Английский язык для студентов направлений подготовки 38.03.01 «Экономика» и 38.03.02 «Менеджмент». Учебно-методическое пособие

A sole proprietorship and a partnership

There are a lot of kinds of business organizations. We are going to describe the main of them. A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person. Sole proprietorships are the most numerous, kind of business organization because they are the easiest and least costly to organize. There are other advantages. Sole proprietors own all the profits of their enterprises, they have minimal legal restrictions and don’t pay the special taxes placed on corporations. Sole proprietors also have the opportunity to achieve success and recognition, through their individual efforts. But there are also some disadvantages. A very serious one is the unlimited liability that each proprietor faces. All debts and all problems associated with the business belong to the owner. If a business fails, the owner must personally assume the debts. This could mean the loss of personal property such as cars, homes and savings. A second disadvantage is that the sole proprietorship has limited capital. Also, when the owner dies, the business dies.

A partnership is a business organization that is owned by two or more persons. Partnership offers certain advantages over sole proprietorship:

(1) Partners bring additional funds to a proprietorship, and fresh ideas and talents to business organizations. (2) Partnership is relativity easy to form and is not subjected to special taxation.

Partnerships have the following disadvantages:

(1)In many cases, each of the partners is subjected to unlimited

liability.

(2)Anytime a partner dies or withdraws from the business, the partnership is legally terminated. If the business is to continue, a new partnership agreement must be drawn up.

(3)The amount of capital that a partnership can raise is limited.

(4)Partnership may disagree, causing management conflicts that could threaten the firm’s existence.

Задание 8. Переведите текст об Интернете на русский язык. Составьте два вопроса к тексту на английском языке.

The Internet , a global network, embraces millions of users all over the world. The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the

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Internet: reading USENET News, using the World – Wide Web, telnet, etc. In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternatives to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can

communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world.

When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for the phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who actually pays for sending e-mails messages over the Internet long distances, around the world? The answer is very simple: users pay their service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of this fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger service provider, and part of the fee received by the larger provider goes to cover its cost of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.

Задание 9. Ответьте на вопросы на английском языке.

Do you spend more money than you earn or less than you earn? Why? Can you earn money with the help of a computer?

ВАРИАНТ № 3

Задание 1. Определите слова, используемые в американском варианте английского языка и переведите их. Уточните ваш выбор по словарям и справочникам.

corporation, company, post, highway, railway, drugstore, schedule, ground floor, color, centre, licence, program, catalogue.

Задание 2. Переведите термины из области бизнеса на русский язык. Составьте два предложения с любыми терминами.

advertising material, fax machine, original contracts, letters of credit, E-mail, telex-inquiry

Задание 3. Переведите предложения, используемые в телефонном разговоре, на русский язык. Укажите инфинитивы и определите их функции в предложениях.

-Hold on, please! I have to find out if the secretary is in.

-I want you to spell my name. It seems that you don't recognize me.

-We expect the agreement to be signed today. I'll call you then.

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- The tests to be carried out next week are important. There was a call from the Ministry.

Задание 4. Переведите следующее предложениe на русский язык, обращая внимание на союзы.

As the agency has contracts with the advertiser we don't need extra information about both the salesmen and the managers.

Задание 5. Переведите на русский язык правила передачи номера телефона в телефонном разговоре.

Each digit is spoken separately, i. e. no figure above nine is used.

In US usage "zero" ( and sometimes "nought") may replace "oh" or "zero".

The figures are usually grouped rhythmically in pairs ( pairing from the right).

If the two digits of a pair are the same, it is usually spoken as "double three" etc.

An exception is the GB emergency call 999 which is always "nine'nine'nine".

In numbers which include a code number, the code is to be separa rated by a pause. For example:

01-629 8344 – 'ou' one //'six' two nine/'eight three /'double four.

Задание 6. Перепишите, переведите письмо на русский язык и составьте один вопрос к тексту.

5th May, 2010

Dear Prof. Rodin,

It gives me great pleasure to inform you that the May issue of our journal has come off the press. We have forwarded to you under separate cover a copy of the journal and 20 reprints of your publication.

If you are interested in obtaining further reprints of your paper we shall be very glad to offer them to you at our regular prices.

