The Infinitive. The Gerund. The Participle. Учебное пособие

mugs. ____________ a mouthful of something at Rabbit’s was very nice indeed, but Winnie didn’t suspect that ____________ out of the front door again was quite another matter.

7)Jack anticipated ____________ for lunch, and the thought of it made his mouth water.

8)Derek was reluctant to try skiing, but he ended up ____________ it.

80. The phrases in bold in the questions below are from the exercise above. Work in pairs asking and answering the questions.

1) What places in your home town are well worth visiting? 2) What do you resent doing?

3) Have you ever ended up sleeping 12 hours after a party? 4) What job do you consider doing in the future?

81. Complete the sentences making them true for yourself, then compare with a partner.

1)I never waste time …

2)In January I often spend time …

3)At the end of the semester I am often busy …

4)On Monday morning I have difficulty …

5)Recently I have had trouble …

VERB / PHRASE +APREPOSITION + THE GERUND

ABOUT: be certain of/about = be sure about/of, dream about (= видеть во сне, see also dream of = мечтать), talk about/of, think

AGAINST: decide, warn

AT: be astonished, be good/bad/excellent/hopeless, be indignant, be pleased (displeased), be surprised

FOR: apologize, blame, forgive, thank FROM: prevent, keep

IN: persist, succeed, be interested, There is / was no point, There is no use in (also used without the preposition – see the previous table)

INTO: be into smth (увлекаться чем-либо, любить что-либо), talk smb into doing smth,

OF: accuse, approve (disapprove), be aware, be capable, be certain of/ about, be fond, be guilty, be in the habit/get into the habit, be proud, be sure, boast, complain, dream of (мечтать, see also dream about), give up the idea, miss a/the opportunity, not like the idea, speak of/about, suspect, think, What’s the use of …?, complain, dream of (мечтать, see also dream

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about), give up the idea, miss a/the opportunity, not like the idea, speak of/ about, suspect, think, What’s the use of …?

ON (more rarely UPON): be keen, carry on (phrasal verb), congratulate, depend, insist, keep on (= keep), plan, rely

TO: agree, look forward, object, be used / get used / be accustomed, get down

WITH: get on

Note: the gerund is also used after prepositions alone (by, instead of, without, on, after, in spite of, before, etc.), e.g.

He left without saying good-bye.

He gained his fortune by working hard.

You’d better go for a walk instead of watching TV all the time. On/upon/after leaving Stratford Shakespeare took a job as an actor.

82. Use the gerund and the correct preposition where necessary.

1)What’s the use ____________ (do) the assignment again? I’ve already done it twice.

2)My mother has never succeeded _____ (make) me wear dresses and skirts – I kept _____ wearing jeans.

3)My boss doesn’t approve _____ (have) private telephone talks in the office.

4)There is no point ____________ (postpone) the interview.

5)I’m hopeless ____________ (play) badminton.

6)I am thinking ____________ (get) a new PC, my old laptop is awful.

7)I’ve always had difficulty ____________ (talk) to strangers.

8)He is proud ____________ (have) entered a good university.

9)The bright light prevented her ____________ (see) the first row of tables.

10)They’d met at evening classes, learning French cuisine. Two years on, they looked forward ____________ (open) a restaurant together.

11)When I stayed in Britain I objected ____________ (have) bacon and eggs for breakfast.

12)I don’t bother much ____________ (cook).

13)The ship was wrecked, but the crew survived and made it safely to shore. After this experience, Magellan decided to wait for a few weeks more ____________ (resume) the voyage.

14)‘‘Thank you ____________ (be) such a good friend,’’ she said, and kissed me.

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15)What’s the use ___________ (have) things if they are not going to be used?

16)What would be the point ____________ (spend) money on the

telegram when you couldn’t get here any quicker?

83. Use the gerund and the correct preposition.

1)I love the feeling ____________ (be) fully in control of everything.

2)I’m thinking ____________ (buy) a new car.

3)I’m bad ____________ (play) chess.

4)I used to be keen ____________ (go) to discos years ago.

5)Magellan’s project, if successful, would realize Columbus’s plan of a spice route by sailing west ____________ (damage) relations with the Portuguese.

6)Spanish authorities were wary of Magellan, so that they almost prevented him ____________ (sail).

