪɢɧ ȼ Ⱥ 4 |
|
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª 4 |
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Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª 4 |
2
ǵȊȒȇȉȒȌȔȏȌ
Ʉ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɸ............................................................................................................... |
5 |
ɑɚɫɬɶ , Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ............................. |
8 |
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ......................................... |
8 |
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ |
|
ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ............................................................................................... |
11 |
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ |
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ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.......................................................................................... |
16 |
ɑɚɫɬɶ II ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ................................................. |
19 |
Ɉ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ |
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ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ.......................................................................... |
19 |
Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ..................................................... |
21 |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɢɱɚ Ʌɚɡɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ |
|
–1917) .................................................................................................... |
22 |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɚ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱɚ Ɇɹɫɢɳɟɜɚ |
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(1893–1973) .................................................................................................... |
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Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜɢɱɚ Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɜɚ |
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(1913– .................................................................................................... |
27 |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɨɥɶɮɚ ɋɨɥɨɦɨɧɨɜɢɱɚ Ɇɟɪɥɢɧɚ –1982)....... |
28 |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜɢɱɚ ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚ |
|
– .................................................................................................... |
31 |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɹ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱɚ Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜɚ –1979) ...... |
33 |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ʌɢɞɢɢ ɂɥɶɢɧɢɱɧɵ Ȼɨɠɨɜɢɱ –1981) .............. |
35 |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɟɪɝɟɹ Ʌɟɨɧɢɞɨɜɢɱɚ Ɋɭɛɢɧɲɬɟɣɧɚ |
|
(1889– .................................................................................................... |
36 |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɹ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱɚ ɍɡɧɚɞɡɟ – ......... |
37 |
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱɚ əɞɨɜɚ |
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(1929– .................................................................................................... |
39 |
ɑɚɫɬɶ III ɍɱɟɧɢɟ Ȼ Ƚ Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜɚ ɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ |
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ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ............................................................ |
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ɍɱɟɧɢɟ Ȼ Ƚ Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜɚ ɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ............................................................. |
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2 ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ............................................ |
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Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ................................. |
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Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ................................................... |
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ɇɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ..................................................... |
53 |
ɉɫɢɯɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ..................................................... |
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Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬ......................................................................................... |
55 |
ɋɟɧɫɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ...................................................................................... |
59 |
3 |
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ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ............................................ |
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ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.................................................................................. |
62 |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ.......................................................................... |
62 |
ɗɬɚɩɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ .............................. |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ............................................... |
65 |
Ɇɨɬɢɜɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.......................................................................................... |
67 |
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚ.................................................................................... |
67 |
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚ................................ |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ..................................................................... |
71 |
Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ |
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ɱɟɪɬɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.................................................................................... |
72 |
Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ........................................................................... |
76 |
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.................................................................................. |
79 |
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ........................................................................................ |
87 |
ɋɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ................................................................................ |
92 |
Ɉ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ .............................................................. |
92 |
ɗɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ............................................................ |
96 |
Ɉ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ.................................................................. |
96 |
