Практический курс английского языка = Practical Course of English for Students of Economics. Учебное пособие для студентов экономических специальносте

;Language

1.Practise reading the following words aloud; in case of difficulties consult a dictionary.

Entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial, priority, familiarity, employer, employee, franchise, franchiser, franchisee.

2.Complete the following table.

3. a) Form nouns using one of the following patterns a + -(i)ty → n, a + -ness → n; make the necessary adjustments in the words; give their Russian equivalents; the first has been done for you:

able → ability – способность; weak → weakness – слабость

Able, weak, (im)possible, aware, necessary, familiar, willing, clear, formal, prior, real, creative, personal, busy, certain, effective, difficult.

b) Use some of these words either as an adjective or as a noun in the following sentences; the initial letter of the word is given as a prompt:

1.There is a strong p……. that they win the next election. 2. When starting your own business you should be a……. of all possible risks.

3.Applicants should demonstrate a f……. with bookkeeping. 4. You need e……. communication within the organization. 5. The boss shouldn’t be disturbed unless it is absolutely n……. . 6. We were impressed by his w……. to listen and learn. 7. Success is by no means c……. . 8. Just try to do the job to the best of you’re a……. . 9. The loss puts our company in financial d……. . 10. I’ll keep Thursday afternoon c……. in case we need to meet. 11. We went through usual f……… at customs and passport control. 12. She resigned from her job for p……. reasons. 13. We offer people the opportunity to be c……. .

4.Form agent nouns from the following verbs (nouns) according to the given pattern, work out the Russian equivalents of the resulting nouns.

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train, pay, franchise, mortgage, trust

5. Form agent nouns (names of people or things) by adding -er to a phrase; give the Russian equivalents of the resulting nouns.

to own a business + -er → a business owner – владелец бизнеса; to process words – a word-processor – текстовый процессор

take a risk, make decisions, produce cars, rise early, write textbooks, throw flame, get attention, break ice, do wrong (things), pinch pence, kill pain, bust stress, tell stories, hold shares, seek a job, raise money,

8. Form word partnerships (more than one option is possible) and use them in the sentences of your own.

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9. Sort out the following verbs and idioms denoting a degree of success in business under three headings:

Boom; succeed; fail; breakeven; go bust; be in debt; prosper; lose count of millions; make a considerable profit; keep/stay afloat; thrive; sink; be a success; be a failure; survive; reach a break-even point; keep one’s head above water; flourish; be a flop; get a business off the ground.

10. Complete the sentences with appropriate prepositions.

1. He is a great expert … international management. 2. This book of tips for entrepreneurs was published in association … the Small Business Administration. 3. Could I interest you … something from our range of beauty products? 4. We have dealt … the company for years.

5.To make the right decision we need to look carefully … all options.

6.The project’s success depends … the support of everyone concerned.

7.They supplied us … our opening stock of clothes … credit and agreed to wait … their money. 8. Are you fully aware … all the difficulties that you’ll have to overcome? 9. We only deal … companies which have a good credit record. 10. All successful entrepreneurs share a number … common traits.

11. Match the following phrasal verbs with their meanings; in case of difficulty consult a dictionary:

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12.Translate the following sentences into Russian with a focus on phrasal verbs.

1.She really put herself out to get everything ready for us. 2. I think we should stick to our original plan. 3. Since he took his extra job he’s really run himself down. 4. My doctor said I was looking run-down and ought to take some time to rest. 5. I can’t make up my mind whether to buy it or not. 6. Many hospitals are running out of money. 7. They got a series of activities lined up to keep their business partner entertained.

8.A committee has been set up to organize social events in the college.

9.The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away. 10. I get along well with most of my colleagues. 11. Don’t give up; keep going. 12. Having come this far, we were determined to see things through.

13.Complete the sentences with the words given, using them as either countable or uncountable nouns; make the necessary form adjustments – mind the number of the noun and the article). Translate the sentences into Russian.

1) business

a. She’s finished college and now she works in … . b. The two brothers started up (…) clothes retailing … . c. If the introductions are over I’d like to get down to … . d. Many small … fail in the first year. e. Are you here for … or pleasure? f. Those were the years of private enterprise, when lots of small … were started. g. Mathew’s little shop has turned into

(…) thriving … . h. Our firm does a lot of … with overseas customers. i. I have a hobby out of which I think I could make … . j. Most small … go through a period of time before they break even, and considerably more time before they make a profit. k. It was a mistake to go into … with my brother.

2) venture

a. There are many joint … between American and Japanese companies. b. They’ll need to raise ₤1 million in … capital if they’re to get the business off the ground. c. I don’t think he will obtain another loan because all his previous … failed.

3) enterprise

a. Euro Disney is (…) much smaller … than its American counterparts. b. The country needs a government that works to encourage free … . c. They’re involved in (…) exciting scientific … . d. We need someone with … and imagination to design a marketing strategy. e. Don’t forget this is (…) commercial … – we’re here to make money. f. Margaret Thatcher often talked about the benefits of private … and said that her achievement was to establish an … economy in Britain. g. State-owned … account for 90% of the country’s output.