7)Julia looked up at her grandad and saw tears shimmering in his eyes. Almost ____________ (think) she kissed and hugged him.

8)Before the show Alice practiced constantly at home, twirling round in front of the big mirror in her parents’bedroom and insisting ____________

(give) everyone who came to the house a preview.

9)Failures in information sharing between U.S. and Russian agencies have been blamed ____________ (allow) the Boston marathon bombings in 2013 to happen.

10)She was in the habit ____________ (look) down her nose on country people.

11)The foolish woman had accused me ____________ (be) stupid and immoral – her own two obvious failures. My revenge was silence in reply.

12)The noisy rush of the ocean kept him ____________ (hear) the noises down the road.

13)I bet you’re looking forward ____________ (perform) in the school’s summer show, and I’m certainly looking forward ____________ (watch) you. It’s so exciting.

14)My mother didn’t approve ____________ boys, or playing. She approved ____________ cleaning the house and protecting our privacy.

15)My father had been sent home from college, but he was fond

____________ saying that it was his decision.

16)Oh, don’t you fret. Abigail’s turned five and twenty and is more than

capable ____________ (look) after herself.

17)This was a new world, a new life, a new beginning, and for the first time ____________ (leave) Ireland I felt intoxicated.

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84. Finish off the questions and ask them to your partner. Use gerunds in your answers and the correct preposition in the gap.

1)Have you got any hobbies? What are you keen ____?

2)Are there any things that you are hopeless ____?

3)Is there anything that you are thinking ____ doing at the moment?

4)Is there anything in the world politics that you disapprove ____?

5)What was the last thing somebody congratulated you ____?

6)Is there anything you are dreaming ____?

7)What was the last thing you were surprised ____?

8)Is there anything your parents insist ____?

9)What are you looking forward ____?

85. Use the prepositions and the correct form of the gerund.

1)What ____________ (have) pizza with me tonight after work?

2)‘‘Are you any good ____________ (make) sandcastles?’’ – ‘‘Yes,’’ Sarah said.

3)I understood I should complain about the incident, but I decided

____________ (do) it.

4)A good financial advisor warned the company ____________

(allocate) too many for that project, but he wasn’t heard.

5)Mother had given me a room in her cottage, but was very nervous

____________ (have) a baby in the house after so many years.

6)That night she dreamt ____________ (go) home and ____________

(see) mum and dad.

7)‘‘How’s your ankle?’’ ‘‘I’m pretty sure it’s just a sprain. Wearing proper walking boots probably saved it ____________ (be) worse.’’

8)You can’t blame me ____________ (be) absent-minded. I’m always busy thinking about something.

9)I am grateful to you ____________ (help) me out.

10)The ancient manuscript has suffered severely ____________ (keep) in a wet cellar.

11)The old woman at the door wanted to apologize ____________

(disturb) me and explain why she had come to my house.

12)____________ (rummage) in her shed she emerged with a sturdy hammer and an old potato sack.

13)The Romans loved orchards and were fond ____________ (grow) trees of all kinds. They were the first to grow cherries in England.

14)I realized that I had offended her and I was sorry ____________ (be) unkind to her.

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86. Use the prepositions and the correct form of the gerund.

1)She never seemed to like him, but there was some reason

____________ (have) him as a guest.

2)You should insist ____________ (have) a receipt because shops have to give receipts according to the law, or you won’t get a refund.

3)You saw it too, didn’t you? No one can accuse us ____________

(exaggerate)!

4)He loved his motorbike and he was ____________ (sail).

5)He is not used ____________ (have) Friday off.

6)He made his fortune buying modern paintings though he gave the impression ____________ (never / read) a word about art. There was no doubt that he had an eye for the best.

7)He boasted ____________ (score) three goals.

8)Being a doctor I disapprove ____________ patients ____________

(take) medication without prescriptions.

9)It’s time you buckled down and got on ____________ (write) the report.

10)There’d been nothing unusual about the lunch, no awkwardness between them. Alison insisted ____________ (split) the bill and Phil’s eyebrows rose.

11)The successful operation of this program depends ____________

(have) good maintenance personnel.

12)The incident did not prevent her ____________ (have) a carefree, dreamless sleep.

13)He is accustomed ____________ (command) by my young husband.