We are very grateful for your contribution and look forward to receiving others from you and from your colleagues.

We trust we shall hear from you in the near future. Best wishes from myself and from the editorial board.

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Sincerely yours, Walter R. Winston, Editor-in-chief

Задание 7. Переведите текст Corporation: advantages and disadvantages на русский язык и составьте список терминов, используемых в литературе по экономике, с переводом на русский язык.

Corporation: advantages and disadvantages

Corporation is a business organization created under a government charter. Ownership of a corporation is represented by shares of stock and for that reason corporate owners are known as stockholders.

Corporations are so important because of the following advantages:

(1)Limited liability.

(2)Ease of transfer. Stock holders can enter or leave a corporation by buying or selling shares of stock in that corporation.

(3)Unlimited life. When the corporate stock holders die, their shares of stock are passed on to their heirs.

(4)Tax advantages. In certain instances individuals can reduce their tax liability by incorporating.

The disadvantages are:

(1)It is difficult and expensive to organize a corporation.

(2)Corporation is a subject to special taxes.

(3)Corporation whose stock shares are sold to the public gives up its right to privacy.

Not all business organizations fall into the categories that we have described. Other types of business organization are listed below: The S- corporation – the corporation for small business; government-owned corporations, cooperatives, franchises, joint-stock companies, cartels, etc.

Задание 8. Переведите текст об интернете на русский язык и составьте два вопроса к тексту на английском языке.

The Internet, a global network embraces millions of users all over the world. Can people make money from the Internet? If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial uses of this network will drastically increase. For example, some western architecture companies and garment centers already transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet to Eastern countries, where they are reworked and refined by skilled – but inexpensive –Chinese computer-aided-design specialists.

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However, some problems remain. He most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. However, because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many good encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent over the Internet is transmitted without any form of encoding, i.e. "in the clear". But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding program may be useful. Some American bank and companies ever conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved.

Задание 9. Ответьте на вопросы на английском языке. Have you bought anything this week? What? Why?

Do you use a computer to buy different things and how?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 5

ТЕМА: Business communication. Деловое общение.

/ At a conference and business meeting.

На конференции и деловой встрече.

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 5, необходимо изучить следующие разделы курса английского языка, используя рекомендуемые пособия и справочные материалы с указанными конкретными страницами для ознакомления.

1. Деловое письмо и деловая переписка.

Структура делового письма. / См. Пос. 3 стр. 93-101.

2.Сокращения, используемые в деловой корреспонденции. / См. Пос. 3 стр.74-76.

3.Условные предложения и правила их перевода на русский язык.

/См. Пос.1 стр.192-196, Пос. 2 стр.171-174, Пос. 5 стр. 104-106.

4.Сослагательное наклонение. Предложения с глаголом wish.

/ См. Пос.1 стр.193-195, Пос. 5 стр.106-109.

5.Передача отрицания в английском предложении.

6.Инверсия в утвердительном английском предложении.

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Рекомендуемые учебные пособия и справочные материалы * Пос. 1. Агабекян И. П. Английский для экономистов / И. П. Агабекян, П. И. Коваленко. – Изд.7-е доп. и перераб. – Ростов н/Д :

Феникс, 2006. – 413 с. – (Высшее образование)

* Пос. 2. Зайцева С. Е. Английский язык для экономистов. Course for Students in Applied Economics : учеб. пособие / С. Е. Зайцева,

Е. С. Шибанова – М.: КНОРУС, 2008. – 184 с.

*Пос. 3. Богацкий И. С., Дюканова Н. М. Бизнес-курс английского языка. / И. С. Богацкий, Н. М. Дюканова – Киев, 2003. – 352 с.

*Пос. 4. Английская грамматика для всех: Справ. пособие./ И. П. Крылова, Е. В. Крылова. – М.: Высш. школа, 1989. – 279 с.

*Пос. 5. Цветкова Т. К. Путеводитель по грамматике английского языка: учебное пособие. / Т.К. Цветкова – Москва: Проспект, 2011. – 168 с.

ВАРИАНТ № 1

Задание 1. Переведите на русский язык слова и словосочетания: To sign a contract, to perform a contract, contract for carrying out design and survey works, seller and buyer, time of delivery, shipping

instructions, arbitration

Задание 2. Переведите на английский язык слова и выражения из области экономики. Обратите внимание на словаинтернационализмы.

