Английский язык. Профессиональное общение специалистов в сфере технологии продовольственных продуктов и потребительских товаров. Учебное пособие

91

Text A

My field is the Technology of Fats and Oils Production

The economy of our country needs highly qualified specialists for food industry. Alongside with mechanical - engineers and technologist - engineers of breadmaking, confectionery and pasta production, dairy and meat production, canning, fermentative production, economists and specialists of food service our Institute trains tech- nologist-engineers of fats and oils production. This field was organized in 1982 at the technological faculty of our institute.

You won’t argue that fat is necessary for the life of man but until recently many nutrition workers have considered fats as optional components of the diet. It was believed that a good nutritional condition could be obtained in the absence of fat. Since the classical discovery of some scientists we know that certain unsaturated fatty acids are essential for growth and, in fact, for survival; it has been recognized that fats may serve as a required nutrient and not only as a source of essential fatty acids but also in a variety of other ways.

First, fat is the foodstuff, which possesses the greatest caloric density of any of other food products. A gram of fat has the energy of 9 calories; a gram of protein and carbohydrate - 4 calories only.

Second, you probably know that fat is a carrier of the fatsoluble vitamins. It is an excellent solvent for the carotenoids, vitamin A and vitamin D.

The last but not the least, fats are necessary in the diet to improve the palatability of the food. Low-fat diets are very unappetizing. Baked goods are also impossible without fats. The principal use of fats and oils in cookery is as follows:

1)for giving richness and flavour;

2)for cooking foods in deep fat;

3)for shortening as in biscuits, cakes and pastries.

Besides, fatty foods perform some very important functions in our animal lives. To do without them can be dangerous. Fats form a protective layer around the nerves to protect them from shocks. Fats also play an important role in our brain and entire nervous system. Another class of compounds derived from fats and known as the

92

sterols is also essential for the living organism. So we may say that in its higher forms life without fat is impossible.

There is a very important sphere of application of fats and oils. It is fats and oils industry which deals with the following: the production of vegetable fats; soap manufacture; the production of margarine; decomposition of fats and the production of fatty acids and glycerin; hydrogenation of fats.

At present we can witness further development of fats-and-oils industry. Advanced technique and automatic equipment are applied at our plants which require more and more skilled specialists. Demand for qualified technologist engineers is high. They have a wide range of job opportunities. They may be managers, researchers, designers, production engineers in industries such as food, cosmetics, etc. Upon graduating from the institute I’ll be a technologist-engineer of fats and oils production. I know that successful engineer is a person always trying to change things for the better. And I’ll do my best to become a good specialist in this field.

5. Закончите следующие предложения, используя информацию из текста.

1.The field of the technology of fats and oils production was organized …

2.It has been recognized that fats may serve as …

3.A gram of fat has …

4.Fats are necessary in the diet …

5.The principal use of fats and oils is …

6.Fats form a protective layer …

7.It is fats and oils industry which …

8.Advanced technique and automatic equipment are applied at our plants …

9.I’ll do my best …

6. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующим русским словосочетаниям.

дополнительные компоненты, ненасыщенные жирные кислоты, необходимое питательное вещество, жирорастворимые витами-

93

ны, для рассыпчатости, производные соединения, гидрогенизация жиров

7. Вставьте в предложения подходящие по смыслу слова и выражения, данные под чертой.

1.Fats are necessary in the diet to improve … of the food.

2.… are very unappetizing.

3.Fat is the foodstuff which possesses the greatest … of any of the foodstuffs.

4.It is an excellent … for the carotenoids, vitamin A and vitamin D.

5.Until recently many … have considered fats as optional components of the diet.

___________________________________

nutrition workers, calorie density, the palatability, low-fat diets, solvent

8. Составьте предложения, расположив нижеприведенные слова в правильном порядке.

1.The, faculty, this, organized, field, was, in, at, technological, 1982.