14)You may congratulate yourself ____________ being the first woman to do that.

87. Rephrase the pairs of sentences below joining them together with the help of gerunds and prepositions.

1)Right here, right now: this is the time to invest inAmerica!

2)She answered in a nasty tone. She didn’t turn her head.

3)I’ve always dreamed of visiting Rome, and this time I am definitely going to see the city. Nothing will prevent me.

4)She didn’t tell Jane about it. Something had prevented her.

5)One morning before Paul set out for work, he left a bunch of flowers on her doorstep.

6)Oh, she has missed you so much, she’d love to see you. She is so looking forward to it, Ellie.

7)Magellan studied the most recent charts, investigating a gateway from theAtlantic to the South Pacific. He devoted himself to it.

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8)When Mike announced he would go to university and get a degree, Jane was annoyed because she couldn’t go as well.

9)Jack got told off because he’d chased his little niece with wet seaweed and made her scream.

10)I was the only servant in a houseful of demanding people. I hated the responsibility.

88. Translate into English using the gerund.

1)Она подписала бумагу, не прочитав ее.

2)Мой папа не выносит ходить к зубному.

3)Вор признался, что украл деньги.

4)У меня трудности с чтением по-французски.

5)Преступник отрицал, что он украл кошелек.

6)Не возражаете, если я закурю?

7)Они проводили время, играя в компьютерные игры.

8)Он предложил мне поехать за город на выходные.

9)Я возражаю против изменений в расписании.

10)Не стоит обсуждать эту проблему.

11)Она привыкла ездить на работу на автобусе.

12)Какой смысл тратить деньги на пустяки (trifling things)?

13)Он упорно продолжал задавать мне вопросы.

14)Когда прилетишь в Рим, не упусти возможность посмотреть собор Святого Павла.

15)Бесполезно зубрить эти слова. Я все равно не сдам экзамен.

16)Забор надо покрасить.

17)Четырех сотрудников компании обвинили в растрате.

18)Девушка избегала встреч с этим человеком.

89. Translate into English using the gerund.

1)Мне легко даются иностранные языки, но мои родители настаивают на поступлении на экономический факультет.

2)Вы рискуете потерять все свои сбережения.

3)Что помешало тебе поехать за границу?

4)У меня трудности с чтением по-немецки.

5)Хочешь (fancy), пойдем куда-нибудь поразвлечься сегодня вечером?

6)Все закончили писать контрольную, не так ли?

7)Он сожалел о том, что провел отпуск дома.

8)Я с нетерпением жду встречи с Вами.

9)Бесполезно ждать автобуса.

10)Мы привыкли ходить в парк пешком.

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11)Не могу не улыбаться, когда вспоминаю тот день.

12)Он извинился за то, что опоздал.

13)Бессмысленно говорить о политике.

14)Он не бросил идею выучиться на бухгалтера.

15)Ковер надо почистить.

16)Я не буду возражать против того, чтобы организовать конференцию в этой гостинице.

17)Коллеги поздравили меня с тем, что я сдал экзамен по вождению

(driving test).

2.4.GERUNDIALCONSTRUCTIONS

90.Read the sentences. Point out predicative constructions with the gerund and state the ways the two parts of the construction are expressed. Translate the sentences into Russian.

e.g. The new treatment was obviously contributing to her being unwell. – The gerundial construction is her being unwell. The first part (element) of the construction is her expressed by a possessive pronoun. Thesecondelementisbeing unwell,itisexpressedbyagerundialphrase.

1) How can you blame us for them being late? 2) I’ve never forgotten my sister working as a hotel maid. 3) His visit coincided with my father’s being at home. 4) When V. Shalamov was writing his books, there could be no thought of their being published. 5) I will try. It’s worth me having a go. 6) His intellect and charm led to his being widely considered the best top manager in the corporation. 7) Don’t worry about my being tough. It’s just that I am a cop. 8) ‘‘Are you sure you don’t mind my asking about that?’’– ‘‘As long as you don’t mind me having a little smoke?’’.

91. Match the sentences on the left with the gerunds or gerundial phrases on the right to form gerundial constructions. Identify the gerundial constructions.

conversation.

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92. Fill in the gaps using the correct form of the gerund in a gerundial construction of the words in brackets.

