Английский язык для студентов направлений подготовки 38.03.01 «Экономика» и 38.03.02 «Менеджмент». Учебно-методическое пособие

Связующие элементы письма – Apart from above said…/

We’d like to draw your attention to the fact that…/ We have to admit that…/

В конце письма – We are looking forward to hearing from you …/ We assure you that we shall get in touch with you …/ Yours sincerely …

Задание 10. Переведите на русский язык письмо-приглашение участвовать в конференции.

Dear Dr. Frolov,

I very much appreciate your kind invitation to participate in the VIII Conference on Market Economy to be held in Kazan. I am sorry to lose this opportunity of coming to your country and meet my colleagues.

Had your invitation reached me a little earlier I would have been happy to attend the Conference. Unfortunately it is inconvenient for me to cancel my commitment to give a series of lectures to a body of undergraduates of Wisconsin University for that period of time.

All best wishes for a successful Conference. Please give my best regards to your colleagues.

Sincerely yours, Fred S. Ellington

Задание 11. Переведите на русский язык. Ответьте на вопрос после текста.

Соmplaining about faulty goods or bad services is never easy. Most people dislike making a fuss. However, when you are shopping, it is important to know your rights.

There are four golden rules:

a)Be persistent (but not aggressive). If your complaint is justified, it is somebody`s responsibility to put things right.

b)Don`t be afraid to complain. You are not asking a favour to have faulty goods put right. The law is on your side.

c)Examine the goods you buy at once. If they are faulty, tell the seller quickly.

d)Keep any receipts you are given. If you have to return something, the receipt will help to prove where and when you bought it.

Question:

Why is it necessary to be persistent when you have complaints in a supermarket and they are justified?

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Задание 12. Составьте краткую аннотацию к тексту в задании 11, используя следующие клише.

1.This text is about…

2.The purpose of the text is to describe…

3.The text discusses the basic principles of …

4.The author tries to show …

5.Finally, the text points out …

ВАРИАНТ № 3

Задание 1. Составьте 5 пар терминов, используемых в английской и американской деловой жизни и дайте их эквивалент на русском языке.

Например: rates (англ. яз), local taxes (америк. вариант) – местные налоги.

Preference share, stock holder, current account, to arrange a meeting, investment bank, checking account, merchant bank, to fix a meeting, preferred stock, shareholder.

Задание 2. Переведите на русский язык слова и словосочетания: To make up a contract, to cancel a contract, research and development contract, contractor, insurance risk, specification, force majeure, payment,

shipping, delivery.

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык слова и выражения из области экономики. Обратите внимание на словаинтернационализмы;

Внешнеторговая деятельность, объем импорта, международные связи, заключать соглашение, товары и услуги, заключать контракт с фирмой, лицензионное соглашение, срок поставки, цена контракта.

Задание 4. Напишите предложения, используя страдательный залог и заменив выделенное на английский эквивалент.

Например: The contract подписан by Mr. Brown. The contract is signed by Mr. Brown.

The price (не принимается) by the Buyers.

The contract (обсуждался) yesterday before their coming.

The export licence (была уже обеспечена) by the export company.

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Задание 5. Переведите на русский язык предложения со словом

contracts.

Задание 7. Переведите предложения, содержащие отрицание, на русский язык.

Not only did he arranged an appointment but signed several contracts. He did not fail to promote the product in the market.

He had no problems with the organization of the exhibition.

Задание 8. Определите предложение, содержащее инверсию, то есть обратный порядок слов, и переведите его.

It is the Draft Contract about export items that seems to be very promising.

It was not until Match that he got down to business.

Not only was he a good businessman but a talented engineer.

Задание 9. Переведите на русский язык выражения, используемые

вписьмах разного типа:

Вначале письма – In connection with our letter of… and in confirmation of your fax of … / We regret to learn from your letter of …that…/ In fact…

Связующие элементы письма – We are taking the opportunity to remind you that…/ Considering the above said we…/ In case of your refusal we…

В конце письма – We expect to hear from you in the nearest

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future…/ We wish to maintain cooperation with you …/ Faithfully yours…

Задание 10. Переведите на русский язык письмо-приглашение участвовать в конференции.

