Пособие к учебнику технического английского языка «Nuclear English. Language Skills for a Globalizing Industry»
.pdfLeather / carry papers |
Plastic / measure things |
Ex.5. Open the brackets. Put the verbs in Active or Passive Voice.
1. Nick said that the safety manual (receive) the day before. 2. George (give) me the book about repairing next time. 3. We (call) Enrico Fermi the father of nuclear atomic physics. 4. Yesterday by 2 p.m. the workers (load) the trucks. 5. The reply (receive) tomorrow. 6. The newspaper said that an interesting exhibition (open) in a new block of atomic reactor the next week. 7. After day shift nobody (see) him yesterday. 8. The answer to this question can (find) in the manual for reactor managers. 9. Two new engineers just (introduce) to the head of the plant. 10. You can (find) interesting information about the pellet manufacturing in these articles.
Ex.6. Invent an atomic nuclear station of future. Try to be especially detailed and scrupulous about the materials that will be used and the way things will be arranged there.
Ex.7. Make up questions in Passive Voice. |
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leak tests |
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to ship? |
What |
ore |
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to make into? |
When |
enriched |
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uranium |
to protect? |
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powder |
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Where |
uranium concentrate |
to pass through? |
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Why |
stages |
of |
fuel |
to do? |
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manufacturing |
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By whom |
a radiological costume |
to involve? |
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How |
the fuel |
manufacturing |
to press? |
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plant |
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vaporizing |
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to build? |
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granules |
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to control? |
Ex.8. Change the sentences from Active to Passive.
1. They calculated the answers very quickly. 2. Some managers have written scientific papers. 3. They are building a new block for fuel manufacturing near the town. 4. They advised the head to be more patient. 5. Nancy has lost her glasses again. 6. I have translated the whole text for the reactor manager. 7. The government should deal with the problem of unemployment. 8. We will fill the helium gas during leak
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tests. 9. They were controlling the uranium enrichment from 2 till 6. 10. A station manager told me about common methods of enrichment. 11. By the time of a day shift, someone had already lighted on of the panel. 12. We will bring the radiological protection costume tomorrow. 13. The outage manager can send the resolution now. 14. When I came in a control room, they had read all the documents. 15. By six o'clock they had finished the work. 16. Mr. Smith promised Jim a pay rise. 17. They are repairing the vaporizing centre now. 18. We will finish the work by the evening. 19. I took some crude pellets for the experiment yesterday. 20. The head gave the newspaper reporters an interview about radiological risk in a fuel fabrication plant.
Ex.9. Choose the correct answer. The last time I was in the fuel manufacturing center, the whole area ________.
a)is renovated
b)is being renovated
c)was renovated
d)was being renovated
3. The safety manual you’re looking at now is quite remarkable. It ________ the workers’ lives 5 times!
a)is saved
b)was saved
c)has been saved
d)has been being saved
2. According to the plan, the old buildings ________ next month.
a)is going to be knocked down
b)are going to be knocked down
c)will be knocked down
d)are knocked down
4. The new block _________. It’s working again now.
a)is being repaired
b)is repaired
c)has been repaired
d)was repaired
5. How |
________ this |
stage 6. When |
________ these pellets |
________? |
|
________? |
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a) are |
b) is |
a) is |
b) was |
c) have |
d) has |
c) has |
d) have |
e) operated |
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e) being manufactured |
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f) being operated |
f) been manufactured |
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g) been operated |
g) been being manufactured |
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h) been being operated |
h) manufactured |
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7. Nick ________ three months ago and has been unemployed ever since.
a)had been fired
b)has been fired
c)is fired
d)was fired
9. I had to spend the night at the control room because my keys
________.
a)are lost
b)were lost
c)have been lost
d)had been lost
11. How many times ________
you ________ not to upgrade the
panel? |
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a) are |
b) were |
c) have |
d) will |
e) be told |
f) been told |
g)being told
h)been being told
13. Because of a great numbers of manager we ________ not to delay a reload.
a)are persuaded
b)are being persuaded
c)were being persuaded
d)have been persuaded
15. The ore _______ into sand at the moment.
a)is crushed
b)is being crushed
c)have been crushed
d)has been crushed
8. It‟s a huge nuclear atomic station. Thousands of people
________ there.
a)were employed
b)are employed
c)are being employed
d)have been employed
10. The situation is serious.
Something ________ before it‟s too late.
