Времена английского глагола (2-е издание)
.pdfsince he (to leave) home. 8. We (to discuss) the matter during supper. 9. I cannot give you a definite answer as I not (to discuss) the matter with the manager.
Переведите на английский язык:
1. Почему вы надели пальто? Сегодня совсем тепло. 2. Ваш брат вернулся в Москву? 3. Когда ваш брат вернулся в Москву? 4. Вы кончили свою работу? - Да, я
кончил ее вчера. 5. Я принес вам несколько очень интересных книг. 6. Куд а вы положили мой словарь? Я не могу его найти. 7. Он положил документы на стол и вышел из комнаты. 8. Я никогда не читал этой книги. 9. Я никогда не купался после захода солнца, когда жил в Сочи. 10. Г-н Д. пришел. Он ждет вас внизу. 11. Я не видел его с лета. 12. Я уже говорил вам об этом два раза. Разве вы не помните? 13. Я не знаю, который сейчас час, так как мои часы остановились. 14. Наконец такси остановилось у подъезда большого дома. 15. Вы написали это упражнение очень плохо. Напишите его еще раз. 16. Он написал упражнение очень плохо, и
преподаватель велел ему написать его еще раз.
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The Past Perfect Tense
(Прошедшее совершенное время)
Образование
The Past Perfect Tense образуется при помощью вспомогательного глагола to have в
Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола.
Причастие прошедшего времени образуется путем добавления к основе смыслового глагола окончание –ed, а если смысловой глагол относится к группе неправильных глаголов, то причастием прошедшего времени является третья форма глагола таблицы неправильных глаголов.
Ввопросительной форме прошедшего совершенного времени вспомогательный глагол to have ставится перед подлежащим.
Вотрицательной форме прошедшего совершенного времени отрицательная частица
not ставится после вспомогательного глагола to have.
Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
I had worked |
Had I worked? |
I had not worked |
You had worked |
Had you worked? |
You had not worked |
He had worked |
Had he worked? |
He had not worked |
She had worked |
Had she worked? |
She had not worked |
We had worked |
Had we worked? |
We had not worked |
You had worked |
Had you worked? |
You had not worked |
They had worked |
Had they worked? |
They had not worked |
|
|
|
Сокращенные формы The Past Perfect Tense строятся следующим образом:
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
I’d worked |
I hadn’t worked |
She’d worked |
She hadn’t worked |
We’d worked |
We hadn’t worked |
You’d worked |
You hadn’t worked |
They’d worked |
They hadn’t worked |
|
|
Отрицательно-вопросительные формы глагола строятся следующим образом: Had I not worked? / Hadn’t I worked?
Had you not worked? / Hadn’t you worked?
Had she not worked? / Hadn’t she worked?
Had we not worked? / Hadn’t we worked?
Had you not worked? / Hadn’t you worked?
Had they not worked? / Hadn’t they worked?
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Употребление
1. The Past Perfect Tense употребляется для выражения действия, закончившегося к определенному моменту в прошлом. Этот момент может быть выражен по-разному:
a) точно указанным временем, к которому действие было завершено. Оно обычно выражено обстоятельством времени с предлогами by, before:
Пример:
I had written the report by two o’clock.
b) другим прошедшем действием, к началу которого рассматриваемое действие уже закончилось. Это другое прошедшее действие выражается формой The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
Пример:
When we came to the station the train had already gone.
2. The Past Perfect Tense употребляется в придаточном предложении после союза after (после того как), что связано со значением самого союза для того, чтобы подчеркнуть,
что действие придаточного предложения уже свершилось до наступления действия главного предложения.
Пример:
After the sun had set we decided to return home.
3. The Past Perfect Tense употребляется для выражения действия, которое началось до определенного момента в прошлом, продолжалось и не закончилось в тот момент. В
этом случае The Past Perfect Tense употребляется вместо The Past Perfect Continuous Tense с
глаголами, не употребляемыми в форме Continuous, с глаголами, выражающими продолжительное действие (to work, to live, to study, to teach, to travel, to last, etc.), когда факт выполнения действия не так значителен, как результат, и в отрицательных предложениях.