2.Are, low-fat, very, diets, unappetizing.

3.Layer, fats, protective, form, a, around, to, protect, shocks, the, nerves, them, from.

4.Role, our, Fats, important, also, play, an, system, in, brain, and, entire, nervous.

5.Important, is, a, very, sphere, there, of, and, oils, application, of, fats.

6.Automatic, and, advanced, technique, at, applied, equipment, are, our, plants.

9. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1.What kinds of specialists does the national economy of our country need?

2.What specialists does our Institute train?

3.What is your field?

94

4.When was it organized?

5.Fats serve as a required nutrient, don’t they? Prove it.

6.What is the principle use of fats and oils in cookery?

7.What are the main functions of fats in our animal lives?

8.Can we say that life is impossible without fat?

9.What is a very important sphere of application of fats and oils?

10.Where can fats and oils be applied?

11.What is your future profession?

12.What can you say about the development of fats and oils industry at present?

13.Where will you be able to work upon graduating from the institute?

10. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1.Жиры необходимы для жизни человека, но вплоть до недавнего времени многие диетологи рассматривали их только как дополнительный компонент питания.

2.Жиры и масла необходимы в питании для улучшения вкусовых качеств пищи.

3.Передовые технологии и автоматическое оборудование применяются на заводах, которым требуется все большее количество квалифицированных специалистов.

4.Спрос на квалифицированных специалистов пищевой промышленности высок.

5.Успешный инженер - это человек, стремящийся изменить вещи к лучшему.

11. Прочитайте и переведите диалоги.

The importance of fats and oils

-Hello, Maggy, haven’t seen you for ages!

-Glad to see you, Mary. What has happened to you? You look so tired.

-I’m not tired at all. The fact is I’m a dieter now.

-Poor thing! What diet is it?

-I don’t eat fat and fatty food.

95

-You don’t say so! But life without fat is dangerous! Don’t you know that?

-I think a double chin is more dangerous. Besides it doesn’t take me much time to keep to the diet.

-What a miserable lot dieters are! They are forever consulting caloric charts and turning their noses up at food.

-By the way, do you know that fat possesses the greatest caloric density of any of the foodstuffs? A gram of fat has the energy of 9 calories, a gram of protein and carbohydrate - 4 calories only.

-And what of it? Let people eat as much fattening food as they want. The thing is that one must not overeat. It is overweight that is bad for health but not fat as it is. And the diet must be balanced, of course. As for me I can’t do without oily fish and salads dressed with vegetable oil.

-What about bread and butter in the morning?

-Of course, I have it. It’s the sure way to be healthy.

-It’s the surest way to an early grave, I should say. But tastes differ after all.

-They do. By the way, Maggy, Christmas is coming. Let’s meet and discuss all the problems over the table. The goose will be the best argument in the discussion.

-Agreed. Whom are you going to invite to the party?

-Only close friends. Mike is one of them. He has just completed his thesis on fat-soluble vitamins.

-How very interesting! I’ll come by all means.

A Speciality in Demand

Maggy: Hello, Mary!

Mary: Hi, Maggy! How are you?

-I’m fine, thanks.

-What institute did you enter?

-I entered Kemerovo Institute of Food Science and Technology. Now I study at the technological faculty.

-Oh, That’s nice. What is your field?

-My field is the technology of fats and oils production.

-Where will you find employment after graduating from the institute?

96

-I don’t know yet.

-I think there are a lot of possibilities nowadays.

-Sure. I’ll be able to work as a technologist engineer at any food enterprise.

-I know that graduates sometimes continue their education at a postgraduate level.

-Yes, there is a good prospect if you want to do research at the institute.

-Is your education free of charge?

-Yes, it is. Besides, I get a grant.

-Well, I hope you’ll be a perfect specialist. Good luck!

12.Используя диалоги «The importance of fats and oils», «A

Speciality in Demand» в качестве образца, составьте собственные. Возможно, вам понадобятся следующие выражения.