Dear Dr. Fokin,

On behalf of the National Committee of Biology I should like to inform you that the Section of Ichthyology proposes organizing an International Symposium on Salt-water Fish in London on 2Oth September, 2005.

I consider that this will provide an excellent opportunity for most eminent world scientists to meet and discuss the many problems of Ichthyology both on a national and international level.

We would kindly ask you to prepare a paper on the work of your section in this field of research. It would be much appreciated if you could reply to this letter at your earliest convenience.

Yours sincerely, Frank Brown

Задание 11. Переведите на русский язык. Ответьте на вопрос после текста.

Соmplaining about faulty goods or bad services is never easy. Most people dislike making a fuss. However, when you are shopping, it is important to know your rights.

There are four golden rules:

a)Don’t be afraid to complain. You are not asking a favour to have faulty goods put right. The law is on your side.

b)Be persistent (but not aggressive). If your complaint is justified, it is somebody`s responsibility to put things right.

c)Examine the goods you buy at once. If they are faulty, tell the seller quickly.

d)Keep any receipts you are given. If you have to return something, the receipt will help to prove where and when you bought it.

Question:

Is it necessary to examine the goods you buy at once? Why?

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Задание 12. Составьте краткую аннотацию к тексту в задании 11, используя следующие клише.

1.This text is about…

2.The purpose of the text is to describe…

3.The text discusses the basic principles of …

4.The author tries to show …

5.Finally, the text points out …

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ЧТЕНИЯ, ПЕРЕВОДА И ОБЗОРА

Используйте приведенные ниже фразы письменной речи для составления краткого обзора текста (Summary)

MAKING A SHORT SUMMARY OF THE TEXT

The text is headlined … / Текст озаглавлен …

The author of the text is ….. (unknown). / Автор текста …(не известен).

The aim of the article is to describe the problem of …/ Цель статьи – описать проблему …

The text presents a short summary of the ideas connected with …/

Текст представляет краткий обзор идей, связанных с ….

The article gives a description of … . / Статья дает описание … . The author presents information on … . / Автор представляет

информацию о … .

The article begins with a short discussion of figures and facts on …. /

Статья начинается с краткого обзора цифр и фактов …

At the beginning … the author points out that… . / Вначале автор отмечает, что … .

Next it is shown that …/ Затем показано, что … .

The author tries to explain that / Автор пытается объяснить, что.. The final paragraph states that … . / Последний абзац

подтверждает, что … .

In the end the author summarizes the ideas and facts connected with …

./ В конце автор обобщает идеи и факты, связанные с … .

In my opinion the information is valuable very useful … ./ По моему мнению информация очень полезная … .

I recommend to read it (to use it)… ./ Я рекомендую прочитать ее

(использовать ее) …

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ТЕКСТ 1: Successful Entrepreneurs Steven Jobs and William Gates

Although they live hundreds of miles apart, Steven Jobs and William Gates have much in common. Both were born in 1956. Both were pioneers in the personal computer industry. And both became multimillionaires when they were still in their 20s.

The earliest computers were highly technical machines, understandable only to scientists. Steven Jobs reasoned that if computers were made easier to use and less expensive, the public would buy them. He was right.

With $1,300 (most of which came from the sale of his second-hand Volkswagen van), Jobs produced what he called the Apple I computer. The success of the Apple I gave him the money to finance the design of new and improved personal computers.

In 1980 Apple sold its stock to the public for the first time, with a market value of $1.79 billion! Bill Gates was intrigued by the success of the new personal computers coming onto the market in the 1970s: Gates realized that the success of personal computers would depend on the availability of "userfriendly" (easy-to-use) software.

