The Infinitive. The Gerund. The Participle. Учебное пособие

35. Look through the table below and write examples of your own in the column on the right.

36.Translate the example sentences in the table above into Russian.

37.Mr Finch is CEO of a big company. He is very particular about how things should be done in his office. Read what he says to his personal assistant Tanya and paraphrase his words using the Complex Object after I want/I would like.

A

e.g. Please, type these letters. – I want you to type these letters.

Will you phone Mike Morton and arrange a meeting with him a.s.a.p.? –

I’d like you to phone Mike Morton and arrange a meeting with him a.s.a.p.

1) Please, print out the report.

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2)Can you put me through to the finance department?

3)Have you spoken to the people in the warehouse? Please, check if they have enough storing facilities.

4)Write Christmas cards to all our staff by December 22.

5)Make sure the cleaning lady tidies my office thoroughly – there’s too much dust everywhere.

6)It would be good if you didn’t have any private conversations in the office.

7)Have you prepared the minutes of the last staff meeting? I want it ready by 3 pm today.

8)Can you book a flight to Amsterdam for me and our financial director for Monday next week, please.

9)Please, sort out this mail immediately.

10)Will you move this file cabinet out of my office? It’s not spacious enough here.

B

Now imagine you are Tanya. You took this job only a month ago and you are very unhappy about it. You are thinking of quitting. You complain about it to your friend. Use the prompts from the exercise above.

e.g. My boss wants me to do lots of things immediately. He wants me to print out the report and he wants me to put him through to the financial department. Then he would like me to …

C

Write an e-mail to your friend telling him/her the news of your new job and explaining why you don’t like it.

Hello Sue

Hope you’ve been well. Here’s news about my new job.Actually I don’t like it. My boss is not very nice to me. To be exact, he is horrible. Today he wants me to

.…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………….......

I am not sure if it’s going to be better, but I really need this job. Until soon,

Tanya xxx

38. Open the brackets to use the complex object.

1) You have nothing to be worried about. These people are your neighbours and they want ____________ (you / succeed).

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2)Some people like ____________ (you / chat) with them for a long time.

3)He made ____________ (I / wear) his jacket and carried my shoes so they wouldn’t get caught in the damp grass.

4)No, she would survive. She forced ____________ (her common-sense/ prevail).

5)What I’d like ____________ (you / remember) is that I love you.

6)He was unbearable, and yet she hated ____________ (he / think) so ill of her.

7)I wanted ____________ (the shop / build) differently. I wanted

____________ (people / be) able to pull up their bicycles and come straight in – and out – again.

8)I considered ____________ (he / be) the most irresponsible person I had ever known.

9)Don’t expect ____________ (I / carry) these boxes for you!

10)Sorry, I don’t get it. I need ____________ (you / explain) it.

11)Here, back home, she could let ____________ (the past / slide away) with the sluggish water that trickled over the stones.

12)“John, did I hear ____________ (you /lock) the back door? Paul isn’t home yet.”

13)Gran was speaking again, in a tone sharper than Laura had ever heard

____________ (she / use) before.

14)I smile as I watch ____________ (my hubby / chase) the kids back into the lounge.

15)She played truant from school on autumn days. She was reluctant to let

____________ (the summer / go).

16)She saw ____________ (her sister / go) into the front room and pull back a corner of the carpet.

If the verbs see, feel and hear are used in their direct meaning (perceive with a human sense organ), the complex object is used. However, if they are used in their figurative meaning to know/understand/realize, we should use a subordinate clause, see the examples below:

I saw him drive away in his posh car. (= used my sense organ – eyes) I saw she didn’t know what to do. – I realized that …

I heard someone sing next door. (= used my sense organ – ears) I heard that he had got married. – I know/was told that …

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39. Combine the two sentences using the complex object.

e.g. He proposed a toast. Nobody heard him. – Nobody heard him propose a toast.

A

1)He told the awful truth. Everybody heard it.

2)She nodded her head. We saw it.

3)He stood on the seashore and watched the boat. The boat was disappearing in the distance.

4)They will arrive soon. We expect it.

5)We saw the runner. He passed the finish line.

6)A woman looked out of the window and then pulled the curtains together. I noticed it.

7)He will get a taxi to get here from the station. We expect it.

8)She may fail her exam. We don’t want it.

9)Somebody called your name. I heard it.

B

1)He got absolutely furious. We didn’t expect it.

2)Somebody tripped over my leg in the darkness. I felt it.

3)You must come for dinner some time. We would like it.

4)He always comes late for the meetings. I hate it.

5)She shut the door and left. We didn’t notice it.

6)He didn’t come to the party. His parents didn’t let him.

7)Don’t be that stupid. I don’t want it.

8)They had to stay at home because of the terrible weather.

