The Infinitive. The Gerund. The Participle. Учебное пособие

96. Rephrase the sentences using the words or phrases (in brackets).

1) We do not allow smoking in the restaurant. (our guests) 2) The university administration doesn’t permit using the car park. (the students) 3) The school forbids coming late to classes. (the students) 4) It is not allowed to take photos in the museum. (the administration, visitors) 5) The board of directors recommends mailing complaints to the HR department. (the staff) 6) We advise early booking in our hotel. (our guests) 7) Entering the area during the investigation was not permitted. (the police, we) 8) The doctor advised resting.(her patient) 9) She doesn’t allow watching TV at weekends. (her children) 10) My colleague strongly advised rejecting the offer. (I)

REMEMBER – FORGET – REGRET – BE SORRY (FOR) 97. Use the infinitive or the gerund of the verbs in brackets.

1)I remember ____________ (put) the key in the drawer here, but it’s not here now.

2)I must remember ____________ (leave) you some money to pay for the repairs.

3)I remember ____________ (have) some really interesting discussions with him when we’d go to a pub together or see a band somewhere.

4)Remember ____________(attach) the receipts. This claim will not be paid in the absence of the relevant documentation.

5)I remember ____________ (go) to the dentist as a child.

6)I must remember ____________ (go) to the dentist next Saturday.

7)The baby fell out of the cot because his father had forgotten

____________ (put) the cot side up.

8)I’ll never forget ____________ (see) your Grandpa for the first time, I couldn’t believe any human being could have a face like that.

9)I’ll never forget ____________ (visiting) Prague for the first time.

10)We mustn’t forget ____________ (visit) Martina when we are in Prague.

98. Use the infinitive or the gerund of the verbs in brackets.

1)Sorry ____________ (trouble) you, but could you pass me the salt please?

2)I am sorry ____________ (say) this, but your report is very unsatisfactory.

3)Iamsorryfor____________(trouble)you.Ididn’tmeantowakeyouup.

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4)The Trust regret ____________ (announce) the death, on January 17, of D.A. Crawley.

5)I refer to your recent application and interview for the above position and regret ____________ (inform) you that on this occasion you have been unsuccessful.

6)I still regret ____________ (part) with my childhood friend.

7)She was sorry ____________ (express) her feelings. She shouldn’t have.

8)I really regret ____________ (tell) her what happened.

9)No sooner had she said the words than she regretted ____________

(say) them.

10)I regret ____________ (tell) you that your wife will have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.

99. Rephrase the sentences so as to use the gerund.

1)The moment the words left her lips she regretted them.

2)In our dreams in most cases we recognize certain words, persons, animals or objects but we often don’t remember if we have seen them in real life.

3)By the time he reached the village,Andrew regretted his hasty words.

4)With a little grunt, he returned to his cooking and she regretted her abrupt refusal.

5)He bitterly regretted the question as soon as it was out of his mouth.

6)When the officer returned to make his report, the commander did not remember that he had sent him on the secret mission.

7)She regretted that she had had to make this incoherent speech.

8)She could remember that she had heard about the BerlinWall, although at the time she’d never paid much attention.

9)She instantly regretted the question when she saw the expression that crossed his face.

10)Actually, he regretted that he had opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them.

11)He regretted that he had had that man as a guest in his house.

12)At that moment, as much as I had regretted that I had dropped the perfume on the bed, I regretted even more that the smell of it had become so commonplace to me that I no longer noticed it was there.

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100. Fill in the gaps below with the infinitive or the gerund of the verbs in brackets. You will have to use one preposition.

CHEEKY CHAPS

I remember (1) ____________ (sit) inside a chip shop in the middle of Shetland’s port of Lerwick on a summer day of lashing rain and gales, watching the hilarious activities of one particularly tenacious herring gull outside.

It waited, sharp eyes missing nothing, and as soon as a victim appeared, it started

(2) ____________ (beg) for fish and chips. We watched couples (3) ____________ (appear) in their cars and

(4)____________ (park) outside. Usually the male got out to come inside

(5)____________ (order). Then he returned to the car with his booty and the couple would sit inside to eat in peace. But this was when it all went wrong, for once the paper was opened and the food on view through the wet windscreen, the bird would land on the roof and peer down to tap rudely on the glass with its bill.