Ɉ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ.................................................................... |
97 |
ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ................................................................. |
97 |
4
DZ ȞȏșȇșȌȒȥ
ɉɪɢɡɧɚɸɫɶ ɭɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɹ ɧɟ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɫɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ȼɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɢɲɭ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ Ⱥ ɧɟ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɫɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɤɭɪɫ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɥɟɝɲɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɱɢɬɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɧɨɸ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹɦ ɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɢ Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɚɹ ɫɤɜɨɡɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɦɧɟ ɧɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɤɭɪɫɚ – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ ɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɥɢ ɦɧɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɢɞɟɸ Ⱥ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɥ ɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɯɚɛɡɚɰɧɨɝɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɹɟɬɫɹɞɚɧɧɵɣɤɭɪɫ Ɍɨɥɱɤɨɦ ɠɟ ɤ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɹ Ʉɨɧɱɚ ɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ©ɇɢɡɤɢɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɵª ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɦɨɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ
ɑɢɬɚɹ ɟɺ ɹ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɥ ©ə ɩɢɲɭ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ ɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨ ɦɨɝɭ ɥɢ ɹ ɫɚɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ©Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɹ ɫɚɦ" ɑɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɨɹ ɠɢɡɧɶ" Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨ ɠɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ…ª
Ɉɞɧɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɱɬɨ ɠɢɡɧɶ – ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɹ ȼɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ Ⱦɚɧɬɟ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɜɹɬɶɸ ɤɪɭ ɝɚɦɢ ȺȾȺ ɂ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɟɣ – ɜɟɞɶ ɟɦɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɚɤ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨ ɜ ɥɨɧɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ – ɢ ɟɸ ɠɟ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ – ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ
ɇɨ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ Ⱦɚɧɬɟ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɤɚɤ ɨ ɊȺȿ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɜɹɬɶɸ ɧɟɛɟɫɚɦɢ Ⱦɚ ɞɚ ɬɵ ɩɪɚɜ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɢɤɪɭɝɨɜɨɟ ɑɂɋɌɂɅɂɓȿ ɂ ɜɫɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɦɟɞɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɞɚ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ə ɧɟ ɞɭɦɚɸ ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ Ⱥ. Ʉɨɧɱɚɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼɨɜɫɹɤɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɢɜɦɥɚɞɟɧɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɢɜɨɱɟɧɶɪɚɧɧɟɦɞɟɬ ɫɬɜɟ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɟɦ ɟɝɨ Ⱥ ɪɚɡ ɬɚɤ ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɫ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɜɵɫɨ ɤɭɸ ©ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶª ə ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɸ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɦɨɬɢ ɜɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɜɟɞɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɱɬɨ ɠɟ" ɂ ɤɚɤɨɜɚ ɰɟɥɶ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ" ɗɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɵ ɠɚɠɞɟɦ" ɂɥɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɭɸ ɜɨɡɠɟɥɚɟɦ" Ⱥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɟɪɚ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɭɤɢ"
ɇɨ ɜɟɞɶ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɯɨɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɵɦ Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɦɟɥ ɨɩɵɬ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɨ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨ ɤɨɦ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɜɨ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɜɟɪɢɥ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɢɬ ɇɨ ɞɭɦɚɸ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɷɬɢ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɦɵ ɱɟɝɨ-ɬɨ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɟɳɟ ɦɵ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɱɟɦ-ɬɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɵ ɇɚɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɦ ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɷɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɬɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɥɭɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɚ ȼ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɦɵɫɥɹɦ"
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɱɟɦɭɦɵɧɟɞɨɜɟɪɹɟɦ ɧɟɜɟɪɢɦɫɚɦɢɦɫɟɛɟ"ɉɨɱɟɦɭɦɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ" ȼɨɢɫɬɢɧɭ ©ɬɶɦɵ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɢɧ ɧɚɦ ɞɨɪɨɠɟ…ª
5
Ȼɵɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɝɚɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɟɫɥɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɛɵɬɢɹ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɬɨ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ" Ɇɵ ɥɠɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɇɨ ɦɵ ɥɠɟɦ ɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɡɚɝɥɹɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɦɟ ɬɢɬɶ ɬ ɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɭɜɢɞɢɦ ɇɟɭɠɟɥɢ ɂɋɌɂɇȺ ɩɪɨɤɥɹɬɚ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɱɟɦɭɦɵɤɧɟɣɬɚɤɬɹɧɟɦɫɹ"ɇɨɜɟɞɶ ɡɚɦɟɬɶɬɟ ɬɹɧɟɦɫɹɤɬɨɣɢɫɬɢɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɤ ɧɚɦ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫ ɧɟ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ
əɥɨɜɥɸ ɫɟɛɹɧɚɦɵɫɥɢ ɱɬɨɜɫɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɥɢɲɶɨɬɱɚɫɬɢɢɦɟɟɬɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɨ ɩɪɨɫɵ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ ɂ ɱɟɦ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ" Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɨɧ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɢɡ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɱɟ ɥɨɜɟɤ ɤɚɤɨɜɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ"