Пример:
He had known Mary for several years.
He had lain too long in the sun before the mother called him.
Those two had not spoken to each other for three days and were in a state of rage.
4. The Past Perfect Tense употребляется с такими союзами, как hardly... when, scarcely... when, no sooner... than для выражения быстрой смены событий.
Пример:
Hardly had I entered the house when the storm began.
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Раскройте скобки, используя the Past Indefinite или the Past Perfect. Instead.
1. Margot (to go) to the door and (to lock) it, and (to return) with the key. 2. He sighed again and again, like one who (to escape) from danger. 3. Then I (to search) for a piece of paper and a pencil, and I (to write) a message for the maid. 4. He (to make) tea and (to eat) the biscuits which Mrs. Aberdeen (to bring) him. 5. Ansell (to give) an angry sigh, and at that moment there (to be) a tap on the door. 6. When the film (to be) over they (to go) for a walk across the dark, damp fields. 7. The door (to open). A tall young woman (to stand) framed in the light that (to fall) from the passage. 8. Cassie (to spend) the night at home, and entering the dining-room (to glance) at the space above the fire. 9. He (to walk) about our sitting-room all afternoon, murmuring to himself. 10. It (to be) all so sudden that for a moment no one (to know) what (to happen). 11. He (to tell) me that they (to be) at the same public school and (to be) friends ever since. 12. At the age of seventy-four he (to be) excited as a boy about his expedition. 13. Near the door he (to see) the man he (to notice) at the station. 14. The house (to be) much smaller than he (to think) at first.
Раскройте скобки, используя, the Past Continuous или the Past Perfect.
1. Yes, Hatte? What you (to say)? 2. He even (not to count) the money that Lammiter (to hold) out to him. 3. I (to look) at her. She (to smile) to herself and (not to answer) my question at once. I (to repeat) it. 4. For some time she (not to realize) where she (to be) and what (to happen). 5. Then she (to get) up and (to go) to the kitchen and (to open) the fridge. 6. Toby and Michael (to smile) at each other and (to begin) to walk slowly towards the lake. 7. The silence in the room (to tell) that the rain (to stop). 8. She (can) not understand why she (not to think) of this before, she (to say). 9. He (to go) away on the very day I (to arrive). 10. My mother (to make) sandwiches in the kitchen and (not to hear) the bell. 11. He (to go) to school for the first time with a bunch of flowers in his hand, and it (to seem) to him that everyone (to turn) to look at him. 12. After he (to leave) school he (can) not find a job and (to decide) to go to New York. 13. The grass (to be) damp. It (to tell) us that rain (to fall) at the night. 14. Now he (to look) at me with wide-open eyes. 15. He (can) not help thinking that he (to see) that face somewhere before. 16. After he (to read) «The Gadfly» he (to tell) all his friends that he never (to read) a better book. 17. Roger (to say) he (to come) back in an hour. 18. She (to turn) half about and (to see) that the rain (to stop) and it (to be) a little brighter outside. 19. After the war they (to part) and he (to tell) me that he (not to see) her since. 20. She (to go) back to take her gloves and bag which she (to leave) on the hall table. 21. The storm (to pass) and the sun (to shine) on the green leaves of the trees. 22. He (to look) through the window and (not to seem) to notice me.
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Раскройте скобки, используя the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous, или the
Past Perfect.
The next morning, when I (to awake), the sun (to shine) brilliantly. It (to be) late and I (to have) no supper the night before, so I (to dress) quickly and (to go) downstairs. I (to be) surprised to find the doors locked and the house empty. A dozen times or more I (to call) out my host's name, but the house (to be) as still as a grave. What it all (to mean)? I (to begin) to doubt my wisdom in being so ready to trust a stranger. I ought to have gone on to the next village, where I (to know) my friends (to be) awaiting me. Instead, I (to be frightened) by a few drops of rain. At last, however, I (to hear) footsteps, and soon my host (to appear), looking, I (to think), rather strange. He just (to be) out, he (to say), to feed the horses. But I (to notice) there was the mud thick and wet upon his shoes and I (to wonder) where he (to be), and why he (to want) to deceive me.
