Пособие к учебнику технического английского языка «Nuclear English. Language Skills for a Globalizing Industry»
.pdfEx.6. Match the phrases and the sentences
as red as a beet |
1. |
Our safety officer is unemotional, he is … . |
as slow as a turtle |
2. |
I got embarrassed because of my errors and I |
|
was … . |
|
as sweet as honey |
3. |
A safety manager was investigating the |
|
accident all day, he is … . |
|
as busy as a bee |
4. |
Nick spilled the water on the floor in a |
|
checking room. He is … |
|
as clumsy as a bear |
5. |
Nancy uses protective clothing every time, her |
|
skin is … . |
|
as black as coal |
6. |
The inspectors and managers came away the |
|
plant and workers were … . |
|
as cold as ice |
7. |
According to the latest report of nuclear |
|
security our plant is the safest. This article is … . |
|
as slippery as an |
8. |
Can you put your personal protective |
eel |
equipment on faster? You are … . |
|
as free as a bird |
9. |
A top manager is rather sly. He is … . |
as smooth as silk |
10. After night shifts the workers were … . |
|
Ex.7. Listen to the song “Everything at once” by Lenka and write down the idioms with “as … as” construction as many as you can.
PREPOSOTION + -ing
VERB + PREPOSITION + -ing
If a preposition is followed by a verb, the verb ends in -ing
The structure verb + object + preposition + -ing
What are the advantages of working at a plant?
Nick forgot to thank the engineer for helping him.
TOO / ENOUGH
Too
Too + adjective / adverb = more than needed
You never have a rest. You work too hard.
Enough
Adjective /adverb + enough = as much as needed
You have good results. You work hard enough.
Enough + noun
You should have a rest. You have enough work.
81
Ex.1. Match prepositions and verbs.
On |
At |
For |
From |
Into |
With |
Of |
In |
For |
To |
Apply, ask, comment, consist, depend, disappear, get rid, hint, include, instead, integrate, invest, involve, look forward, pay, penetrate, point, prevent, remind, report, separate, take care, to be afraid, to be ashamed, to be disappointed, to be interested, to be responsible, to be satisfied
Ex.2. Write a story, use the following words.
Result in |
To agree |
Thank for |
To carry out |
Think about |
To install |
Look for |
To maintain |
Pick up |
To ensure |
Set up |
To provide |
Turn on |
To develop |
Turn off |
To contain |
Go on |
To apply |
Begin with |
To give |
Ex.3. Complete the sentences. Put a verb or a preposition. Some of prepositions can be used many times.
give put |
look |
turn |
fall |
off |
on |
up(3) |
down |
1. She _____ off her chair because of a badly designed workplace. 2. Turn ____ the lights on panel! Shut down the reactor! 3. _____ out! The glass is going to fall! It is too late! 4. Nick, wake ____ ! The inspectors are coming in the plant. 5. I can‟t understand what a safeguard officer is talking. It is because of his dialect. I think he grew _____ in London. 6. You look tired. Sit ____ and have a rest. 7. Mike used to smoke, but he
____ up last year. 8. Come _____ ! Hurry _____ ! The headquarters are going to meet the workers. 9. ______ on your protective clothing and gloves. It is not safe to come in without protective equipment. 10. Don‟t forget to _____ off the lights and clean the workplace when your shift is over.
82
Ex.4. Complete the sentences.
1.While one inspector is interested in …
2.It is necessary to start checking …
3.If we measure the level of …
4.The inspectors‟ work is a guarantee of …
5.“Hyperspectral” sensors are looking at …
6.The presentation about radioactive sources I begin with …
7.The members of Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty have agreed to
…
8.The safeguards criteria are based on …
9.The success of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty regime relied
on …
10.Satellites are a good way of …
Ex.5. Complete the questions the correct prepositions, then interview your partner.
1.Who has it happened ____ ?
2.What railway station does the train arrive ____ ?
3.What are you listening ____ ?
4.What do you hope ____ ?
5.What are you worrying ____ ?
6.Where are you hurrying ____ ?
7.Who do you agree ____ ?
8.Who are you waiting ____ ?
9.What checking are you preparing ____ ?
10.Who have you just danced ___?
Ex.6. Complete the sentences with enough.