9)She copied some important company documents while everybody was out at lunch. But I noticed it.

10)She was feeling unwell. I saw it.

C

1)The new tax legislation should be introduced as soon as possible. Everybody wants it.

2)I refused to have anything to do with his scheme. He didn’t expect it.

3)He mustn’t trust his business partner so much.You mustn’t let him.

4)People were sunbathing and playing basketball on the beach. We saw it.

5)She told me a lie. I felt it.

6)You should exercise more. I would like it.

7)A woman in the supermarket looked around and put something in her pocket. We saw it.

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8)She was dancing. We watched her.

9)He was sentenced to ten years in prison. Nobody expected it.

10)When I was a child I had to tidy my room. My mum made me.

40. Translate into English using the complex object.

1)Мне бы не хотелось, чтобы вы опоздали на занятие.

2)Я не ожидал, что этот официант будет таким невежливым.

3)Им бы хотелось, чтобы мы проиграли игру.

4)Мы бы хотели, чтобы оборудование было доставлено к концу июня.

5)Папа хотел, чтобы я была пианисткой.

6)Я ожидал, что ее пригласят на вечеринку.

7)Она не хотела, чтобы я уехал в Москву.

8)Я не ожидал, что это случится так скоро.

9)Мы не ожидали, что будет дождь.

10)Мы не рассчитывали, что будет так ветрено.

11)Они не ожидали, что его спросят об этом.

12)Мы не рассчитывали, что вы так много сделаете.

13)Когда он услышал, как ребенок плачет, то содрогнулся (shudder).

14)Я думаю, что сегодня вы услышите, как она поет.

15)Я хочу, чтобы все были счастливы.

16)Мы ожидали, что все зададут профессору много вопросов.

17)Мой отец не разрешил мне бросить учебу (give up studies) и заставил меня окончить университет.

18)Не заставляй меня поступать в этот университет.

19)В детстве родители не разрешали мне гулять допоздна (stay out late).

20)Вы видели, как они над чем-то смеялись?

21)Он не заметил, как мы подошли к нему.

22)Я бы хотел, чтобы никто не трогал мои вещи.

The verbs hear, listen to, notice, see, watch and feel can be followed in the complex object by Participle I.

If we describe only part of an action after the verbs hear, listen to, notice, see, watch and feel rather than the entire action from beginning to end, we use Participle 1, not the infinitive. On the contrary, if we describe a complete action, we use the infinitive:

I listened to Mary singing a song. (I didn’t listen to the whole song). I listened to Mary sing two songs, but then I left. ( I heard two complete songs).

I saw my neighbour washing his car.

I saw my neighbour wash his car and drive away.

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41. Choose between the infinitive or Participle I in the sentences below.

1)The children were playing on the beach. We saw it.

2)She stood at the doorstep and watched his car. The car was disappearing in the distance.

3)My neighbour looked out of the window and then opened it. I noticed it.

4)The couple next door were quarrelling. We heard it.

5)Their parents never shouted at each other. They never heard it.

6)She shut the door and left. We didn’t notice it.

7)A woman in the supermarket looked around and put something in her pocket. We saw it.

8)She was performing live. We watched her.

THE FOR-TO-INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

42. Read the sentences below. Identify the For-to-Infinitive Construction. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1)Jack says he’d be delighted for us to come and stay with them for the weekend.

2)My mum is anxious for me to enter the university.

3)It was difficult for her to walk.

4)I thought it strange for her to take up karate.

5)The shoes are too small for me to wear.

6)I am waiting for you to start.

7)It’s a good idea for us to use the Metro.

8)It was a real shame for them to lose the game.

9)There’s nothing for us to do but wait.

10)There should be somebody for the girl to play with and to talk to.

43. Match the sentence beginnings with the endings.

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44. Open the brackets using the For-to-Infinitive.

1)I am eager ____________ (your performance / be) a success.

2)It is essential ____________ (students / work) hard.

3)She asked ____________ (the documents / prepare) by Monday.

4)It’s time ____________ (the company / develop) a new market strategy.

5)It was a big mistake ____________ (I / not / contact) the police.

6)She knows this is the signal, it’s time ____________ (she / go).

7)It may be uneconomical ____________ (we /have) the most up-to-date equipment.

8)She said nothing and waited ____________ (he / continue).

9)We were glad of the excellent wine my father brought ____________

(we / celebrate) with.

10)At first, Mr Brown was shy and our class was noisy, but it didn’t take long ____________ (he / win over) even the most boisterous pupil.

11)I have nothing else to do except wait ____________(my application / process). They told me at the Embassy it would take two months

____________(the visa / issue).

12)Japanese is not easy ____________ (Europeans / learn).

13)He knows there are people who would gladly see him dead. There is no way ____________ (he / not / know) it.