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The Future Perfect Tense
(Будущее совершенное время)
Образование
Причастие прошедшего времени образуется путем добавления к основе смыслового глагола окончания –ed, а если смысловой глагол относится к группе неправильных глаголов, то причастием прошедшего времени является третья форма глагола таблицы неправильных глаголов.
В вопросительной форме будущего совершенного времени вспомогательный глагол to have ставится перед подлежащим.
В отрицательной форме будущего совершенного времени отрицательная частица not
ставится после вспомогательного глагола to have.
Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
I shall have worked |
Shall I have worked? |
I shall have not worked |
You will have worked |
Will you have worked? |
You will have not worked |
He will have worked |
Will he have worked? |
He will have not worked |
She will have worked |
Will she have worked? |
She will have not worked |
We shall have worked |
Will we have worked? |
We shall have not worked |
You will have worked |
Will you have worked? |
You will have not worked |
They will have worked |
Will they have worked? |
They will have not worked |
|
|
|
Сокращенные формы The Future Perfect Tense строятся следующим образом:
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
I’ll have worked |
I shan’t have worked |
She’ll have worked |
She won’t have worked |
We’ll have worked |
We shan’t have worked |
You’ll have worked |
You won’t have worked |
They’ll have worked |
They won’t have worked |
|
|
Отрицательно-вопросительные формы глагола строятся следующим образом: Shall I have not worked? / Shan’t I have worked?
Will you have not worked? / Won’t you have worked?
Will she have not worked? / Won’t she have worked?
Shall we have not worked? / Shan’t we have worked?
Will you have not worked? Won’t you have worked?
Will they have not worked? Won’t they have worked?
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Употребление
1. The Future Perfect Tense употребляется для обозначения действия, которое закончится до определенного момента в будущем. Этот момент может быть выражен обстоятельством времени с предлогом by или другим будущем действием, выраженным глаголом в The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
Пример:
I shall be back by six, and I hope you will have had a good sleep by that time.
2. The Future Perfect Tense употребляется для выражения действия, которое начнется до определенного момента в будущем, будет продолжаться до того момента и не закончится. В этом случае The Future Perfect Tense употребляется вместо The Future Perfect Continuous Tense с глаголами, не употребляемыми в форме Continuous, с глаголами,
выражающими продолжительное действие (to work, to live, to study, to teach, to travel, to last, etc.), когда факт выполнения действия не так значителен, как результат, и в отрицательных предложениях.
Пример:
I shall have been a teacher for twenty years by next April.
I shall have worked as a teacher for ten years by next April.
3. The Future Perfect Tense употребляется для выражения предполагаемого действия, относящегося к прошедшему. В этом случае The Future Perfect Tense
приближается по значению к глаголу must.
Пример:
You will have read in the newspapers about the conclusion of the agreement. – Вы,
должно быть читали в газетах о заключении этого соглашения.
Раскройте скобки, используя the Future Indefinite, the Future Perfect или the
Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. By the end of the year I (to read) five of Shaw's plays. 2. They (to leave) the country before you go to see them. 3. I can give you a definite answer only after I (to speak) to my mother. 4. By the end of the term we (to learn) a lot of new words. 5. I hope, when you (to do) this exercise, there (not to be) so many mistakes in it. 6. I expect you (to grow up) by the time I come back from England. 7. You had better not go bathing until you (to get rid) of that cough. 9. I'm sure you (to forget) me by that time. 9. She won't have any pudding until she (to eat) her potatoes. 10. When I (to learn) a thousand English words, shall I be able to read a newspaper? 11. I (to write) all my exercises long before you come back. 12. Don't ask for another book until you (to read) this one. 13. They will not return home until they (to see)
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Scotland, Ireland and Wales. 14.I hope that by the end of the year he (to teach) us to speak English a little. 15. Sit down, and when you (to have a rest) I'll show you the garden.