In 1975 he co-founded Microsoft Corporation which designed the basic operating software for all IBM and IBM-compatible personal computers. Today Microsoft Corporation is the largest software company, and Bill Gates, by owning 40 percent of its stock, has became the world’s youngest billionaire.

ТЕКСТ 2: Henry Ford and his Success

Modem production methods took a giant leap forward in 1913 when Henry Ford introduced the use of the assembly line in the production of automobiles. In those days, automobiles were built in much the same way as a house. That is, workers simply picked a spot on the factory floor, and assembled the car from the bottom up.

As his business was growing, Ford began manufacturing many of the component parts formerly purchased from suppliers. Typically, the components were put together by one worker who performed all the

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operations necessary to assemble them. The method was quite costly, and so only the wealthy could afford to buy automobiles in those days.

This did not please Henry Ford who wanted to bring the price of automobiles down to the point where most families could afford them. The key to achieving this goal, in Ford’s view, was through the improvement of labour productivity. He needed to find a way to 1) limit the number of operations performed by each worker, 2) bring the work to the worker rather than the other way around, and 3) perform each operation in the most efficient sequence he could find. He found what he was seeking in his new creation: the assembly line.

Ford's first line, introduced in April 1913, was used to assemble generators. Working in the old way. one worker had been able to put together 25 to 30 generators in a 9-hour day. This translated to something around 20 minutes per assembly. The new line broke the operation into 29 steps performed by individual workers on parts that were brought to them by the steadily moving assembly line. The new process reduced assembly time to an average of 13 minutes per generator. One year later, additional experimentation divided production into 84 operations and reduced assembly time to 5 minutes per generator. Assembly line methods brought the price of automobiles within the reach of millions of American families. As a result, automobile registrations jumped from 944,000 in 1912 to 2.5 million in 1915 and 20 million by 1925.

Henry Ford was not an economist, but his innovative production strategies had a revolutionary impact on American industry and living standards. As automobiles, appliances, and other labour saving goods of the new industrial age became less expensive and more affordable for the average family, it was clear that the assembly lines of a Michigan factory had changed American households as dramatically as its factories.

ТЕКСТ 3: Prosperity Decade

The 1920s were a period of great change in American life that lasted nearly ten years. The First World War had just ended, and a time of gay abandon, economic prosperity, and social change had set in. The automobile was providing the young people with more chances to get away from parental authority. Breaking the law could be acceptable and even commonplace. The tone of the times was one of excitement, of excesses, of new freedom. Such catch phrases as “The Golden Twenties”, “The Jazz Era”, “Prosperity Decade”, “The Boom” are used about those years.

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During the 1920s many people made money by buying shares, or stocks, in different companies. The price of a company’s stock depends on business condition. If many buyers want to buy stock in a company, the price of the stock will rise. If many stock owners want to sell their stock, the price will go down. In the 1920s stock prices seemed to go in only one direction: up. There were stories of shoeshine boys and office workers who made fortunes in the stock market in one day. People were making more money than ever before. Companies used advertising to encourage people to buy their products. Advertising became important to business during the 1920s.

Another way of encouraging people to buy more goods was called installment buying. When people bought a thing on the installment plan, they had to pay only a small part of the total price for the thing. Each month they paid another small some, called an installment. People paid installments until they had paid the whole price of the thing they had bought.

People were earning a lot of money, and the system of installment buying seemed a good idea. But some experts warned that too many Americans owed too much money. If people suddenly lost their jobs, they would not be able to pay their debts. Then business would suffer. But few people listened to these warnings. Business was expanding. People kept buying on the installment plan.

Shops were offering a wide range of new products for Americans to spend their money on. New appliances, such as washing machines, refrigerators and vacuum cleaners, made housework much easier. M. Cowly describes the same period of life as follows: “Year after year there were more factories employing more workers to produce more goods per manhour; year after year there were more automobiles on the highways, bigger crowds and brighter lights on the main stream, and in the suburbs more and more houses completely equipped with radios, mechanical things and popup toasters. Year after year the advertising pages were becoming more shameless; they tempted, flattered or frightened people into trading or throwing away everything they had bought the year before, in order to win the envy of their neighbours by acquiring, on easy monthly terms, the latest or super-powered, super-attractive model. Installment buying had plunged more and more people into debt...”

