Основной язык (теоретический курс) Стилистика основного иностранного языка. Учебно-методическое пособие
.pdf10.DeLaski’s studies of names of Dicken’s characters.
11.Pier Maruzo’s studies of vowels.
12.Style and theory of communication.
13.Prosody as the basic formal theory of English poetry.
14.Rhythm and its characteristic features.
15.Individual author's style of any XXth century writer.
4.СОДЕРЖАНИЕ УЧЕБНОЙ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ, СТРУКТУРИРОВАННОЕ ПО ТЕМАМ
Тема 1. Style study as a branch of linguistics. The notion
of style
General Notes on Style and Style Study. The Concept of style.
Definition of styles of different scholars. The object of style study.
Style study and its subdivisions.
The connection between stylistics and other branches of linguistics.
Тема 2. Functional Styles of the English Language
The classifications of functional styles. Literary Styles.
The Style of Official Documents. The Scientific Prose Style.
The Publicist Style.
The Newspaper Functional Styles. The Belles-lettres Style. Colloquial styles.
Literary Colloquial Style.
Familiar Colloquial Style.
Тема 3. Stylistic Classification of English Vocabulary
The problem of the Norm.
Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary. Stylistically neutral vocabulary.
Formal vocabulary.
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Informal vocabulary.
Тема 4. Word and its semantic structure
The notion of the meaning.
The semantic structure of lexical units. Lexical meaning of a word, its components. Connotative meanings of a word.
The Role of the Context in the Actualization of Meaning.
Тема 5. Stylistic Semasiology
Stylistic semasiology of the English language. The notions of a "trope".
Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
Classification of Stylistic Devices and Expressive Means by I. Galperin.
Тема 6. Phonetic and Graphical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices. Associative and sound-instrumenting power of phoneme. The employment of phonetic stylistic devices in poetry. Assonance.
Alliteration.
Rhyme.
Rhythm. Graphical Means.
Different types of graphon.
Тема 7. Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
The Interaction of Different Types of Lexical Meaning. Interaction of dictionary and contextual logical meaning
(metaphor, personification, allusion, allegory; metonymy, synecdoche; irony).
Personification, allusion, allegory, metaphorical epithet as structural varieties of metaphors. Functions and stylistic effects.
Interaction of Logical and Emotive Meaning (interjections, epithet, oxymoron).
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Interaction of Primary and Derivative Logical Meanings (zuegma, pun).
Interaction of Logical and Nominal Meanings (antonomasia). The interaction between two lexical meanings simultaneously materialised in the context (simile, hyperbole,
understatement/meiosis, periphrasis, euphemism).
The interaction of stable word combinations with the context (decomposition of set phrases, cliches, proverbs, epigrams, quotations).
Functions and stylistic effects of lexical expressive means and stylistic devices.
Тема 8. Syntactical Stylistic Devices and Expressive
Means
Syntactical stylistic devices based on the juxtaposition of the parts of an utterance (inversion, detached constructions, parallel constructions, chiasmus, repetition, enumeration, suspense, climax, anticlimax, antithesis).
Syntactical stylistic devices based on the type of connection of the parts (asyndeton, polysyndeton, gap-sentence link).
Syntactical stylistic devices based on the peculiar use of colloquial constructions (ellipsis, aposiopesis, nominative sentences).
Syntactical Stylistic Devices Based on Stylistic Use of Structural Meaning (rhetorical questions, litotes)
Тема 9. Literary text in the language hierarchy
The text as a main language unit. The literary text and its categories.
The basic text categories relevant to text analysis discreteness, integrity, conceptuality, information, implicitness, modality.
Тема 10. Text Interpretation
The principle the author-reader communication. Text analysis.
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Deciphering the author's implication as the main task of text analysis.
Synthesis of the main idea/ideas of the text. The Elements of the text analysis.
The role and functions of the title. The characters and the conflict. Setting and its functions.
The tone, the theme and the message. Artistic detail.
Тема 11. Types and Forms of Speech in a Literary Text
The author's speech.
Different discourse types such as narration, description, reflection (or digression) and persuasion.
The portrait and landscape.