1. I can‟t read a safety manual fast. I‟m not ___. 2. Some of us had to work at one workplace because there weren‟t ___. 3. I‟d like to be a safeguard officer, but I don‟t have ___. 4. Do you have ___ at nuclear atomic plant or inspectors will visit you again? 5. Are you ___? Or will I call to a safety manager and send for the doctor? 6. It is only a small control room. There are not ___ for all of us. 7. Steve didn‟t feel ___ to go to work this morning. 8. I enjoyed my visit to London nuclear station, but there wasn‟t ___ to do everything I planned. 9. Put on your personal protective equipment and see if it is ____ for you. 10. There
83
weren‟t ____ for safeguards inspectors about sampling of radioactive materials, verification of seals and installation of cameras.
Ex.7. Complete the sentences with enough or too and words in brackets.
1. Does she know how to use radioisotopes in medicine? (young) 2. I need to talk to you about maintenance of surveillance equipment. (busy)
3. Let‟s go to the headquarters and discus working conditions. (late) 4. Why don‟t we work in a control room? (clean) 5. Would you like to be a safeguard officer? (responsible) 6. Would you like to be a headquarter? (confident) 7. Did you hear what a reactor manager was saying? (close) 8. Have he read the safeguards criteria? (time) 9. Do you know the results of safeguards‟ checking? (good) 10. What is the most important feature of a safety manager? (honest)
Ex.8. Make one sentences from two. Use enough or too.
1.David couldn‟t put personal protective equipment on. It is too heavy.
2.I can‟t read the instruction. There is no light enough.
3.Nobody was ready to check the workplaces. It is too early.
4.Don‟t forget about safety procedures. They are too important.
5.Mary can‟t explain the instruction. It is too difficult.
6.We couldn‟t train more than 5 hours a day. It is too hard.
7.Four people can‟t work in one room. It is not big enough.
8.You shouldn‟t take risks to complete your work duties. They are dangerous enough.
Ex.9. Choose the correct answer.
1. Nick was _____ to work.
a) too tired b) enough tired c) tired enough
2. He isn‟t _____ to read the instruction in original.
a) enough smart b) smart enough c) too smart
5. His behavior was _____ because of visiting a reactor manager.
a) enough strange b) strange enough c) too strange
6. Nancy knows _____ about verification of seals, downloading data and review of operating records.
a) too much b) much enough c) enough much
84
3.The safety manager was
______ to find out the cause of the accident.
a) enough clever b) clever enough c) too clever
4.It is not _____ to predict the future of advanced nuclear reactors.
a) enough simple b) simple enough c) too simple
7.Were the safeguards criteria
______ to come them true?
a) too simple b) simple enough c) enough simple
8.This room is _____ to be a workplace.
a) too dirty b) dirty enough c) enough dirty
LINKING WORDS
For contrasting: although, despite, in spite of, while, but, whereas, however
Although + subject + verb |
Although it rained, we completed the |
|
reactor repair. |
Despite =in spite of |
In spite of rain we completed the |
Despite / in spite of + noun / pronoun |
reactor repair. |
/ verb + ing |
|
For listing: first (ly), second (ly), final (ly), next, last, to begin, to conclude
Firstly, you should study the safety manual; secondly, you should take a test.
For cause: due to, because (of), as, since, for, thanks to
As he has finished his work, he may go home.
For result / consequence: so, so that, as a result, thus, in that / this case
Не delivered such a report that everybody was surprised.
For describing purpose: so that, in order to, so as to
The safety manager spoke clearly and slowly so that everyone could understand him.
Ex.1. Choose the correct answers to the given text.
There are many reasons for visiting our fuel manufacturing plant.
_________ (1), it is a place with interesting architecture and modern equipment.__________ (2), it is a place where enriched uranium dioxide powder is made to ceramic pellets. _________ (3), visiting our plant is interesting, _________ (4) its many control rooms, enrichment blocks and vaporizing areas. __________ (5), many of the plant‟s block and centers have been preserved, __________ (6) it is possible to see
85
how the plant used to work. ___________ (7), many experts, reactor managers and safeguards inspectors visit our plant every year.
____________ (8), I believe that, ___________ (9) a trip to it may be not safe, even dangerous, it is well worth visiting such a wonderful plant and an interesting place.