The golden years were up to 1929 – and then came Black Tuesday, the day of October 1929 of the inevitable stock market crash, that spanned ten

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years. In the early 1930s, many banks and businesses failed, and millions of people lost their jobs in the USA and in the UK and the rest of Europe.

ТЕКСТ 4: The Great Depression

The fun-feeled, trouble-free days of the 1920s came to a sudden end. In the 1930s the United States and the world faced one of the worst times in history.

In 1920s many Americans spent more money than they really had. They had bought many things, including stocks, on the installment plan. By the summer of 1929 there were symptoms of a coming depression. Prosperous years of the first two decades of the 20lh century created enough money for people to invest and speculate in the stock market. Millions of people were buying stocks in the hopes of selling them later at a higher price and taking a profit.

The market rapidly grew during 1927, 1928, and 1929. Then in October stock prices started falling and on October 29 the stock market collapsed. Tuesday, October 29, 1929, was called Black Tuesday. This event marked the beginning of the greatest depression in American history which spread to every country of Europe. The panic at the New York Stock Exchange was followed by the collapse of banks, railway companies, private companies, by the closing of factories, shops, and offices. The decline in production led to decrease in jobs which led to unemployment. As unemployment spread, there were even fewer people who could buy goods. So even more factories were closed down, and more workers lost their jobs.

The United States was in a depression – a time when the economy does not grow and many people are out of work. By 1932 one quarter of all the workers in the country could not find jobs. Many people had to work parttime. Others lined up for free plates of soup or tramped about the country, looking for a job. The whole society was in a state of anxiety and confusion. People started demanding active actions from the federal Government.

ТЕКСТ 5: The New Deal Program to get out from Great Depression

In 1932 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected President. Roosevelt, a Democrat Party candidate, promised change and the end of the depression. More than 40 states voted for Roosevelt and very quickly a number of measures, known as the New Deal came into action to end the depression.

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The New Deal program adopted some of the ideas of the famous economist Maynard Keynes. He claimed that government action was necessary to overcome the depression. Government needed to create public jobs, hire people for them and thus help them to make a living. Then people would spend the money they earned and help the economy to grow. Roosevelt accepted Keynes’s ideas only partially. He did not like the idea of central planning. He was also afraid to make people too dependent on the government for support. Nevertheless, the National Industrial Recovery Act was adopted in 1933. The Act regulated production, prices of products, and wages. The government helped businesses by providing low-interest loans.

The government organized building new roads, schools, hospitals, bridges, tunnels and dams. Under the New Deal, some young men were sent to camps in rural areas. There they worked at preserving the nation’s land, forests and water. The government paid actors and musicians to put on shows. It paid artists and writers to paint and write. The government also set up a system of payments to help people who were too old to work and people who were out of work.

The New Deal helped business people and farmers. The government asked businesses to set low prices for goods and not to produce more goods than could be sold. The government paid farmers to plant less: as a result of it, food prices could rise. The government also helped farmers to keep their lands by lending them money.

The government created companies that employed people in building dams and roads, houses and parks. The Civilian Conservation Corps, set up in 1933, gave temporary jobs to boys aged 18-25. By 1940 two million young people were employed by the government through this organization and work on reforestation and other conservation activities. Millions of jobs were created. Social Security was created. It was the first national system of old age pensions.

The New Deal did not restore the prosperity of the American people but it changed a lot of things in the country. First of all the United States government took responsibility for the welfare of its citizens and for providing security to people.

ТЕКСТ 6: Capital

One of the factors of production is capital. The word “capital” refers to all tools, machines, buildings, and other goods which are not consumed directly for the satisfaction of the buyer, but which are used to produce or

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