a)must be done
b)can't be done
c)will be done
d)has been done
12. ________ you ever ________
uranium?
a) was |
b) were |
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c) has |
d) have |
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e) been mined |
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f) being mined |
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g) been being mined |
h) |
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mined |
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14. The radiation level ________
with special equipment.
a)is measured
b)was measured
c)is being measured
d)has been measured
16. Uranium dioxide _______ into drums.
a)is put
b)is being put
c)have been put
d)has been put
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COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns
Can be counted: (one pen, two pens, etc.)
Have the plural form: (a pen – pens)
Can be used with indefinite (a/an) and definite articles (the): (a student, an apple, the laboratory)
Take a singular or plural verb: Where is a pen? Where are pens?
Can be used with some and any + plurals:
David wrote some repots about nuclear physics.
Do you have any monitors for our control room?
Can be used with many and few + plurals:
I have many things to do.
Few physicists deal with nuclear safety.
Few = not many
A few = some, a small number
Uncountable nouns
Cannot be counted: (water, energy, love, ect.)
Have the singular form: (music, oil, etc.)
Can be used with a definite article (the):
Take a singular verb: Knowledge is power.
Can be used with some and any:
There‟s some sand in my shoes
Do you have any money?
Can be used much and little:
We need much energy for nuclear station.
They have little time for discussion before the experiment.
Little = not much
A little = some, a small amount
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Quantifiers |
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Countable nouns |
All types of nouns |
Uncountable nouns |
Many |
Some |
Much |
Few |
Any |
Little |
A few |
A lot of / lots of |
A little |
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No |
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Ex.1. Put the words into correct column.
Advice, box, cargo, class, danger, deal, deposit, education, effect, engineer, extraction, factory, fluctuation, fuel, gas, ground, hole, inch, information, iron, key, knowledge, liquid, mine, mining, news, offer, place, power, progress, radiation, resource, room, shift, stockpile, substance, supervisor, training, water.
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Countable nouns |
Uncountable nouns |
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Ex.2. Write the examples (no more than 5) to each category. Abstract nouns:
Collective nouns: Diseases:
Fluids:
Games:
Gasses:
Languages:
Natural phenomena:
Scientific subjects and fields of study: Solids:
Note: Is it possible to make a countable noun from an uncountable one?
Ex.3. Paraphrase these uncountable nouns for a phrase with countable words or a countable noun.
E.g. accommodation – a place to live / a flat
Advice, air, baggage, bread, cheese, chess, chewing gum, chocolate, coffee, dust, equipment, furniture, grass, honey, ice, information, knowledge, lightning, luck, luggage, milk, money, news, paper, petrol, poetry, rice, salt, sand, scissors, sugar, thunder, travel, water, work.
Ex.4. Complete the sentences with is or are.
1. Where ______ your scissors? 2. Arabic _____ difficult to study. 3.
David‟s laboratory work _____ very interesting. 4. My sister‟s hair
_____ long. 5. My luggage _____ too heavy to carry. 6. There _____ an exam on physics today. 7. This information ______ correct. 8. A respirator _____ worn before entering the checking room. 9. Mike has only excellent marks on mathematics because mathematics _____ his favourite subject. 10. The news _____ rather boring. 11. Where ______
the money? 12. Their laboratory scales _____ quite accurate. 13. Her advice _____ very interesting. 14. This work_____ too hard. 15. Education_____ the key to success.