This infuriated the driver, who then opened the window (6) ____________

(chase) it off. But the gull was tenacious, and rushed to the back of the car roof and out of reach. After a few minutes, the roof top demon slid right down the windscreen and on to the bonnet. A rude face peered in, looking at the occupants with a greedy beady eye.

I laughed so much that I had to look away for fear (7) ____________

(offend) the infuriated couple.

The show was far too good (8) ____________ miss!

(after Cheeky Chaps by P. Pullar,

The People’s Friend Seaside, 2014, No 92)

GO ON – STOP–FINISH

101. Fill in the gaps with gerunds orinfinitives of the verbs in brackets.

1)Mrs Fox stopped ____________ (chop) fruit and pointed the tip of her knife at Sheila.

2)She had finished ____________ (work) and was taking time out in a café on the corner of the street.

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3)Stop ____________ (squabble)!

4)We stopped at the petrol station ____________ (fill) the tank.

5)The students didn’t notice the teacher had entered the classroom and went on ____________ (talk).

6)No matter what, go on____________ (talk).

7)After opening the new school the mayor went on ____________

(meet) the staff.

8)The lecturer went on and on, but suddenly she stopped ____________

(get) the attention of the audience. She was going to make an important statement.

9)When the fire started, everybody rushed out of the building. Actually, nobody stopped ____________ (collect) their books or coats.

10)After describing the current trends in sales, he went on ____________

(talk) about the company’s new strategy.

TRY – LIKE – BEAFRAID – MEAN

102. Use the infinitive or the gerund of the verbs in brackets.

1)Why don’t you try ____________ (exercise) if you want to lose weight?

2)I’ve put on so much weight! – Try ___________ (jog or do) some sport.

3)Mum tried ____________ (smile), but I knew she was as worried as I was. I could see it in her eyes.

4)‘‘Just remember, don’t try ____________ (use) that arm too much until it’s healed properly, or you would weaken it,’’said the doctor.

5)She knew how upset he was by their losses, how hard he was trying

____________ (put) a brave face on it.

6)They tried in vain ____________ (count) the flood of soldiers.

7)I tried ____________ (sleep) for a while but kept flinching awake as if I were afraid ____________ (dream).

8)Standingon theedgeofthecliffIwasafraid____________(look) down.

9)She avoids dark streets in remote areas of the city. She is afraid

____________ (mug or rob) at gunpoint.

10)She broke her leg skating two months ago, and now she is afraid

____________ (fall).

11)I like ____________ (go) to the dentist once a year.

12)The children like ____________ (go) for a swim with their dad.

13)I love the outdoor life we lead here. I even like ____________ (milk) the cows.

14)I like ____________ (pay) my bills as soon as I receive them. I don’t enjoy it, but I think it’s right.

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103. Translate into English using the gerund or the infinitive and the verbs remember, forget, regret, go on, finish, try, like and the expression be afraid.

1)Никогда не забуду, как я поступала в институт. Извините, я забыла взять учебники с собой.

2)Не забудь взять ключи. Я не помню, положила ли я кошелек в сумку.

3)Мы сожалеем о том, что вынуждены сообщить вам, что рейс отменен. Я сожалею, что не поехала в деревню на выходные.

4)Все продолжали танцевать. Учитель прочитал детям историю и затем перешел к опросу (стал задавать вопросы).

5)Он попробовал проглотить лекарство, но не смог. Я попробовала лыжный спорт, но мне не понравилось.

6)Я люблю танцевать. Я люблю оплачивать покупки картой.

7)Он остановился, чтобы покурить. Он перестал курить.

8)Я не заплываю далеко (far out), так как боюсь утонуть. Он был так напуган, что боялся произнести хотя бы слово.

9)Мы сожалеем, что вынуждены проинформировать вас об этом. Мне жаль, что я сделала так много ошибок в тексте.

