Век химии (Английский язык для студентов химического профиля). Учебное пособие

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РФ

ФГБОУ ВО

«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХТЕХНОЛОГИЙ»

В. П. ФРОЛОВА, Л. В. КОЖАНОВА, Т. Ю. ЧИГИРИНА

ВЕК ХИМИИ

(Английский язык для студентов химического профиля)

ADE OF CHEMISTRY

(English for students of chemical direction)

Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом университета

в качестве учебного пособия

3-е издание, переработанное и дополненное

ВОРОНЕЖ

2019

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УДК 54.678.5:811.111(075) ББК Ш12 = 432.1,5

Ф91

Научный редактор доцент Е. А. ЧИГИРИН

Р е ц е н з е н т ы:

кафедра иностранных языков Воронежского государственного лесотехнического университета имени Г. Ф. Морозова;

доцент Е. В. АЛФЕРЕНКО (Воронежский государственный аграрный университет

им. императора Петра I)

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета

Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий

Фролова, В. П.

Век химии (Английский язык для студентов химического Ф91 профиля) [Текст]: учебное пособие / В. П. Фролова, Л. В. Кожанова,

Т. Ю. Чигирина; Воронеж. гос. ун-т инж. технол. -3 изд., перераб. и доп. - Воронеж: ВГУИТ, 2019. - 199 с.

ISBN 978-5-00032-419-6

Учебное пособие разработано в соответствии с требованиями ФГОС ВО. Пособие нацелено на подготовку студентов технических специальностей к работе со специальной литературой, обучение устным формам общения по научной тематике на материале предложенных текстов, системное развитие коммуникативных способностей студентов, расширение их активного и пассивного лексического и грамматического запаса .

Оригинал-макет данного издания является собственностью Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий, его репродуцирование (воспроизведение) любым способом без согласия университета запрещается.

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представленный в таблицах, а также англо-русский словарь минимум.

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Unit 1

GRAMMAR: Sentence Structure. Active Voice.

1. Translate the following words, word combinations and chemical terms into Russian:

definition, composition, reaction of matter, to deal with, to undergo, to relate to smth., chemistry’s origin, to go back, external pressure, to announce, to discover, to make a great contribution, to create.

2.Put the words in the correct order to form sentences.

1)knowledge, branch, fundamental, of, chemistry, a, is.

2)introduced, the A. Lavoisier, of, elements, the, concept,

chemical.

3)scientists, their, development, of, life, chemistry, many,

the, to, devoted, great.

4)chemical, industry, of, will, development, new, rapid, understand, phenomena, to, many, help.

5)of, properties, regularities, in, elements, the, discovered, the, he.

Text A

3. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary.

CHEMISTRY

What is chemistry? A popular dictionary gives this definition: Chemistry is a science of the composition, structure properties, and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems. Another, somewhat simpler dictionary definition, is; Chemistry is a science dealing with the composition of matter and the changes in composition that matter undergoes. Neither of these definitions is entirely adequate. along with the closely related science of physics, is. Chemistry also closely related to biology, not only because living organisms are made of material substances but also because life itself is an essentially complicated system of interrelated chemical processes.

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Chemistry’s origin goes back to ancient times, with the manufacture of bronze, iron, ceramics, glass.

At the end of the sixteenth century sufficient facts, entirely free of magic which surrounded the work of the alchemists appeared.

In the seventeenth century modern chemistry began with the work of Robert Boyle. He was the first one who studied quantitatively the relationship between the volume of a gas and the external pressure upon it. Later A. Lavoisier introduced the concept of the chemical elements.

In the 19th century A. Avogadro introduced the formulation of molecules. He stated that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

F. A. Kekule and A. M. Butlerov introduced the structural theory of organic chemistry.

In 1869 D. I. Mendeleyev discovered regularities in the properties of the elements. D. I. Mendeleyev’s discovery was the greatest one in chemistry.

Many great scientists devoted their life to the development of chemistry among them Bohr whose theory of the hydrogen atom was very important, the Curies who in 1934 announced the preparation of artificially radio-active elements, Marie Curie who discovered radium, and the element polonium.

Many great Russian chemists made a great contribution to world science. Among them, the outstanding Russian chemists

M.V. Lomonosov, D. I. Mendeleyev, A. M. Butlerov, Academician

N.N. Semenov, and many others.

Everyone now understands the importance of chemistry. The future of chemistry is practically unlimited. Rapid development of chemical industry will make it possible to create many new goods, machines, plastics, polymers, it will help to understand many new phenomena.

4. Answer the questions.

1.What definition does a popular dictionary give to chemistry?

2.What other definitions do you know?

3.What is chemistry related to?

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4.What can you say about chemistry’s origin?

5.What did modern chemistry begin with?

6.What did Lavoisier introduce?

7.Who introduced the formulation of molecules?

8.Whose discovery was the greatest one in chemistry?

9.What do you know about great chemists?

10.Why does the author say about the importance of chemistry?

5.Complete the following sentences using some active words and word combinations (see below).