Ʉɚɤ-ɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ Ⱥ Ʌ. ɋɜɟɧɰɢɰɤɢɦ ɧɚ ɦɨɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɨɧ ɦɧɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɡɢɥ ©ɇɚɭɤɚ ɫɚɦɨɞɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɚª ɂ ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣ ɨɧ ɩɪɚɜ ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɬɨ ɢɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɹɬ ɧɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹɢɛɭɞɟɬɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɗɬɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɩɨɡɧɚ ɧɢɢ ɂɋɌɂɇɕ ɇɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɞɟɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɜɵɹɫɧɹɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧɭ ɥɟ ɠɚɳɭɸ ɜɧɟ ɬɟɛɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ – ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɨ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɇɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɦɟɥɨɫɬɶ ɡɞɟɫɶɧɭɠɧɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɋɦɟɥɨɫɬɶɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɢɛɟɡɪɚɫɫɭɞɧɨɣ ɇɨɜɟɞɶɟɫɥɢɱɬɨɬɨ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɱɟɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɬɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɭɞɤɚ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ. Ɍɨ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɭɠɧɚ ɂɋɄɊȿɇɇɈɋɌɖ
ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɟɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɥɸɞɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɲɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɤɨɜ ɩɭɬɶ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɟɟ ɇɟɬ ɧɟɬ ɧɟ ɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɹ ɤɥɨɧɸ ɤ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɫɟɨɛɭɱɭ ɇɨ ɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɸ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɴɟɤ ɬɢɜɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɇɨɫɦɵɫɥɨɧɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɞɥɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɟɫɥɢɨɧɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɛɟ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɧɢɝ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɛɟɫɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɑɬɨ ɤɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɇɚɞɟɠɞɚ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɬɢɩɚ ©Ʉɚɤ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɦª" – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɪɨɝɚɬɢɜɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɝɥɭɩɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɬɭɩɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɥɟɧɢ ɱɬɨ ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ Ɉɬɜɟɬ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ – ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɚ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɂ ɩɭɫɬɶ ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɦ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɱɬɨ ɦɧɟ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɭɠɟ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪ ɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɱɟɦɭ-ɬɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɦɭ ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɨ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ə ɨɬɧɸɞɶ ɧɟ ɩɢɬɚɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɵ ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɦ ɩɨɡ ɜɨɥɢɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɸ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɉɪɨ ɰɟɫɫ ɷɬɨɬ ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
6
ɂ ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɹ ɧɚɞɟɸɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɬɟ ɭ ɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɇɍɀȾȺ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɵ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɟɦɭ ɫɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɚ ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɫɦɨɠɟɦ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɚ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɟɛɹ ɍɝɥɭɛɥɹɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɹ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɟɞ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɦɵ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɦ ɢ ɤɪɭɝ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ
©ɋɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɢ ɛɥɚɠɟɧɫɬɜɨ – ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ɋɩɢɧɨɡɚ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨ ɜɟɤɨɦ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɢ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɬɟɦ ɱɟɦ ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢ ɠɚɹɫɶ ɜɫɟ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɢ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵª Ⱥ ɪɚɡ ɬɚɤ ɬɨ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɡɧɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɟɛɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɫɚ ɦɨɦɭ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɦɵɫɥɹɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚɦ ɍ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɹɜ ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɲɚɧɫ ɛɵɬɶ ɂɋɄɊȿɇɇɂɆ ɋ ɋȺɆɂɆ ɋɈȻɈɃ Ɋɚɡɜɟ ɷɬɨ ©ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɦɟɫɫɵª
ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɹ ɯɨɱɭ ɩɨɠɟɥɚɬɶ ɭɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɭɬɢ ɧɚɦ ɨɛɨɢɦ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ
7
ǾȇȘșȣ , DzȏȞȔȕȘșȣ ȉ ȘȏȘșȌȓȌ ȘȕȉȗȌȓȌȔȔȕȊȕ ȔȇȚȞȔȕȊȕ ȎȔȇȔȏȦ
©Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɞɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹɬɶ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɭɱɢɜɚɬɶª
Ɋɟɧɟ Ⱦɟɤɚɪɬ
ǶȗȕȈȒȌȓȇ ȞȌȒȕȉȌȑȇ ȉ ȘȏȘșȌȓȌ ȔȇȚȞȔȕȊȕ ȎȔȇȔȏȦ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɗɬɢɦ ɤɨɧ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɟɳɟ ɜ -ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɉɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɜɪɚ ɳɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɜ ɨɛɳɭɸɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɜɫɟɣɧɚɭɤɢ ɜɰɟɥɨɦ ȼɬɨɪɚɹɨɫɨ ɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟ ɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɠɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɢȻ Ɏ. Ʌɨɦɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɜɲɢɣ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫ ɬɚɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɂɡ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɯ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɪɵ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ Ɍɟɣɹɪ ɞɟ ɒɚɪɞɟɧɚ ȼ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɡɧɚ ɦɟɧɢɬɨɦ ɬɪɭɞɟ ©Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚª ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦ ɟɳɟ ɜ –19 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɚ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɨɧ ɩɢɫɚɥ ɱɬɨ ©ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɢɞɟɦ ɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɪɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɷɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɪɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ – ɩɨɡɧɚɸɳɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɤɚɤ ©ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹª – ɷɬɨ ɤɥɸɱ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ… ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɱɟɥɨ ɜɟɤɟɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɜɫɟ ɱɬɨɦɵɩɨɡɧɚɟɦ… Ɋɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɵɜɚɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ – ɩɪɨɞɨɥ ɠɚɟɬ ɨɧ – ɧɚɭɤɚ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɦɢɪ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹª.
