Английский язык для студентов направлений подготовки 38.03.01 «Экономика» и 38.03.02 «Менеджмент». Учебно-методическое пособие

Задание 3. Дайте эквиваленты надписей на русском языке. DON’T LITTER CAR WASH PUBLIC PARKING WALK SLOW CHILDREN

Задание 4. Напишите полностью названия американских штатов. Для справок используйте приложения к словарям и справочникам.

Ind…a Missi…..i Mary…d Ne..da Illin..s

Задание 5. Расшифруйте символы-названия валют разных стран. Для справок используйте приложения к словарям и справочникам. FRF SK CAD

Задание 6. Используя правила словообразования, образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов:

to compose, to discuss, to calculate, to modify, to invest

Задание 7. Образуйте на английском языке множественное число существительных.

Path, hobby, foot, phenomenon, savings, information

Задание 8. Напишите прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Помните об исключениях из правил.

Simple, personal, bad, clever, happy

Задание 9. Укажите местоимения, использованные в предложениях. К первому предложению задайте общий, специальный, разделительный и альтернативный вопросы:

We looked for a specialist for this project two weeks ago.

The Director told us that you have excellent references from your previous job.

What country will I go to?

You will have to excuse me a moment while I finish signing these letters.

I feel that my experience in this field would not be used to its full capacity.

Задание 10. Переведите на русский язык безличные предложения.

Образец: It was getting dark. – Темнело.

It is possible that we investigate your business proposal next week.

21

It is desirable that we get information in time.

It was 3 o’clock in the night when we received the letter. It is no use taking risks now.

It is necessary to require further information about this firm.

Задание 11. Проанализируйте сложное предложение, укажите сказуемое главного предложения. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

We probably could meet tomorrow after you have looked through the materials about the printer that we are planning to buy next month.

Задание 12. Прочитайте и переведите текст The Underground Economy на русский язык и составьте список терминов, используемых в литературе по экономике, с переводом на русский язык.

Text: The Underground Economy How Large Is the Underground Economy?

For obvious reasons, it is extremely difficult to measure how much income people are hiding from the government. Economists, however, have been able to make some educated guesses. Since most of the underground economy is based on cash, it is assumed that where more cash than is necessary for normal business is in circulation, it is going to finance unreported transactions. Using cash in circulation and other data, economists now estimate that the underground economy amounts to anywhere from 5 percent to 15 percent of the nation's GNP. That would mean that in 1989 the underground economy totalled something between $250 billion and S750 billion dollars!

The Underground Economy Leads to Higher Taxes and/or Larger Deficits. Since the money earned in the underground economy is untaxed. the government loses billions of dollars in potential revenue. This can only be made up through higher taxes on the honest segment of the population, increased debt or reduced spending.

The Underground Economy Can Lead to Misguided Policies.

Government policies are based on the best available information. Since economic activity in the underground economy is unreported, the lack of information can lead government policy makers to make incorrect decisions on how to deal with economic problems.

Задание 13. Прочитайте, переведите текст Cаnada and Australia на русский язык и ответьте на вопросы. Используйте текст для составления диалога.

22

Cаnada and Australia

Canada consists of almost all the North American continent. Its total land area of more than 9 mln sq. km makes it the second largest country in the world. The total population according to the 1981 census was about 24 mln people with an average population density of 2.8 per sq.km. English and French are the official languages of Canada and have equal status, rights and privileges as to their use in all governmental institutions.

Canada is a federation of 10 provinces and 2 northern territories. The federal Parliament is made up of the Houses of Commons and the Senate. The leader of party wins the largest number of seats in a newly elected House of Commons is asked to form the government.

The civil law follows English common law everywhere except in Quebec, where it follows the Napoleonic Code.

Basically, Canada has a free-enterprise economy. It is a world leader in the production of asbestos, nickel and other elements and forestry products. It ranks first in the world in export of minerals. Agriculture is of major importance to the economy as a whole. Canada is among the world’s leading wheat producers and is second in the export of wheat.

Australia is another English-speaking country. It is the world’s smallest continent which has total area of 7, 682, 300 sq.km. The total population in 1986 was about 16 mln people with the average population density of about 2 people per sq. km. Most Australians are of British or Irish ancestry. The capital of Australia is Canberra. Australia has a federal parliamentary government. The Australian federation was formed on January 1, 1901, from six former British colonies, which thereupon became states. The Australian constitution combines the traditions of British parliamentary monarchy with important elements of the US federal system. Powers of the federal government are enumerated and limited. The government consists of the British sovereign and the Australian Parliament.