1. |
Since |
On the whole |
Firstly |
2. |
Secondly |
Finally |
Therefore |
3. |
in order to |
Moreover |
All in all |
4. |
due to |
because |
so |
5. |
Apart from |
However |
In addition |
6. |
because |
so |
And |
7. |
Because |
But |
For this reason |
8. |
To sum up |
Although |
For example |
9. |
moreover |
although |
due to |
Ex.2. Put the correct linking words in brackets.
1. Ben has never seen the metal drums with enriched uranium dioxide powder before ____ (as / but / and) Ray has. 2. To prevent an accident workers tried to do leak tests ___ (in short / but / because) they were late. 3. A fuel manufacturing plant is an interesting place ____ (in addition to / however / because), it is in poor condition. 4. A night shift was over, ____ (so / for example / since) Alan shut down the reactor. 5.
____ (All in all / Despite / Although) the granules are in the drum they can‟t be pressed immediately. 6. Some products, ____ (moreover / as a result / such as) typical fuel pin, can be radioactive and dangerous. 7. Everyone worked a control room ____ (whose / whereas / apart from) a reactor manager, who had another workplace. 8. You have to make some safety procedures before entering the block, ____ (and / so / but) workers don‟t follow the instruction every time. 9. Dust from the UO2 powder isn‟t emitted ____ (due to / so / because) the area is under low pressure. 10. Alpha radiation can be stopped by protective clothing,
____ (but / and / apart from) the great danger is to prevent it from entering the lungs.
Ex.3. You are a Safety Inspector. Write the instruction for workers of nuclear atomic station. Use sequencers.
As a result |
In this case |
86
Naturally |
However |
Especially |
To begin with |
In other words |
As a consequence |
For example |
In short |
In that case |
In fact |
Ex.4. Complete the sentences, use your own ideas
1.Spent fuel contains different elements although …
2.Spent fuel contains different elements because …
3.Nuclear power became established around the world although …
4.Nuclear power became established around the world because …
5.There are many criteria for commercial reprocessing plants although …
6.There are many criteria for commercial reprocessing plants because …
Ex.5. Complete the purpose sentences.
1.Top managers should take measures in order that …
2.Take notes so as to …
3.A reactor manager and safeguard inspector hurried forward to …
4.They say reprocessing is bad for the nuclear industry so that …
5.It is important for a country has a permanent site for high-level waste so that …
6.The checking was rather fast so as not to …
7.Manufacturing MOX fuel is more expensive than manufacturing fresh fuel so that …
8.Reprocessing saves the utility money on mining, enrichment and waste disposal so that …
9.A hot salt melt reacts with air and water so that …
10.The temperature should be 350 degrees in order not to …
Ex.6. Write the beginning for the following sentences
1.…so as to separate different components of a mixture.
2.… so that plutonium could be used in nuclear weapons.
3.…in order that spent fuel should be reprocessed.
4.…so as not to dissolve things.
5.… in order for Nick to write an article about chemical engineering problems.
87
RELATVE PRONOUNS, ADVERBS AND CLAUSES
Relative pronouns Who / that refers to people
The inspector who is talking the phone is my brother.
Which / that refers to things and animals
The car which was damaged in an accident is yours.
Whose shows the possession
That‟s Nick whose idea of molten salts reprocessing was approval.
Relative adverbs When refers to time
None of us knows when the shift schedule is changed.
Where refers to place
It was hot dispute where to locate a permanent site for high-level waste.
What / why refers to explanation George asked me why his workplace was such dirty.
Relative clauses
Put commas
We separate main and relative clauses by commas if the information in relative clause is not important and may be omitted.
The engineers, who had worked out a reactor testing, were from England.
No commas
We don‟t separate main and relative clauses by commas if the information in relative clause is important and can‟t be omitted.
The engineers who had worked out a reactor testing were from England.