The two essential components of persuasive writing: appeals to reason and appeals to emotions.
The narrator's speech. 1st and 3rd person narration.
The character's speech. Two types of character's speech, direct and inner speech.
The non-personal / represented speech as a combination of author's speech and that of the character.
5. ПЛАНЫ СЕМИНАРСКИХ ЗАНЯТИЙ
Семинарское занятие 1. Style study as a branch of linguistics. The notion of style.
1. The notion of style.
a.Fields of its investigation.
b.Multiple definitions of style as:
-correspondence between thought and expression.
-embellishment of language,(преукрашивание),
-technique of expression,
-literary genre.
c.Different styles of language.
d.Individual style.
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2.The notion of stylistics.
3.The two objectives of stylistics.
4.The place of stylistics among other language-studying
sciences.
Семинарское занятие 2. Functional styles of the English Language.
1.Functional Styles.
2.Principles of classification of functional styles.
3.Characteristics of different functional styles: (belle-lettres, poetry, emotive prose, drama, publicistic literature, scientific prose, official documents, newspaper functional styles, newspaper headlines, brief news items, press reports, advertisements and announcements).
4.Colloquial styles. Literary Colloquial Style. Familiar Colloquial Style.
5.Varieties of Language (the spoken language, the written language).
Семинарское занятие 3. Stylistic Classification of English Vocabulary.
1.The problem of the Norm.
2.Three main layers of the English vocabulary (the literary layer, the neutral layer and the colloquial layer).
3.The literary vocabulary: (common literary; terms and learned words; poetic words; archaic words; barbarisms and foreign words; literary coinages including nonce-words).
4.The colloquial vocabulary: (common colloquial words; slang; jargonisms; professional words; dialect words; vulgar words; colloquial coinages).
5.Stylistically neutral vocabulary.
6.Formal vocabulary. Informal vocabulary.
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Семинарское занятие 4. Word and its semantic structure.
1.Meanings of Language Units. The notion of meaning.
2.Stylistic (Pragmatic) Meaning.
a)Expressive Meaning
b)Emotive Meaning.
c)Evaluative Meaning.
3.Pragmatics as a Branch of Science.
4.Denotational and Connotational Meanings.
5.The Difference between Semantics and Pragmatics.
6.The Role of the Context in the Actualization of Meaning.
Семинарское занятие 5. Stylistic Semasiology.
1.General view on expressive means and stylistic devices.
2.Ancient classifications (Early Roman Antique Rhetoric; Hellenistic Roman Rhetoric System).
3.Modern Classifications.
a.G. Leech’s Classification Of Expressive Means,
b.I.R. Galperin’s Classification,
c.Y.M. Screbnev’s Classification,
d.G. Williams’ Classification,
4. General view on Figures of Speech.
Семинарское занятие 6. Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
1.Graphical Expressive Means and stylistic devices. Different types of graphon.
2.Associative and sound-instrumenting power of phoneme.
3.Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
4.Rhyme, rhythm and their functions.
5.Phonetic stylistic devices proper.
a.Onomatopoea.
b.Alliteration.
c.Assonance.
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d.Euphony.
e.Paronomasia.
6. The employment of phonetic stylistic devices in poetry.
Семинарское занятие 7-8. Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
1.The interaction of different types of lexical meaning.
2.Interaction of dictionary and contextual logical meaning (metaphor, personification, allusion, allegory; metonymy, synecdoche; irony). Personification, allusion, allegory, metaphorical epithet as structural varieties of metaphors.
3.Interaction of logical and emotive meaning (interjections, epithet, oxymoron).
4.Interaction of primary and derivative logical meanings (zuegma, pun).
5.Interaction of logical and nominal meanings (antonomasia).
6.The interaction between two lexical meanings simultaneously materialised in the context (simile, hyperbole, understatement/meiosis, periphrasis, euphemism).
7.The interaction of stable word combinations with the context (decomposition of set phrases, clichés, proverbs, epigrams, quotations).
8.Functions and stylistic effects of lexical expressive means and stylistic devices.
Семинарское занятие 9. Syntactical stylistic devices.