1.Do you like the profession of an engineer?

2.It is a very fine profession, isn’t it?

3.Technology is your calling, isn’t it?

4.There are many careers open to you.

5.How long have you been in your trade?

6.What do you plan to do after graduating from the Institute?

7.I’d like to work …

8.No doubt, you’ll make a good engineer.

13. Из перечисленных словосочетаний и фраз выберите те, которые включают слово «OIL» в значении «масло». Обратите внимание на другое значение этого слова («mineral/petroleum oil»).

97

14. Запомните пословицы и идиоматические выражения. Подберите к ним эквиваленты на русском языке, предложенные ниже. Придумайте ситуации, в которых их можно употребить.

1.Fine words butter no parsnips.

2.To add oil in the fire.

3.To chew the fat.

4.The fat is in the fire.

5.Bread-and-butter letter.

6.To know on which side one’s bread is buttered.

a)придираться к чему-то, ворчать

b)сделанного не воротишь; спохватился, когда скатился

c)подлить масло в огонь

d)знать, что к чему; знать, с какой стороны ветер дует

e)разговором сыт не будешь; соловья баснями не кормят

f)письмо, выражающее благодарность за гостеприимство

15. Прочитайте и переведите стихотворение.

Bacon and Eggs

by Sir A.P. Herbert

Now blest be the Briton, his beef and his beer, And all the strong waters that keep him in cheer, But blest beyond cattle and blest beyond kegs

Is the brave British breakfast of bacon and eggs. Bacon and eggs,

Bacon and eggs, Sing bacon, Red bacon,

Red bacon and eggs

Oh, breakfast! Oh, breakfast! The meal of my heart Bring porridge, bring sausage, bring fish for a start, But let the foundation be bacon and eggs.

Bacon and eggs, Bacon and eggs,

98

Bring bacon,

Crisp bacon,

And let there be eggs.

16. Просмотрите рекомендации диетолога Дж. Шелтона и составьте меню на день, учитывая совместимость жиров с другими продуктами.

SHELTON’S RECOMENDATIONS

4 - good, 3 - sat, 2 - bad

17. Используя приведенную выше таблицу, расскажите о совместимости жиров и масел с другими продуктами.

18. Обобщите полученную информацию по теме «Моя специальность» и расскажите о значении жиров и масел в питании человека.

19. Расскажите кратко о том, что вы узнали нового о своей специальности. Скажите, как вы представляете свою работу в будущем.

99

ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕСТЫ

Test 1

1. Заполните пропуск, выбрав правильный вариант.

1.Fats are necessary in the diet to improve … of the food.

A.palatability

B.nutritional condition

C.required nutrient

D.foodstuff

2.The presence of fats in the gastrointestinal tract may aid the … of fat-soluble vitamins.

A.improving

B.increasing

C.unappetizing

D.absorption

3.Until recently many … have considered fats as optional components of the diet.

A.students

B.nutrition workers

C.children

D.human beings

4.Fats may serve as a required … and not only as a source of the essential fatty acids but also in a variety of other ways.

A.lubricant

B.solvent

C.nutrient

D.suspension

5.Phospholipids occur to a greater or lesser … in most natural fats.

A.amount

B.component

100

C.source

D.extent

6.Fats … vital organs and aid in the absorption and transportation of the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

A.direct

B.solve

C.access

D.protect

7.Olive oil can be … stored at room temperature for several months.

A.principally

B.safely

C.apparently

D.rapidly

8.Because olive is a fruit, it cannot be … for any length of time, nor can it be dried.

A.stored

B.worked

C.studied

D.obtained

9.Fatty acids … saturated and unsaturated acids.

A.includes

B.have been including

C.include

D.are included

10.The production of salad dressings … by the end of the week.

A.was completed

B.are completing

C.completed

D.had been completed

11.Soybean oil … mostly in shortening, margarine and salad oil.

A.are used