Ex.1. Complete the sentences with relative pronouns
1. Transport division ____ is a part o nuclear organization has difficult and unusual terminology. 2. Jenny ____ started working at Transport division has the problems with terminology. 3. Derek ____
has asked Jane to write a report about transport approval will come to a plant in a week. 4. Nick has written a report about terms “package”, “packaging” and “overpack” _____ have different definitions. 5. Type B package was designed by dr. Mandon _____ was the first engineer in transport division. 6. The company _____ has designed a new type of packing has bought all rights to competitors. 7. The man ___ was sitting on the chair knew much about spent fuel. 8. David started working in a company ____ specializes in radioactive material packaging. 9. The company ____ carried the cargo didn‟t have a license for radioactive material transport. 10. Mr. Roger _____ was my supervisor now is working at control centre. 11. He didn‟t follow the instructions ____ he was given, so he was confused all the terms. 12. Staff did all the best to prevent the leakage _____ could sink the ship. 13. I need a laptop ____
88
can work up to 5 hours without a charger. 14. A transport manager
_____ is an engineer has no idea how to transport radioactive wastes. 15. Shipment document ____ were signed by a safeguard manager were lost two days ago. 16. A reactor manager doesn‟t know ____ it is dangerous to transport nuclear fuel casks. 17. An irradiated nuclear fuel canister _____ arrived by rail was empty. 18. The transport accidents
_______ happened repeated many times. 19. The carrier _____
delivered the package forgot the paper in another division. 20. I work at a plant _____ there are many departments.
Ex.2. Make one sentences from two. Use relative pronouns
1. Petrol & Co a transport company working with a nuclear atomic station. The company carries radioactive wastes. 2. The transport company designed a new steel cask. It is used for high-level waste. 3. The engineers train a lot. They made a container for irradiated fuel. 4. Nick is an atomic engineer. He designed a new filter for ventilation system. 5. Containment building is made of reinforced concrete. It prevents the escape of radioactivity from a reactor. 6. An engineer has repaired a filter. He suggested a new model for chimney stacks of factories. 7. The main control room is the biggest area at the plant. The reactor and safety managers work there. 8. A company transported Type C package. They use 2.5 tonne steel cask. 9. David is a maintenance engineer. He is responsible for keeping the reactor in good condition. 10. Radioactive warehouse is located near the port. The trucks carry radioactive wastes.
Ex.3. Complete the sentences with which / that / who
1.I like working …
2.My best colleague is someone …
3.I enjoy reading articles …
4.I like people …
5.The best workplace for me is a place …
Ex.4. Make up the sentences about yourself using relative pronouns.
(place) / work / study |
(working position) / like ... |
(place) / spend most of time |
(company) / like the best |
(activity) / enjoy a lot |
(person) / love the most |
89
Ex.5. Choose the correct answer 1. __ is that sitting over there in a transport office?
a) Who b) Whom c) Which
3. They have a special instruction about packaging __ is followed everyone in a company.
a) that b) which c) whose
5. There were transport accidents because of _____ the order of package was changed.
a) which b) what c) who
7. The safeguard inspector wants to find out __ drove the truck with irradiated fuel casks.
a) who b) who's c) whose
9. The carrier ____ brought the pack wore protective clothing.
a) who b) what c) which
2. A sales manager doesn't understand transport terminology __ is used in papers.
a) what b) that c) who
4. I'm looking for shipment documents ____ you sent me with your email.
a) which b) who c) whom
6. I think to prevent spillage is the best way __ I can offer.
a) that b) which c) who
8. Do you know the reactor operator __ brother works as a safety manager?
a) who b) whose c) who's
10. The accidents __ occurred within a short period of time showed a low safety level.
a) who b) what c) which
Ex.6. Fill in the relative pronoun or adverb. Put commas where necessary.
1. Have you eaten radioisotopes _____ are used in medicine? 2. Please give me the documents ______ are on the table in a control room. 3. Nuclear medicine ________ is used radioactive materials started with iodine 131. 4. How old is the man___________ suffers from the lung cancer? 5. The nuclear medicine clinic _________ is in the downtown uses photon emitting as treatment. 6. David _________ works as a reactor manager write scientific articles about nuclear medicine. 7. Dr. Smith _____ also has engineering education has found out a new way of treatment cancer. 8. Has Peter written the article about radiopharmacy
____ is awarded by a medal? 9. People ______ suffer from cancer should use radiotherapy to relief the symptoms. 10. Radiotherapy _____
is rather expensive now is available to everyone. 11. Let's read the latest research in nuclear medicine ______ is on page 10. 12. Nancy Mark
______ is a doctor offers the way of fighting the insect with help of ionizing radiation. 13. The protective clothing __________Nick put on
90