Раскройте скобки, используя Future Indefinite, Future Continuous или Future
Perfect:
1. The news, that he (to leave) the town was a surprise to all of us. 2. Edward is a
dear. I always (to be) very fond of him. |
3. By the end of t h e school year we (to |
learn) a lot of new words . 4. When he |
( t o count) the money he put it away. 5. I |
don't know anything about it. I (not to see) him lately. He (to be) mostly in London a l l these days. 6. When by half past two he (not to arrive) Dora was wor ried. 7. They say that by the first of January they (to live) in this street for ten years. 8. When I ( t o be) in your country for five years, I shall write a book about i t . 9. I ' l l stay until you (to do) your translation. I can help you if you allow me. 10. Those who (to write) the test may leave the classroom.
Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, в Future
Indefinite, Future Continuous или Future Perfect:
1. I (to wait) for you at five o'clock to -morrow. 2. I am sure that they (to complete) their work by May. 3. At 2 o'clock tomorrow I (to have) an English lesson. 4. Tomorrow at this time you (to sail) down the Moskva River. 5. I hope it (to stop) raining by five o'clock. 6. I hope the next mail (to bring) news from home. 7. She (to return) from the library at six o'clock. 8. I not (to work) at eight o'clock. I (to finish) my homework by that time. 9. At what time you (to be) here? 10. What you (to do) at eight o'clock? I (to work) on my report.
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Я думаю, что он будет участвовать в этой работе. 2. Не опаздывайте. Я
буду ждать вас в библиотеке в 9 часов. 3. Я уверен, что они выполнят свой производственный план к 15 декабря. 4. Он будет работать завтра весь день. 5.
Не приходите в 2 часа завтра, он будет занят. У него будет английский урок в это время. 6. Приходите в 6 часов. Директор подпишет все документы к этому времени. 7. Что вы будете делать завтра c 6 до 8? — Я буду писать статью в стенгазету.
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The Future Perfect in the Past Tense
(Будущее совершенное время в прошедшем)
Образование
The Future Perfect in the Past Tense образуется при помощью вспомогательного глагола to have в Future Indefinite (Simple) in the Past Tense и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола. Причастие прошедшего времени образуется путем добавления к основе смыслового глагола окончания –ed, а если смысловой глагол относится к группе неправильных глаголов, то причастием прошедшего времени является третья форма глагола таблицы неправильных глаголов.
Ввопросительной форме будущего совершенного времени в прошедшем вспомогательный глагол to have ставится перед подлежащим.
Вотрицательной форме будущего совершенного времени в прошедшем отрицательная частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола to have.
Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
I should have worked |
Should I have worked? |
I should have not worked |
You would have worked |
Would you have worked? |
You would have not worked |
He would have worked |
Would he have worked? |
He would have not worked |
She would have worked |
Would she have worked? |
She would have not worked |
We should have worked |
Would we have worked? |
We should have not worked |
You would have worked |
Would you have worked? |
You would have not worked |
They would have worked |
Would they have worked? |
They would have not worked |
|
|
|
Сокращенные формы The Future Perfect Tense строятся следующим образом:
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
I’d have worked |
I shouldn’t have worked |
She’d have worked |
She wouldn’t have worked |
We’d have worked |
We shouldn’t have worked |
You’d have worked |
You wouldn’t have worked |
They’d have worked |
They wouldn’t have worked |
|
|
Отрицательно-вопросительные формы глагола строятся следующим образом: Should I have not worked? / Shouldn’t I have worked?
Would you have not worked?/ Wouldn’t you have worked?
Would she have not worked?/ Wouldn’t you have worked?
Should we have not worked?/ Shouldn’t I have worked?
Would you have not worked? / Wouldn’t you have worked?
Would they have not worked? / Wouldn’t you have worked?
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Употребление
1. The Future Perfect in the Past Tense употребляется для выражения в прошлом
действия, которое завершится до определенного момента в будущем.
Пример:
I wondered whether they would have reached the place by noon. – Мне было
интересно узнать, доберутся ли они до места до того, как стемнеет.
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