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14. Complete the passage by filling in the blanks with the words given

Business incubators are organizations that support the entrepreneurial process, helping to increase (1)… rates for innovative startup companies. Only (2)… with feasible projects are admitted into the incubators, where they are offered a specialized menu of support resources and services. The resources and services open to an entrepreneur include: provision of (3)…, management coaching, help in making an effective (4)…, administrative services, technical support, business networking, advice on intellectual property and sources of financing. The (5)… process is intended to last around 2-5 years.

Business incubators can be private or public. Private incubators are for-profit firms that receive (6)… for the business services, they provide to their clients. In essence, they are a consulting firm that is specialized in new firm creation. In the last twenty years, many developed and developing countries have started large systems of public business incubators to encourage and assist entrepreneurship. In many cases, public

(7)… are designed to stimulate the development of new products and services in high-tech industries.

Since new firms require finance to grow, incubators have close relationships with many kinds of investors. (8)... funds and banks provide most of (9)… capital for incubated companies.

Evaluations of business incubators in Europe and the U.S. suggest that 90% of incubated startups were active and growing after three years of operation, which is a much higher (10)… than that observed in startups launched without (11)… .

15.* Render the following excerpt from the Russian translation of N.C. Stropolis’ book Small Business Management back into English; use the topical vocabulary.

Как правило, предпринимателям наибольшее удовлетворение приносит ощущение того, что они являются хозяевами своей компании, особенно, если оно подкрепляется уважением со стороны друзей и родственников.

Что касается финансовой стороны, удачливые предприниматели не станут копить деньги или заниматься ценными бумагами, а, скорее всего, будут вкладывать прибыль в свое предприятие для обеспечения его роста. Они нередко более заинтересованы в расширении дела, чем в получении высокой зарплаты.

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В этом заключаются основные награды от занятия предпринимательской деятельностью. А как обстоит дело с опасностями? Создание нового предприятия всегда связано с определенным риском неудачи. Абсолютно надежного вложения капитала не бывает. Как правило, чем рискованнее предприятие, тем выше потенциальная прибыль. Если предприниматель добивается успеха, прибыли могут быть высокими; если нет – можно потерять все свои сбережения. Для некоторых людей неудача является трагедией; для других – это возможность начать дело заново. Генри Форд, например, дважды терпел неудачу, прежде чем создал «Форд мотор кампани». Многие не могут перенести неудачу; она разрушает их «я», ослабляет волю и энергию. Общество в целом также несет потери при каждой личной неудаче.

16.Complete the sentences with appropriate words choosing from those given in brackets.

1.That three hour lecture yesterday was really …! (tired/tiring) 2. It is … to read of such crimes. (shocked/shocking) 3. We were deeply … to hear of the failure of his business. (shocked/shocking) 4. I like … tasks. (challenged/challenging) 5. This decision of the company management is likely to be … . (challenged/ challenging) 6. I was … by a new security guard who didn’t recognize me. (challenged/ challenging) 7. This idea for starting a business doesn’t seem very … . (excited/ exciting) 8. My trip to Paris has been cancelled. I’m really … . (disappointed/disappointing)

9.I’m very … in this subject. I find it fascinating. (interested/interesting)

10.– I heard some very … news. I’m going to lose my job. I feel terrible. – Cheer up. Don’t feel so …. There are plenty of other jobs. (depressing/ depressed) 11. Her presentation was good but a little … for people who were new to the subject. (confused/confusing) 12. I doubt that this business can be … . (rewarded/ rewarding) 13. Her success story is an … example to her followers. (inspired/inspiring)

17.Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous.

1.We … of going public next year. (think) 2. I … with Andrew’s clients while he’s on holiday. (deal) 3. He … a small corner shop in Manchester. (own) 4. The new equipment … a fortune, we can hardly afford purchasing it right now. (cost) 5. – How long … your visitors …? (stay) – Oh, I’m sorry, I … (not/know). We really need to speak to Helen, she generally … with visits. (deal) 6. We … a big risk if we go ahead with the project. (take) 7. This building … too old, we need to find better premises. (get) 8. I … to Minsk next week – I can call in to your office. (come) 9. My name is Andrey Matusevich and I … from Minsk, Belarus. (come) 10. This photocopier … (always/break down). 11. We … the sales

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to go up the next quarter. (expect) 12. I … an important call from my Moscow partner. (expect) 13. The number of franchises … all over the world due to the obvious advantages of this form of business. (grow)

14.This product … as well as we hoped. (not/sell)

18.Helen is starting her own business. Look at the extract from her planning schedule and then complete her letter to a business advice service.

Choose either the present perfect passive (has/have been done), present continuous passive (is/are being done) or a modal passive form (eg: should be done).

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to arrange an interview with one of your business advisers to discuss my business start-up. I’ve analyzed the market very carefully and I believe that I have a good business plan. I can give you a few details of my progress so far.

I’ve had several meetings with my bank, and a loan (1) has been arranged (arrange). I’ve found some office space in a good location, although some work (2) …………. (will/need) there before I can move in. I’ve reviewed my equipment needs and in fact some specialized items

(3) ……….. (order) at the moment. My business cards (4) ………… (print) and will be ready in a week or so. This week I’m busy decorating the office, and I (5) ………… (should/finish) by the end of the month.