Australia is the world’s largest wool producer and one of the world’s largest wheat exporters. The main sources of foreign earnings are wool, food and minerals whichalsoprovideraw materials for home processing industries.

Questions:

1.What are the official languages of Canada?

2.Who forms the Canadian government?

3.What industries are developed in Canada?

4.How many states does Australia consist of?

5.What is the principal peculiarity of the Australian constitution?

23

И. П. Агабекян, П. И. Коваленко. – Изд.7-е доп. и перераб. – Ростов н/Д : Феникс, 2006. – 413 с. – (Высшее образование)

* Пос. 2. Зайцева С. Е. Английский язык для экономистов. Course for Students in Applied Economics : учеб. пособие / С. Е. Зайцева,

Е. С. Шибанова – М.: КНОРУС, 2008. – 184 с.

*Пос. 3. Богацкий И. С., Дюканова Н. М. Бизнес-курс английского языка. / И. С. Богацкий, Н. М. Дюканова – Киев, 2003. – 352 с.

*Пос. 4. Английская грамматика для всех: Справ. пособие./ И. П. Крылова, Е. В. Крылова. – М.: Высш. школа, 1989. – 279 с.

*Пос. 5. Цветкова Т. К. Путеводитель по грамматике английского языка: учебное пособие. / Т.К. Цветкова – Москва: Проспект, 2011. – 168 с.

ВАРИАНТ № 1

Задание 1. Переведите на русский язык и определите, из какого языка происходят слова. Используйте Словарь иностранных слов в качестве справочного пособия.

department, contract, organization

Задание 2. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

To establish business, joint stock company, promising job, business oriented

Задание 3. Определите сказуемые в главном и придаточных предложениях, укажите их наклонение, время, вид и залог. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

Образец: writes – глагол to write в изъявительном наклонении, в настоящем времени, несовершенного вида, в действительном залоге.

I am very interested in the growth potential of the position that we discussed, and I hope you will consider me as a serious candidate.

Задание 4. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык, исходя из контекста. Обратите внимание на использование глагола в эмфатической конструкции для усиления значения.

Do apply for a job in person. Do answer questions honestly.

Задание 5. Поставьте в предложение нужное слово, выбрав его из следующих слов: limit, appreciate, isolate

Don’t … yourself from contacts that might help you find a job.

25

Management by objectives tells a manager what he ought to do. The proper organization of his job enables him to do it, but it is the spirit of the organization that determines whether he will do it or not. It is the spirit that motivates, that calls upon a man’s reserves of dedication and effort, that decides whether he will give his best or do just enough to get by.

It is the purpose of an organization to “make common men do uncommon things” – said Lord Beveridge. No organization can depend on genius; the supply is always scarce and always unpredictable. But it is the test of an organization that it makes ordinary human beings perform better that they are capable of, that it brings out whatever strength there is in its members and uses it to make all other members perform better. It is the test of an organization that it neutralizes the weakness of its members.

Задание 11. Переведите текст на русский язык. Составьте два вопроса к тексту на английском языке.

When Honduras exports bananas to Switzerland, they can use the money they earn to import Swiss chocolate – or to pay for Kuwaiti oil or a vacation in Hawaii. The basic idea of international trade and investment is simple; each country produces goods or services that can be either consumed at home or exported to other countries.

The main difference between domestic trade and international trade is the use of foreign currencies to pay for the goods and services crossing international borders. Although global trade is often added up in U.S. dollars, the trading itself involves various currencies. Japanese videocassette recorders are paid for in Euros in Berlin, and German cars are paid for in U.S. dollars in Boston.

Indian tea, Brazilian coffee, and American films are sold around in currencies as diverse as Turkish liras and Mexican pesos. In an interlinked global economy consumers are given the opportunity to buy the best products at the best prices. By opening up markets, a government allows its citizens to produce and export those things they are best at and to import the rest, choosing from whatever the world has to offer.

After reading this information, I decided to apply for the position in a company importing Swiss chocolate.

Задание 12. Переведите текст Market Economy на русский язык и составьте список терминов, используемых в литературе по экономике, с переводом на русский язык.

27

Market Economy

Business and their employees supply people with electricity, water, TV programs, and telephone services. Stores stock shelves with clothes and other things people want. These are signs of a market economy at work. As consumers, people make choices. They help answer the “what”, “how” and “who” questions that organise and coordinate the production and exchange of goods and services in a market economy.