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Ex.5. Put in much / many/ little/ a little/ few /a few
1. She is not a good engineer. She has ______ breaks. 2. Nick is busy today. He has ______ spare time. 3. There was ______ traffic, so your way to the mine didn‟t take very long. 4. Not ____ of the operations were correct. 5. There is ____ time for finishing the work. Hurry up! 6. This is a modern laboratory. There are _______ old machines and equipment. 7. The workers know very ____ about leaching with acid. It is the first book they are reading about. 8. I don‟t know much about mining, only _____ operations. 9. It was a surprise that Lead has similar effect to uranium. ______ people even knew nothing about it. 10. How
____ times a week do you mine uranium? Two or three. 11. Would like sugar in your tea? Yes, ________ . 12. There are so ____ miners at our company, but not _____ of them are women. 13. I can‟t give you a decision yet. I need ______ time to think. 14. She‟s lucky. She‟s
_______ problems with night shifts. 15. Let‟s go and have a coffee. We have _______ time before the lunch finishes. 16. Do you have ____
work to do today? No, not very ____ . 17. I enjoy my working here. I have ______ colleagues and we meet very often. 18. You do not make
_____ mistakes in the reactor controlling. Do you work hard on it? Yes, I do, I work very ____ . 19. When was the last time you saw radiological costume protection? _______ days ago. 20. There is not too
_____ space in the control room.
Ex.6. Write a letter to your English colleague telling him / her about your scientific work / laboratory / nuclear atomic station, etc. Try to use countable, uncountable nouns and quantifiers.
PREFIXES MIS-, OVER-, UNDER-
Match the prefixes and their definitions |
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Mis- |
Too |
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Wrong |
Over- |
Below |
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Beneath |
Under- |
Bad |
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Above |
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Notes: If the prefix ends in the same consonant letter with which the root begins, both consonants are kept in the word.
Ex.1. Use the prefixes make up new words
Behave, charge, coat, come, cook, current, developed, do, eat, estimate, fire, fortune, hear, inform, lead, line, pay, place, print, sleep, spell, stand, take, wear weight, work
Ex.2. Write 10 sentences with words from Ex.1.
Ex.3. Translate the following verbs and write a short story with them.
to overcharge |
undercharge |
to overcook |
undercook |
to overheat |
underheat |
to overload |
underload |
to overvalue |
undervalue |
to overwork |
underwork |
Ex.4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. Put in the prefixes mis-, over-, underto express correct meaning.
Achiever, charged, crowded, developed, estimate, populated, understand, use, work
1. They have been charged with _________ of our company funds. 2. We _________ the experimental costs and had to find extra money for finishing. 3. It is too much noise in a control room, so I couldn‟t hear you correctly. Sorry, I __________ you. 4. Ann is a _____________; she is really smart but lazy and never works hard to reach the aims. 5. Some Russian villages and small town are becoming ________ because of young people‟s moving to big cities to get work. 6. We can‟t work a
_________ room. It is too many people here. 7. Nick works hard and needs a rest. He is suffering from __________. 8. Rich countries should support ____________ countries. 9. Mary __________ John. The price was $ 100 not $ 150. 10. There are not enough people in this country. It is ___________ .
Ex.5. Write a report using words with prefixes mis-, over-, under-.
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TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Transitive verbs need an object. Intransitive verbs don‟t need an object. Compare the pairs of sentences, find the verbs and objects.
Transitive |
Intransitive |
Mom made a cake. |
It is raining. |
Tom dances the tango. |
We laughed. |
I gave Ann a flower. |
He runs very fast. |
Note: Is it possible that one verb can be transitive and intransitive? In what cases?
Ex.1. Read the list of verb. Which verbs are transitive (T), which are intransitive (I), and which can be transitive and intransitive (T+I)? Make up a table.
Arrive, ask, begin, break, bring, call, carry, catch, change, close, come, cut, deny, disappear, do, dwell, eat, end, exist, fall, finish, fly, follow, forget, give, go, grow, happen, help, hide, invent, invite, know, laugh, lay, leave, lie, live, lose, make, move, occur, open, play, put, raise, read, receive, research, remember, result, rise, run, say, sell, show, sing, sit, speak, start, stop, take, take place, throw, try, turn, want, wash, watch, work, write
Ex.2. Make up a dialogue, use the verbs from Ex.1.
Ex.3. Read the sentences and decide if the verbs are transitive or intransitive.