I know that soon I’ll have to advertise in the local press, and perhaps you could advise me on the matter. Finally, I’d like some help planning my staffing needs – extra staff (6) …………. (might/need) over the Christmas period.

Yours faithfully

Helen Chadwick 19. Use an appropriate article where necessary instead of the gaps.

Developing a Business Plan

Perhaps (1) … most important step in launching your own business is planning. You need to develop (2) … written statement that explains what you are going to do. Your plan should describe (3) … basic idea for

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your business and set forth (4) … specific goals and objectives. This plan not only guides your efforts but also helps convince (5) … lenders and investors to finance your business.

(6)… business plan should highlight (7) … following information for

(8)… investors.

1.Summary. (9) … crisp overview will help investors decide whether reading (10) ... whole plan is worthwhile. (11) … potential investors spent

(12)… average of five minutes screening (13) … plan. If you don’t grab their interest at (14) … beginning, your plan will probably disappear into

the wastebasket. It should include:

• A brief description of your product and market;

• (15) … brief description of your company and its principles;

• (16) … summary of your financial projections and expected return

on (17) … investment;

• (18) … amount of money you now seek, in what form, and for what purpose.

2.Company and industry.

3.Products.

4.Market.

5.Marketing strategy.

6.Design and development plans.

7.Operations plan.

8.Overall schedule.

9.Critical risks and problems.

Although the business plan has (19) … simple, straightforward purpose, it requires (20) … great deal of thought.

20. Fill in each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with the words you find appropriate. Use only one word in each space.

John and Mary are in many ways typical of young entrepreneurs today. They have their ……….(1) business, a hamburger restaurant in a shopping centre …….…(2) the South of England. They already have a

……….(3) of over 40 people, because ……….(4) the restaurant is quite small, it has to ……….(5) open for long hours.

They bought the business a couple of years ……….(6) and spent the first few months working ……….(7) hard that they rarely saw any of

……….(8) friends. But once they had got ……….(9) to the way the restaurant worked, they did not ……….(10) to work such long hours and were

……….(11) to take more time ……….(12). Since then they ……….(13)

improved efficiency by installing a new computer system.

The restaurant has been very successful, and …….…(14) the competition from another fast food restaurant nearby, the ……….(15) of cus-

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tomers ……….(16) increased steadily. As a ………. (17), they are planning to enlarge the restaurant ……….(18) buying the hairdressing salon

……….(19) door and turning it ……….(20) another seating area.

;Speaking

1.Case Study: Applying for a Bank Loan

a) Mr Brown is talking to his bank manager. He would like to have a loan to start a small business.

Read the conversation and fill in the details required by the bank manager on the interview sheet.

Bank manager Good morning, Mr Brown. Do take a seat. How can I help you?

Mr Brown Good morning. Yes, you may be able to help me. You see, I’m thinking of starting a business of my own and I need some financial advice.

Bank manager I see. What sort of business are you thinking of going into?

Mr Brown Well, I suppose the best way of describing it is tourism. I’d like to organize European tours.

Bank manager May I ask whether you have ever worked in this field before? I mean you’re a teacher, aren’t you?

Mr Brown Yes, I am – a French teacher – and I’ve organized lots of trips abroad for children.

Bank manager Yes, but have you really looked into the arguments for and against going into business on your own? Have you fully researched the field you’re interested in? Have you done a market survey? Have you looked at the competition?

Mr Brown I must admit I haven’t got that far yet. In fact, what I would really like to know from you is, would I be able to get a loan, just short term, to cover the start-up costs?

Bank manager Well, we would have to look very closely at the venture, get the key facts straight. We’d look at the type of company you intend setting up. Then we would need a breakdown of the start-up costs: premises, staff, advertising costs, etc. Then calculate your present assets and liabilities. Let’s consider the last point first. What assets do you have which you could offer as security for the loan?

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Mr Brown Well, there’s my house; that must be worth at least ₤200,000. Then I have some savings, around ₤50,000, and I have some shares. I would think my total assets would be about ₤350,000.

Bank manager Shares, eh? And what can happen to share prices? Mr Brown Well, yes, I have made some small losses occasionally

but I’ve taken that into consideration.

Bank manager Do you actually own your own house or have you got a mortgage or some other sort of loan?

Mr Brown I have a very small mortgage.

There’s only about ₤20,000 left to pay over the next eight years and I have no other liabilities.

Bank manager Mmmm. What size loan do you have in mind?

Mr Brown I thought ₤400,000 would be enough to get the business off the ground.

Bank manager May I ask how old you are? Mr Brown Forty-eight next November.

Interview Sheet

Name _____________________________________________

Age _______________________________________________

Type of enquiry Loan to start up a new business

Type of business ___________________________________

Present occupation _________________________________

Amount required for loan £ _________

b) Discuss with your partners what the bank manager’s decision will be in this case. Make reasoned assumptions, using functional words of ‘probability’ given below.

He’ll definitely get the loan because… He might get the loan because…

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