When the fastest-rising young rock group, the And-So-Forths, appeared in a televised concert, they wore old-fashioned saddle shoes. That week shoe stores around the country reported receiving calls for saddle shoes "like the And-So-Forths wear." Although some of the storekeepers thought that the first customers to ask for the strange shoe style were joking, they soon got the message. Before long, saddle shoes could be seen in most of the nation's shoe stores.

The events described in the paragraph above probably would not have taken place in a traditional or a command economy. Changes in clothing styles in a traditional society could occur only over a period of many years. Those who make the decisions in a command economy might give in to public pressure and produce saddle shoes, but it is their decision to make. In a market economy, or free enterprise system as it is sometimes called, it is likely that if consumers really want saddle shoes, they will get them.

ВАРИАНТ № 2

Задание 1. Переведите на русский язык и определите, из какого языка происходят слова. Используйте Словарь иностранных слов в качестве справочного пособия.

export, correspondence, demonstration

Задание 2. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

To run a business, joint venture, application for a position, to take courses in marketing

Задание 3. Определите сказуемые в главном и придаточных предложениях, укажите наклонение, время, вид и залог. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

Образец: writes – глагол to write в изъявительном наклонении, в

28

настоящем времени, несовершенного вида, в действительном залоге. If you are applying for a specific position, you have to describe your

educational background and professional experience and focus on the things that best relate to the position you are applying for.

Задание 4. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык, исходя из контекста. Обратите внимание на использование глагола в эмфатической конструкции для усиления значения.

Do know the importance of getting along with people. Do try to be optimistic in your attitude.

Задание 5. Поставьте в предложение нужное слово, выбрав его из следующих слов:

true, incorrect, exciting

Don’t write … information about yourself to make it look better.

Задание 6. Поставьте слово в скобках в нужную глагольную форму в вопросительных предложениях.

When (to be) the deadline for application last month? Have you (to get) any questions to me?

Задание 7. Составьте вопросительные предложения со словами: experience, responsibilities, job interests

Задание 8. Переведите на русский язык предложения, используемые при устройстве на работу.

1.I recently heard that there is a vacancy in your sales department.

2.I appreciate the opportunity to work on my own initiative.

3.During training for my present job, I took courses in marketing and management.

Задание 9. Заполните пропуски необходимыми словосочетаниями: contacts, job interests and concerns, job advertisements, additional practice

Talk to as many people as possible about your …. . Talk to your friends, neighbours, and your family or relatives. These … may help you get more information about different jobs; to form “network” of people interested in helping you; to find people who work in the area of your interest; each discussion will give you ….. in expressing yourself.

29

People use many methods of finding jobs. They answer ….. or apply directly to employers.

Задание 10. Переведите текст на русский язык. Напишите основную идею текста в одном предложении.

The main idea of the text is to show (to describe, to analyse) …

Every organization has its spirit. It is the spirit that motivates, that calls upon a man’s reserves of dedication and effort that decides whether he will give his best or do just enough to get by.

Altogether the test of a good spirit is not that “people get along together”; it is performance, not conformance. ‘Good human relations’ not grounded in the satisfaction of good performance and the harmony of proper working relations are actually poor human relations and result in poor spirit. They do not make people grow; they make them conform and contract. I shall never forget the university president who once said to me: ”It is my job to make it possible for the first – rate teacher to teach. Whether he gets along with his colleagues or with me – and very few really good teachers do either – is irrelevant. We certainly have a collection of problem children here – but, boy, do they teach.” When his successor substituted this for a policy of ‘peace and harmony,” both the performance and the spirit of the faculty rapidly went to pieces.

To “make common men do uncommon things” is the purpose of a good organization. The saying sums up the ”spirit of an organization.” It is the inscription on Andrew Carnegie’s tombstone: Here lies a man who knew how to enlist in his service better men than himself.

Задание 11. Переведите текст на русский язык. Составьте два вопроса к тексту на английском языке.

In the realm of foreign commerce, the US led the world in the value of imports in 1986, and was second only to the Federal Republic of Germany in the value of exports.

Exports of domestic merchandise, raw materials, agricultural and industrial products, and military goods amounted in 1985 to nearly $207 billion. Only rapidly growing export category was computers, which rose from $1.2 billion in 1970 to $ 13.8 in 1985, grain exports rose from $2.6 to $11.25 in 1985.

The largest proportion of US foreign trade is with nations of the

30