Пособие к учебнику технического английского языка «Nuclear English. Language Skills for a Globalizing Industry»

UNIT

TERM

DEFINITION

RUSSIAN

Unit

1.

global

Rise in average temperature of

глобальное

Climate

warming

the Earth‟s atmosphere;

потепление

Change.

greenhouse

Phenomenon

whereby

solar

парниковый

effect

heat radiated back by the

эффект

Earth‟s surface is trapped by

the

Earth‟s

atmosphere

by

“greenhouse” gases;

fossil fuel

Fuel with carbon content such

ископаемое

as oil, natural gas or coal

топливо

formed

from ancient

living

things;

sustainable

Capable

of

being

maintained

жизнеспособный,

without

leaving problems

to

устойчивый

future generations

Unit

2.

uranium

A

mildly radioactive element

уран

Uranium

with two isotopes which are

Mining.

fissile (U-235 and U-233).

.

deposit

Place where quantities of a

отложение

mineral are located.

extract

To take out, to separate.

добывать

mineral.

Form of an element found in

минерал

nature.

milling

Process by which uranium is

ректификация,

extracted from its ore.

выделение

ore

Material

with

economic

руда

quantities of a mineral within

it.

Unit 3. Fuel

assembly

Collection of parts designed to

компоновка, сборка

Manufactur

fit together.

ing.

pellet,

Small, hard, cylindrical object.

топливная таблетка

fuel,

Material

consumed

to

provide

топливо

heat and power.

criticality,

Condition of being able to

критичность,

sustain

a

nuclear

chain

критический режим

reaction.

ceramic,.

Very hard material made from

керамика

a non-metallic mineral formed

by firing in an oven/kiln.

enriched

With

an

increased

обогащенный

concentration of

a

particular

isotope.

Unit

4.

simulator

Machine used to train operators

модель,

Reactor

which

creates

life-like

имитирующее

Manageme

conditions.

устройство

nt.

fault,

A malfunction or defect in a

сбой

machine.

outage,

Temporary

shutdown

of

the

плановая остановка

reactor.

реактора

contractor,

Person

or

organization

that

подрядчик

agrees to carry out work for a

fee.

refurbish,

Clean up and install new

ремонтировать,

components.

модернизировать

uprate

Work which results in a power

завышать

station being able to produce

additional power.

Unit

5.

leaktight

Fully sealed.

герметичный

Transport.

shipment

The transportation of goods or

перевозка грузов

a set of goods which are

transported together.

cargo

Goods transported by rail, air,

груз

truck.

competent

Body given power by the State

авторитетный

authority

to regulate the nuclear industry.

специалист

vitrified

Converted into glass form.

остекленный

carrier

Company

or

organization

перевозчик

which transports goods.

package

Container

and

radioactive

упаковка,

contents together.

контейнер

packaging

Container

into

which

упаковка

radioactive

contents

are

inserted.

overpack

Extra

covering

around

a

транспортная тара

container.

canister

Container

used

for

carrying

канистра

high-level vitrified waste.

cask

Container

for

transporting

or

контейнер

storing used fuel.

Unit

6.

reprocessing

Chemical

treatment

of

used

переработка

Reprocessin

fuel

to

separate

reusable

топлива

g.

materials

and

condition

the

final waste.

direct

Disposal of used fuel in a

прямое

disposal

permanent

waste

site

without

захоронение

reprocessing.

interim

Temporary storage of used fuel

временное

storage

prior to permanent disposal or

хранилище

reprocessing.

solvent

Liquid

which

can

dissolve

растворитель

other substances to form a

solution.

burnup

Amount of heat released by

выгорание

nuclear fuel relative to its mass,

usually expressed as

gigawatt

days per tonne.

Unit

7.

decommissionin

Series of actions taken after the

снятие

с

Decommiss

g

permanent shutdown of a nuclear

эксплуатации

ioning.

facility

including

decontamination, dismantling and

waste management.

dismantle

Take apart.

демонтировать

isotope

Atomic form of an element having a

изотоп

particular number of neutrons.

encapsulate,

Immobilize waste, for example, in

упаковывать

grout or concrete or put into a sealed,

robust metal container.

demolition

Breaking up or destruction of a

демонтаж

building, for example.

remote

Controlled from a distance.

удаленный

Unit

8.

repository

A permanent disposal place for

хранилище

Deep

radioactive wastes.

Geological

Disposal

containment

Prevention of the release of

удержание

radioactive materials or a structure

радиоактивности,

which performs this function.

защитная оболочка

ground water

Underground water.

грунтовые воды

decay

Disintegration of

atomic

nuclei

распад

resulting in the emission of alpha or

beta particles usually with gamma

radiation.

poison

Material which absorbs neutrons and

вредный

reduces the reactivity of the reactor.

поглотитель

нейтронов

halflife

Period required of half of the atoms of

период

a particular radioactive isotope to

полураспада

decay and become an isotope of

another element.

Unit

9.

radioisotope

A

naturally

occurring

or

радиоактивный

Other

artificially

created

radioactive

изотоп

Nuclear

isotope of a chemical element:

Application

used

in

medical

therapy,

s.

biological research, etc.

sealed source

Encapsulated

radioactive

закрытый источник

material.

iodine

Chemical

element,

the

йод

radioisotope iodine-131 is used

to treat thyroid disease.

diagnosis

Determining the cause of an

диагноз

illness.

ionizing

Of

radiation, capable

of

ионизация

breaking chemical bonds in the

matter through which it passes.

cobalt

Chemical element – radioactive

кобальт

cobalt-60 was often used in

radiotherapy.

radiopharmac

Preparation

of

radioactive

радиофармацевтиче

y

compounds used for diagnosis

ские препараты

and radiotherapy.

radiopharmac

A healthcare professional who

радиофармацевт

ist

is considered an expert in

cancer medications.

Unit

10.

non-

Breaking of the rules e.g. when

неподчинение

Safeguards

compliance

a State breaks its safeguards

and

agreement with the IAEA (the

Security.

International

Atomic

Energy

Agency).

proliferation

Increase in the number of states

распространение

or

groups

having

nuclear

weapons.

safeguard

International

accounting

and

ядерная

verification system designed to

безопасность

ensure that fissile materials is

only

used

for

peaceful

purposes.

undeclared

Of a nuclear facility or nuclear

недекларированны

material,

clandestine

or not

й

placed under safeguards.

Unit

11.

hazard

Danger.

опасность

Safety.

dose

Measure

of

energy deposited

доза

by radiation in a target.

radiation

Energy, in the form of waves or

радиация

particles,

emitted

by

radioactive material.

diversity

In nuclear

safety,

having

разнообразие

different systems in place to

cope with a fault.

redundancy

In nuclear safety, having back-

избыточность

в

up systems in place.

средствах защиты

для

повышения

безопасности

safety culture

Attitude amongst staff towards

культура

safety.

безопасности

Unit

12.

research

Investigation to discover facts.

научное

Research

исследование

and

Developme

nt

cushion

Pad or shock absorber

амортизотор

vibration

Regular shaking.

колебание

inherent

Of nuclear safety, relying on

присущий,

physical principles like gravity

свойственный

rather than engineered design.

meltdown

Melting of nuclear fuel in a

расплавление

reactor.

helium

Very light nonreactive as used

гелий

as a coolant.