10)Он продолжил объяснение нового материала. Поприветствовав аудиторию, выступающий (speaker) перешел к презентации результатов своего исследования (to present the findings of his research).

11)Я попробовала надеть футболку, но она оказалась мала. Попробуй плавание, оно очень расслабляет.

12)Онаостановилась,чтобыпоискатьключ.Онапересталаискатьключ.

104. Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences.

1.The Romans loved orchards and were fond of …… trees of all kinds. It is good to know that there is now a …… number of charities. …… old is something that happens to all of us.

2.If you can’t find the information in the manual, …… looking at our website.

The teacher said it was a nice …… , but not good enough.

Anumber of solutions have been put forward to …… and overcome this problem.

3.She set her eyes and mind to …… in the full picure of people enjoying the meals.

She has been …… a small holiday. Are you …… a course of antibiotics?

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4.I don’t bother much with …… .

She and her husband Michael converted the family home to a small hotel and began …… professionally.

Couscous is an excellent base for salads and it doesn’t need …… – simply soak it.

5.Dishes of red pottery were used by Romans for decoration and for …… from or for holding things.

Along the way we noticed young pine trees with cloth wrapped around the tops to stop deer …… them.

I went back to my old …… habits and slowly put on more weight.

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3. THE PARTICIPLE

3.1. PARTICIPLE I. TENSEAND VOICE

DISTINCTIONS

105. Read the sentences below. State the form of Participle I and define whether Participle I denotes an action simultaneous with, prior or posterior to the action expressed by the finite verb. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1)‘‘Mademoiselle,’’the woman replied in a solemn, trembling voice.

2)The policemen searched the suspect. Having found nothing, they took him to the police station, where he was later released on bail.

3)Being a teacher, she is very bossy.

4)She turned back to her computer. Her sister, having gone to hospital for a routine check, had been ordered to remain as an in-patient for the next two weeks until her twins were born.

5)Rushing to the windows, he looked outside.

6)Taking the photos out of her bag and looking at them again, Caroline shook her head.

7)Shouldering his tools, he walked to where the owner of the cottage lived. Some time later, having received the key, he entered his new home.

8)His words sounded really embarrassing.

106. Fill in the gaps using the correct form of Participle I. State whether Participle I denotes an action simultaneous with, prior or posterior to the action expressed by the finite verb.

1)The doctor was in the next village, ____________ (look) after the victims of bombing.

2)Laura hated the rucksack ____________ (bump) against her hip.

3)I jumped and landed in a little boat ____________ (row) by a pretty island girl in a grass skirt.

4)Magellan did not complete the entire round-the-world voyage,

____________ (kill) during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines.

5)As we walked through the town, women stood around in small groups

____________ (talk) and ____________ (catch) up on the week’s news.

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6)____________(reach) the gap in the hedge, she was brought to a stop. Astout wooden fence blocked her way.

7)There had been talk of an inquiry ____________ (hold), experts

____________ (come) from Dublin – it was a terrible business.

8)An old red pussycat suddenly appeared on the roof of the henhouse,

____________ (bask) in the moonlight.

9)Charles walked out, ____________ (leave) the door open.

10)Sheila, ____________ (finish) gathering up rubbish, came and helped me put the nightgown on.

11)When the music stopped, Jessie ran up to me at the table, almost

____________ (knock) back the waiter who had just arrived with the sandwiches.

107. Fill in the gaps using the correct form of Participle I.

1)The street was empty, only a donkey ____________ (pull) a cart passed by.

2)There is nothing ____________ (intrigue) about the situation.

3)I looked out of the window. It was my neighbours’s new Porsche

____________ (tow) by a truck.

4)I was out of place here, ____________ (chug) along in a cart.

5)‘‘Don’t worry,’’Charlie said, ____________ (try) not to laugh.

6)Outside the station a group of men were playing cards ____________

(use) a trunk as a makeshift table.

7)John told her that there was a service ____________ (be) held for the mourners the following Sunday.

8)He seemed confident and looked me square in the eye, ___________

(smile).