1.Chemistry deals with…

2.Chemistry is a fundamental…

3.Chemistry is closely related to…and…

4.Life is an essentially complicated system of…

5.Many great scientists devoted their lives to…

6.Chemistry development makes it possible…

branch of knowledge, to understand many phenomena, interrelated chemical processes, different forms of matter, chemistry development, physics and biology

6. Retell the text using the following scheme.

1.The headline of the text is…

2.The text informs on (deals with, dwells upon)…

3.At the beginning the author makes close study of (considers)…

4.Then much attention is given to…

5.The text also tells about…

6.To sum up it should be noted…

Text B

1. Match the English words and word combinations in A with their Russian equivalents in B.

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2. Read the text trying to understand its main idea.

THE SCOPE OF CHEMISTRY

The scope of chemistry is extremely broad. It includes the whole universe and everything, animate and inanimate, in it. Chemistry is concerned not only with the composition of matter, but also with the energy and energy changes associated with matter. Through chemistry we seek to learn and to understand the general principles that govern the behaviour of all matter.

The chemist, like other scientists, observes nature and attempts to understand its secrets: What mates a rose red? Why is sugar sweet? What is occurring when iron rusts? Why is carbon monoxide poisonous? Why do people wither with age? Problems such as these – some of which have been solved, some of which are still to be solved

– are part of what we call chemistry.

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Now there are more than 30 different branches of chemistry. Some of them are: inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, nuclear chemistry, colloidal chemistry, and electrochemistry.

Inorganic chemistry deals with substances obtained directly or indirectly from minerals, ores and similar sources.

Organic chemistry deals with substances which are composed in part of carbon, and many of which are associated in some ways with living bodies, plants, and animals.

Physical chemistry is concerned with those parts of chemistry which are closely linked with physics. Physical chemistry includes many of the principles of physics as well as those of chemistry. The knowledge of this division of the science is particularly important in all fields of chemistry, since its fundamental laws of the basis on the different divisions are established upon.

Analytical chemistry is concerned with the identification, separation, and quantitative measurement of the composition of different substances that occur in nature.

Nuclear chemistry deals with the transformations of atomic nuclear and with the reactions which take place between them.

Colloidal chemistry is concerned with special properties of substances in a finely dispersed condition.

Electrochemistry is concerned with the relation between electriсаl energy and chemical change. Electrolysis is the process whereby electrical energy causes a chemical change in the conducting medium, which usually is a solution or a molten substance. The process is generally used as a method of deposition of metals from a solution.

The body of chemical knowledge is so vast that no one can hope to master it all, even in a lifetime of study. However, many of basic concepts can be learned in a relatively short period of time. These basic concepts have become part of the education required for many professionals including agriculturists, biologists, dental hygienists, dentists, medical technologists, nurses, nutritionists, pharmacists, physicians, and veterinarians, to name just a few.

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3.Divide the text into some logical parts and entitle them.

4.Translate the following sentences into English using lexical material of the text.

1.Химики наблюдают за природой и пытаются понять (разгадать) её секреты.

2.Некоторые проблемы всё ещё должны быть разрешены.

3.Существует более 30 различных отраслей химии.

5.Физхимия включает многие принципы как физики, так и химии.

6.Электрохимия изучает процессы электролиза.

7.Основные положения химии необходимы для многих специалистов, включая с/х работников, биологов, дантистов и т. д.

Text C

1.Pay attention to the following words and word combinations: to make investigations – проводить исследования; calculations – вычисления;

account – отчёт;

to set forth arrangement of the elements – выдвигать классификацию элементов;

the significance of the periodicity – значимость периодичности;

similarity – сходство;

to predict – предсказывать;

the existence of elements – существование элементов.

2.Read the text and be ready to say if the following statements are true or false. Use the following phrases:

As far as I know …

It seems to be wrong (right) …

I cant’t agree with you …

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I’m afraid you are mistaken …

On the contrary …

That’s right …

1.D. I. Mendeleyev graduated from Pedagogical Institute in

Tobolsk.

2.D. I. Mendeleyev was invited to lecture on theoretical and organic chemistry at Petersburg University

3.He went to France to continue his education.

4.His work "Fundamentals of Chemistry" wasn’t of great importance.

5.Mendeleyev created the Periodic Table of Elements.

6.Mendeleyev predicted the existence of unknown elements and their properties.

7.He carried out research in shipbuilding industry in Germany.

D. I. MENDELEYEV

Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev was born in Tobolsk in 1834. In 1850 he entered the Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg to study chemistry. Five years later he graduated from it with a gold medal and was invited to lecture on theoretical and organic chemistry at Petersburg University.

Then, in 1859, he was sent to Germany to continue his education. When he was living abroad, he made a number of important investigations.

The year 1868 was the beginning of his highly important work "Fundamentals of Chemistry". When Mendeleyev was working on the subject, he analyzed an enormous amount of literature, and made thousands of experiments and calculations. This tremendous work resulted in the Periodic Table of the Elements consisting of vertical groups and horizontal periods.

It was in March of 1869 that D. I. Mendeleyev published his first account of the periodic system, in which he set forth the arrangement of the elements in terms of their increasing atomic weights. D. I. Mendeleyev was the first to fully appreciate the significance of this periodicity. In his first paper D. I. Mendeleyev pointed out the similarities of a number of

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