1)I hope you don’t mind ____________ (I / share) your video as much as I can.

2)Norah insisted on ____________ (everyone / eat) a proper breakfast.

3)Depression may be a result of ____________ (we / suppress) negative emotions and feelings.

4)Mum moved in, to help me. I’m not sure who was more surprised, but I could never remember ____________ (she/be) that gentle or caring when I was a child.

5)I don’t need ____________ (people / think) we need their charity.

6)Please, stop ____________ (she / ask) so many questions of me.

7)‘‘There, look, our boy is walking again,’’ Mary said. And I saw the miracle of ____________ (John / be) on his feet. I felt the miracle of

____________ (he / still / be alive), and pride in the fact that he was standing there in front of me – war-torn, but standing nonetheless.

8)I was shocked that this drama had happened without ____________

(I / know) and didn’t know whether to be angry or grateful for the conspiracy not to tell me.

9)I was firmly, happily back in the marriage and I would not risk

____________ (my love for John / confound) by recalling old romances.

10)Myra and Paul were so happy to have their son back from London that they would not hear of ____________ (he / help) on the farm for the first few weeks he was home.

11)I didn’t want ____________ (she / sleep) in the kitchen.

12)She had become so used to ____________ (people / clean) up after her that she was entirely unaware of the mess she made and the work it meant for me.

13)‘‘You don’t look your age, dear,’’ Ray said. She gave her husband a furious look. It seemed she was mad at ____________ (they/both/get) older.

93. Fill in the gaps making a gerundial construction of the words in brackets. Choose the correct form of the gerund.

1)We have a very tight schedule at university, and it prevents

____________ (we / meet) outside of class, especially at the end of the semester.

2)This candidate has much fewer votes than his competitors and there is no question of ____________ (he/elect).

3)The only thing that matters is ____________ (I/have) a good time. My world centers around me.

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4)I spent on the island two years, and I still feel that there is some trust that these people have in me, because of ____________ (me/live) with them.

5)In spite of ____________ (he/well/like) there were still a few people who didn’t trust him.

6)Linda appeared in a few commercials and this probably led to

____________ (she/consider) for a part in an upcoming TV series.

7)No day of Cozette’s and Gavroche’s life ever ended without

____________ (they/both/ beat up or cheat) by someone.

8)‘‘Did they do it as planned?’’ – ‘‘Yes,’’ he replied, but his voice betrayed uncertainty about ____________ (they/accomplish) the mission.

9)We are really excited at ____________ (our son/receive) a place at university.

10)She congratulated me on ____________ (I/pass) all the exams.

11)He settled into the new way of life and rarely thought about Manchester, a place where he could not recollect ____________ (the sun/ever/shine).

12)‘‘Aren’t your mum and Dad going with you?’’ – ‘‘Yes, they are.’’ ‘‘Well, you don’t need ____________ (I/tag along) with you. Two’s company, three’s a crowd, you know.’’

13)I found a mouse in the mousetrap. Though I don’t like mice and such like, and they have always given me the creeps, I did feel sorry for

____________ (it/shut up).

94. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

(after Rescuing Rachel by L.J.Stevens,

The People’s Friend Seaside, 2014)

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Now identify

1)two Indefinite GerundsActive

2)a Continuous InfinitiveActive

3)one Subjective Infinitive Construction

4)one gerundial construction

5)one complex object with Participle I

95. Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences.

1.She couldn’t help …… something was missing.

‘‘Can you say that with some ……, Jackie?’’said Miss Bryson. That’s the way he is: …… innocent of all responsibility.

2.The …… of eating eggs makes me feel queasy. He is …… to be the richest man in the world. If the offer is interesting, I’ll give it a …… .

3.What is your biggest …… ? I …… saying that. Sorry!

To my ……, it will never happen again.

4.I’ll never forget …… to Egypt as a child.

Look at all these buildings – they’re …… the Russian flag. Have you ever tried …… a kite?

5.He was accused of …… illegally.

The Soviet Union wasYugoslavia’s biggest …… partner. The NewYork Stock Exchange has a long …… history.

2.5. THE GERUND vs. THE INFINITIVE

ALLOW – PERMIT – FORBID – RECOMMEND –ADVISE

PASSIVE:

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