9)She seemed neither ___________ (disapprove) nor ___________ (approve).

10)His words sounded really ____________ (embarrass).

11)‘‘Is this true?’’she asked me, ____________ (read) the letter.

12)I saw my mistress ____________ (walk) with a man.

13)Less than an hour later, he was seen ____________ (slip) from his office.

14)After cocktails at five, if not ____________ (dine) in town, she might ask us to prepare a light supper for herself and one or two friends in her sitting room.

15)____________ (Judge) by the result, all my efforts were wasted.

16)Her spirits bobbed along with the boats as she sighed happily,

____________ (know) everything was perfect, whatever the weather.

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PARTICIPLE IASANATTRIBUTE

Ученик, сидевший у окна, писал что-то в тетради →

(1) The pupil sitting next to the widow was writing something in his exercise book.

OR (2) The pupil who was sitting next to the widow was writing something in his exercise book.

Ученик, сидевший ранее у окна, вышел к доске →

(3) The pupil, who had been sitting next to the window, came out in front.

In example (3) the action expressed by the Russian participle сидевший is prior to the action expressed by the predicate вышел, so we can use only a subordinate clause in English.

Participle I Perfect Active and Passive is never used in the function of an attribute in an English sentence.

If the Russian действительное причастие describes an action referring to no particular time, in this case you may feel free to use Participle I. See the examples:

e.g. I followed her through a door and up a dimly lit flight of stairs. At the top of them was a wide door leading to another, long corridor. (→ door leading to another, long corridor = дверь, ведущая / которая

108. Use Participle I as an attribute of the verbs in brackets where possible or an attributive clause.

1)The man had on a scarf ____________ (cover) his collar.

2)The cloth ____________ (cover) the table in the garden in the morning was blown off by the wind.

3)The girl ____________ (wash) dishes behind her giggled and, without turning, Mrs O’Grady swiftly slapped the back of her knees with the damp towel.

4)The girl ____________ (wash) the dishes was now having a talk with the host.

5)Brid ignored me and handed the cushion over to a woman

____________ (sit) over at the table.

6)I couldn’t see the woman ____________ (sit) at the table next to me and looked around to find her.

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109. Translate into English using Participle I as an attribute or an attributive subordinate clause.

1)Женщина, разговаривающая с преподавателем, моя мама.

2)Женщина, разговаривавшая с преподавателем пять минут назад, моя мама.

3)Я заметила, что женщина, разговаривавшая с преподавателем, смутно напоминала мою маму.

4)Кто эта девушка, которая танцует с твоим братом?

5)Кто та девушка, танцевавшая с твоим братом вчера на вечеринке?

6)Я заметил, что девушка, танцевавшая с твоим братом, была обворожительна.

7)Картина, висящая в этом зале (room), стала жемчужиной (gem) галереи.

8)Всех поразила картина, висевшая в зале.

9)Картина, висевшая в этом зале, сейчас реставрируется.

10)Мужчина, работающий в саду, мой новый сосед.

11)Мужчина, работавший в саду, выглядел лет на 50.

12)Мужчина, работавший в саду, сел в машину и уехал.

3.2.SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS OF PARTICIPLE I

110.Define the functions of Participle I.

1)Beth and Don sat gloomily in front of the dying fire.

2)There is nothing exciting about business trips.

3)It would be embarrassing to be called like that in public.

4)She seemed neither disapproving nor approving.

5)Please, refrain from smoking or eating while painting. The paint is toxic and flammable.

6)She looked at the dancing people, and felt sad.

7)Not wanting to intrude on whatever their business was, Jane moved to cross the entrance to the lane and continued her walk.

8)The noise was deafening.

9)Sheila was running around the room emptying ashtrays and gathering up bottles.

10)‘‘Is this true?’’she asked me, looking directly into my face.

11)She hesitated as if not knowing what to say.

12)It is a good story to reflect over whilst taking tea.

13)If staying overnight far away from any of the royal residences, the Queen tends to use the royal train.

14)I wanted to know all about his life as a fisherman and about the local area. Knowing a little of the history of this coast, I was keen to learn more.

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