14)In the north of Russia it is usual ____________ (elks / walk) across highways, so there are special road signs warning the drivers to be careful.

45. Open the brackets using the For-to-Infinitive.

1)Granny will be happy ____________ (her grandchildren / help) her.

2)Do you think it is light enough here ____________ (the plants / grow)?

3)I arranged ____________ (the furniture / deliver) on Saturday.

4)You must find somewhere ____________ (he / live)!

5)____________ (in order / you / win), we will need to pray for a miracle.

6)There is a request ____________ (the goods / deliver) tomorrow.

7)It didn’t happen because there was no need ___________ (somebody / come) into the room.

8)‘‘Do you mean he might never walk again?’’ – ‘‘It’s hard

____________ (I / tell), Ellie. I’m not a specialist in this type of injury.’’

9)Though Christianity is more than 2000 years old, it is still difficult

____________ (we / love) our neighbours as ourselves.

10)____________ (in order / the company / be) profitable, sales would need to rise by 60 %.

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11)He was terrified, yet ready ____________ (I / say) I was returning to America without him.

12)James was a fine carpenter. He fixed the half-door of the cottage and made us a pretty dresser, although we had little ____________ (it / hold).

13)Look here, it’s a nice soft surface ____________ (you / write) on.

14)You love this place, and I could make it possible ____________ (you / remain) here.

46. Finish off the sentences below so they are true for you. Compare your ideas to your partner’s.

1)It is essential for me to …

2)I’ll be happy for my best friend to …

3)It’s time for my parents to …

4)In order for my dream to come true …

5)It would be uneconomical for me to …

6)Nothing is impossible for me to do if/when …

7)It is really tiring for me to …

8)I’ve entered this university, now it is for me to …

9)I have never arranged for … to …

47. Rephrase the sentences so as to use the For-to-Infinitive Construction.

1)I’ve brought a book that you can read.

2)It’s time the kids went to school.

3)I’ve made preparations so we can travel to Galway to collect what you need for school.

4)Grandad’s been like a cat on a hot tin roof waiting till you arrive.

5)My solicitor had prepared some papers I was supposed to sign, but I was so busy I forgot about it.

6)Mum is cooking the evening meal for the guests. She’ll save some so we can have it later.

7)All of us women were craving a bit of beauty, something pretty that we could look at.

8)Her sister was supposed to move in and pay my half of the rent for the few months I was away. I arranged it.

9)Later that day, Laura phoned again with the news that she had arranged Marie should prepare the food for the party.

10)She pressed the elevator button, and when the doors opened, she indicated I should get in.

11)ChrissiesatontheshortgrassandindicatedthatAmeliashoulddolikewise.

12)I waited till the others caught up.

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13)The flat roof of our house was high enough. So we could admire the spectacular sunsets of Ohio.

14)I must marry her. It is the only way to save her good name, and her position.

15)Henry couldn’t train as a baker. We couldn’t afford it.

16)He opened the garden gate so she could pass through, shutting it after her with a thud.

THE SUBJECTIVE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

(COMPLEX SUBJECT)

The Subjective Infinitive Construction

(the complex subject) is used after:

1. Verbs in the passive voice:

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48. Underline the Subjective Infinitive Construction (the complex subject) in the sentences below and translate them into Russian.

1) This theory is known to be true. 2) You are supposed to do this exercise in writing. 3) The criminals are reported to have been released from prison.

4)The opposition leader is thought to have left the country yesterday.

5)Lots of people are said to have lost their homes due to the earthquake.

6)I happened to be at my mother’s when my boss called. 7) The refugees are likely to find new homes abroad. 8) She seemed to be listening to his report. 9) Do you happen to know where I have put my glasses? 10) He appears to have been fined. 11) He is sure to come on time. 12) Greenhouse gases are widely believed to cause the earth’s atmosphere to heat up.

49. Paraphrase the sentences using the complex subject after verbs in the passive voice.

e.g. It is thought that she is a talented violinist. – She is thought to be a talented violinist.

1)It is known that the robbers are hiding somewhere in the countryside.

2)It is supposed that the diamonds are fake.

3)It is believed that the missing child has been found.

4)It is said that she is bilingual in English and Russian.

5)They expect the local authorities to take care of schools in our region.

6)It is expected that the Russian tennis players will win the tournament.

7)It is said that boxing is a mental sport.

8)It is reported that the G-8 summit finished yesterday.

9)People say that a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

10)It is known that she works 12 hours a day.

11)ItissaidthattheRussiangovernmentisplanninganewhealthcarereform.

12)They say one man’s meat is another man’s poison.

50. Paraphrase the sentences using the complex subject after likely, unlikely, sure and certain.

e.g You’ll see him at the meeting. It is quite likely. – You are likely to see him at the meeting.

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