ȼ ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɜɲɟɣ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɣ ©Ȼɟɝɫɬɜɨ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵª ɗɪɢɯ Ɏɪɨɦɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɚɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɟ ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɂɬɚɤ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɟɧ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɟɤ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɇɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ
8
ɪɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɟɪ ɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɂ ɞɟɥɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɨɜ ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ɜɟɤɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɫɬɪɟɦɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ" ȼɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫ ɧɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦɫɚɦɢɯɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɋɤɨɪɟɟɷɬɨɬɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɛɭ ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɤɚɤɢɦɢ-ɬɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɂ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɜɢɞɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɱɟ ɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɢɦ ɩɨ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɭɥɨɜɢɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɑɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ"
Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɬ ɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɭɤ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɬɚɤɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ȼɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɨɬ ɝɪɟɱ paradeigma – ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ – ɢɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩ
ɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɉɨɧɹ ɬɢɟ ©ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚª ɛɵɥɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ Ɍ. Ʉɭɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɣ ɋ ɟɝɨ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨ ɥɚɝɚɟɬ ©ɨɬɤɚɡ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɭɱ ɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɧɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɫ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣª ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɬɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ©ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɜɫɟɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦª ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɢɫɚɥ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɫɦɟɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɫɦɟɧɵɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɨɬɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɞɨɧɚɲɢɯɞɧɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɘ ȼ. əɤɨɜɰɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɟɦɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɳɟ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ©ȼɡɪɵɜɵ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɠɢɡɧɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɏɏ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɜ ɫɭɞɶɛɟ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵª – ɩɢɲɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɪ
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤ ɜɵɫɨ ɬɚɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɯɨɞ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɥ ɩɪɢɦɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɞ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɂ ɨɛɳɟ ɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɉ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɫɤɢ ©ɬɟɯɧɨɦɨɪɮɧɵɦɢª ȼɨɢɫɬɢɧɭ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ©ɡɢɹɸɳɢɦɢª. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ©ɜɡɪɵɜɵ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɨɜª ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɘ ȼ. əɤɨɜɟɰ ©ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ – ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɪ – ɩɪɨɛɢɥ ɱɚɫ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵª ɇɚ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɨ ɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɇ ɇ. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɢ Ⱥ ȼ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɵɯ
Ɉ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɝɨɜɨ ɪɹɬ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɦɧɨɸ ɉ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɫɤɢ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɡɦɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɡɦɚ ɚ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɟɰ ɉ Ɏ. Ⱦɪɚɤɟɪ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɪɭɞ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɢɥɢ
9
ɫɵɪɶɟ ɧɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɟɧ ɧɭɸ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɚɰɢɢ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɚɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɰɢ ɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɵɣ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɑɚɪɥɶɡ ɉɢɬɟɪɋɧɨɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɚɜɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɨɜɨɣɩɨɫɬɢɧ ɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɮɚɡɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɪɚɟɭɝɨɥɶ ɧɵɦɤɚɦɧɟɦɷɬɨɣɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɘ ȼ. əɤɨɜɰɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ©ɩɪɢɦɚɬɱɟɥɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚª ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨ ɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵ ɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɚ ɜɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɧɟɸ – ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɟɣ.
ɉɟɪɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯ ɧɨɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢ ɬɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ɋɟɱɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɞɟɬ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɜɢ ɬɢɹ ɂɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɭ ɰɟɥɶ ɟɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɧɟ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɧɨ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ Ɍɟɯ ɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɇ ɇ. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚ ©ɨɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚª. ɂɬɚɤ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɩɨɫɬɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɵ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ – ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɚɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɢɡɭɱɚɸ ɳɢɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ ɬ ɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɟɯ ɧɢɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ȼɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɷɬɢɯɫɜɹɡɟɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɢɤɚɤɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɫ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟɣ ɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ – ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ȼ Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɧɵɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɵɟ Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɠɢɜ ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɰɟ ɥɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɹɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ – ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨ ɫɬɢ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ȼɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵ ɜɚɥɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɂ Ɇ. ɋɟɱɟɧɨɜ ɧɚɭɤɚ ©ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɜɨɡ ɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟª ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚ ɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɞɬɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ȼ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɷɬɭ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɥ ɂ. Ƚɟɬɟ
©Ʉɬɨ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɠɢɜɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɋɩɟɪɜɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɧ ɭɛɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɇɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɟɦɭ ɬɚɦ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɬɢª.
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