1. All my friends are studying at universities. 2. My son broke the car. 3. John was offered a good job. 4. Mike received a letter from his father. 5. The Sun rises in the East. 6. After the holidays they showed us new photos. 7. I can walk for hours. It is useful for my health. 8. After discussion Nina described her plan to us. 9. Good results cost him many sleepless nights. 10. After the lesson a teacher laid his papers on a table.
Ex.4. Complete the sentences with the objects for the verbs
1.Our supervisor explained _________ to us.
2.She looked after ________ very well.
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3.Every time Mike is putting on _________ before going to the reactor.
4.The Smiths is a big family. They brought up __________.
5.The policeman helped _________.
6.When we told Harry no to come, he kicked _________.
7.My sister is cleaning ___________.
8.She runs ___________ very successfully.
9.There is _________ next year.
10.I can fly ___________, I have a pilot license.
Ex.5. Make up a power point presentation about your scientific interests with transitive and intransitive verbs.
MAKING COMPARISON
As … as construction
It is used when we speak about two |
My job is as difficult as yours. |
things that are the same |
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As + adjective / adverb + as |
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If two things are not the same |
Harold knows the safety measures not |
Not as / so + adjective / adverb +as |
as well as Tony. |
Even + comparative |
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It is used when you want to accent a |
If you follow the safety manual the |
comparative |
risks will be even lower than you are |
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expected. |
Ex.1. Write the comparative degree of the following adjectives.
Bad, cheap, competitive, conceptual, cool, corrosive, difficult, far, fast, flammable, good, gravitational, hard, important, little, low, many, much, polluting, possible, previous, protective, quick, reactive, regular, simple, small, steam, toxic.
Ex.2. Complete the sentences with “as … as”, “so … as” construction.
1. Block B is not … radioactive … Block C. 2. In all the country there is no nuclear reaction … safe … his. 3. Your clothing is not … protective … mine. 4. Their workplace is not … comfortable … ours. 5. Nick is going to be … attentive … his safety manager. 6. The nuclear wastes are … polluting … fuel manufacturing. 7. Toxic materials are … powerful … recycling spent nuclear fuel. 8. The radiation dose has to be
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… low … reasonably practicable. 9. The management of a plant was … weak … workers. 10. The temperature of a reactor is …high…it was yesterday.
Ex.3. Complete the sentences. Put the adjective into a suitable place
with “as … as”, “so … as” construction. |
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Clean |
difficult |
friendly |
hard |
heavy (2) |
practical |
responsible |
safe |
wide |
1. The safety officer is ___ for workers ___ the management. 2. To connect different units is ___ to shut down. 3. The protective clothing is not ___ I expected it to be. 4. My workplace is ____ a control room. 5. His first aid kit is not ____ mine. 6. The nuclear safety manual is ____
personal instructions. 7. The stuff is not ____ that one. 8. The working place is ____ the checking room. 9. Working at a nuclear plant is not
____ working in the office. 10. They work ____ we do.
Ex.4. Write 5 sentences with “even” and adjectives from Ex.1.
Ex.5. Complete the sentences with “as …as” construction
1.I know that your role of the inspector is important, but my job of a safety officer is important too. My job is …
2.The fuel reactions are fast, but the nuclear ones are faster. The fuels reactions are …
3.David‟s knowledge about nuclear security is poor, but Mike knows a bit more. Mike‟s knowledge is …
4.Using radioisotopes in medicine is useful, but vaccination is useful too. The vaccination is …
5.Developed countries spend $ 10000 a day on nuclear safety and developing countries spend $ 5000. Developing countries are …
6.Advanced nuclear reactors are safe, but nuclear plants are not safe.
Nuclear plants are …
7.A reactor manager wage is $ 100 a week, and a safety instructor wage is $ 250. A safety instructor wage is …
8.Radioactive and fuel wastes are toxic. Fuel wastes are …
9.Protective clothing is heavy, but the protective gloves are lighter.
The gloves are …
10.The radiation dose of 20 mSv is limited, but workers received the radiation dose of 50 mSv. The radiation dose of 50 mSv is …
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