Иностранное государство, углублять совместную экономическую деятельность, деловые круги, акционерное общество, экономическая и финансовая помощь, экономические контракты, техническое сотрудничество, вывоз товаров, методы управления, репутация фирмы.

Задание 3. Составьте 5 пар терминов, используемых в английской и американской деловой жизни, и дайте их эквиваленты на русском языке. Например: rates (англ. яз.), local taxes (амер. вариант) – местные налоги.

First class investments, claim letter ,common stock, blue chip investments, ordinary share, letter of complaint, to run a business, right away, to operate business, immediately.

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Задание 4. Напишите предложения, используя страдательный залог и заменив выделенное на английский эквивалент.

Например: The contract подписан by Mr. Brown. The contract is signed by Mr. Brown.

I был встречен by the top manager.

This letter было уже отправлено by the secretary. The difficulties будут связаны with transportation.

Задание 5. Переведите на русский язык предложения со словом wish. Например: I wish he would tell me everything. – Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы он мне все рассказал.

I wish he were with us.– Жаль, что он не с нами. I wish I would get a letter.

I wish he would come to the office.

I wish she were my partner in business.

Задание 6. Поставьте нужную грамматическую форму в условные предложения на английском языке вместо их русского эквивалента.

If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network увеличится.

If you имели бы questions you will have got answers and recommendations.

If I sent the letter I would получил бы the answer.

Задание 7. Переведите предложения, содержащие отрицание, на русский язык.

Up till now we have received no reply. We need no equipment from this company. He failed to leave the message by fax.

Задание 8. Определите предложение, содержащее инверсию, то есть обратный порядок слов, и переведите его.

The ideas did seem promising.

It was this department he visited last month.

We could not support his proposal, neither could the Board of Directors.

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Задание 9. Переведите на русский язык выражения, используемые

вписьмах разного типа:

Вначале письма – We thank you for your letter of …/ In reply to your letter of…/ First of all…

Связующие элементы письма – We find it necessary to note…/ We wish to draw your attention to the fact that…/ We have some difficulty in…

Вконце письма – Your reply will be appreciated…/ We are expecting your representatives to arrive for the talks…/ Yours truly…

Задание 10. Переведите на русский язык письмо-приглашение участвовать в конференции.

Dear Dr. Simpson,

The Organizing Committee for convening the 111 International Congress on Problems of authorship to invention officially invites you to participate in the work of the Congress to be held in Moscow from 3rd to 9th July.

We would appreciate an early reply to this invitation and hope we shall have the pleasure of seeing you at the Congress. Further arrangements will be expedited if your immediate acceptance of the invitation is written directly to the Organizing Committee.

Please find enclosed a preliminary list of topics, which can cover your field of scientific activities. We kindly request you to inform us the title of

Соmplaining about faulty goods or bad services is never easy. Most people dislike making a fuss. However, when you are shopping, it is important to know your rights.

There are four golden rules:

a)Examine the goods you buy at once. If they are faulty, tell the seller quickly.

b)Keep any receipts you are given. If you have to return something, the receipt will help to prove where and when you bought it.

c)Don’t be afraid to complain. You are not asking a favour to have faulty goods put right. The law is on your side.

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Задание 4. Напишите предложения, используя страдательный залог и заменив выделенное на английский эквивалент.

Например: The contract подписан by Mr. Brown. The contract is signed by Mr. Brown.

The documents (не были посланы) by fax yesterday. The telegram ( будет отправлена) by him tomorrow. The terms of delivery (уже были обсуждены).

Задание 5. Переведите на русский язык предложения со словом

If I approve the report, you (отправишь) it to our manager tomorrow.

Задание 7. Переведите предложения, содержащие отрицание, на русский язык.

Your idea about future contacts is not improbable. We could not understand his idea, nor could my director.

Our company did not fail to respond to your needs quickly.

Задание 8. Определите предложение, содержащее инверсию, то есть обратный порядок слов, и переведите его.

Of great significance is his plan about reorganizing the Export Department. It is our export equipment that is of interest to me.

These partners did seem the most promising.

Задание 9. Переведите на русский язык выражения, используемые

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