1.Syntactical stylistic devices based on the juxtaposition of the parts of an utterance (inversion, detached constructions, parallel constructions, chiasmus, repetition, enumeration, suspense, climax, anticlimax, antithesis)
2.Syntactical stylistic devices based on the type of connection of the parts (asyndeton, polysyndeton, gap-sentence link).
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3.Syntactical stylistic devices based on the peculiar use of
colloquial
constructions (ellipsis, aposiopesis, nominative sentences).
4.Syntactical Stylistic Devices Based on Stylistic Use of Structural Meaning (rhetorical questions, litotes).
Семинарское занятие 10. Literary text in the language hierarchy.
1.The text as a main language unit.
2.The literary text and its categories. The basic text categories relevant to text analysis:
a. Discreteness, b. Integrity,
c. Conceptuality, d. Information, e. implicitness,
f. modality.
Семинарское занятие 11-13. Text Interpretation.
1.The principle the author-reader communication.
2.Text interpretation and its elements. Deciphering the author's implication as the main task of text analysis. Synthesis of the main idea/ideas of the text.
3.The role and functions of the title.
4.The characters and the conflict.
5.Setting and its functions.
6.The tone, the theme and the message.
7.Artistic detail.
8.Interpretation of the texts:
a.«The Tyger» William Blake,
b.«To Kill a Mockingbird» Harper Lee,
c.«Doctor in the house» Richard Gordon.
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Семинарское занятие 14. Types and Forms of Speech in a Literary Text.
1. The author's speech.
a.Different discourse types such as narration, description, reflection (or digression) and persuasion.
b.The portrait and landscape.
c.The two essential components of persuasive writing: appeals to reason and appeals to emotions.
2. The narrator's speech. 1st and 3rd person narration.
3. The character's speech. Two types of character's speech, direct and inner speech.
4. The non-personal / represented speech as a combination of author's speech and that of the character.
6.КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ И ФУНКЦИИ СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ
PHONETIC EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC
DEVICES
Devoid of denotational or connotational meaning, a phoneme, according to recent studies, has a strong associative and sound-instrumenting power.
Well-known are numerous cases of onomatopoeia – the use of words whose sounds imitate those of the signified object or action, such as "hiss", "bowwow", "murmur", "bump", "grumble", "sizzle" and many more.
Imitating the sounds of nature, man, inanimate objects, the acoustic form of the word foregrounds the latter, inevitably emphasizing its meaning too. Thus, the phonemic structure of the word proves to be important for the creation of expressive and emotive connotations.
A message, containing an onomatopoeic word is not limited to transmitting the logical information only, but also supplies the vivid portrayal of the situation described.
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There are two varieties of onomatopoeia: direct and indirect.
Direct onomatopoeia is contained in words that imitate natural sounds, as ding-dong, burr, bang, cuckoo.
Onomatopoetic words can be used in a transferred meaning, as for instance, ding-dong, which represents the sound of bells rung continuously, may mean: 1) noisy, 2) strenuously contested.
Indirect onomatopoeia is a combination of sounds the aim of which is to make the sound of the utterance an echo of its sense. It is sometimes called "echo writing". An example is: And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain"
(E. A. Poe), where the repetition of the sound [s] actually produces the sound of the rustling of the curtain.
Poetry abounds in some specific types of soundinstrumenting, the leading role belonging to alliteration – the repetition of consonants, usually in the beginning of words.
Alliteration is widely used in English folklore, in proverbs sayings and set expressions: e.g. Praise is not pudding. Seldom seen, soon forgotten. Muck and money go together. Safe and sound.
Nowadays alliteration can be also found in book titles: e.g. Man and Mice (J. Steinbeck); Silver Spoon, Swan Song
(J. Galsworthy).
It is most frequent in modern poetry where it creates a certain melodic and emotional effect while enhancing the expressiveness of the utterance.
Assonance – the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed syllables. e.g. Dreadful young creatures - squealing and squawking. (D. Carter)
They both may produce the effect of euphony (a sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing) or cacophony (a sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or hearing). As an example of the first may serve the famous lines of E. A. Poe:
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