Petroleum engineering. Нефтегазовая инженерия. Учебное пособие

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации

НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

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A. И. БОЧКАРЕВ С. В. НИКРОШКИНА

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

НЕФТЕГАЗОВАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета в качестве учебного пособия

НОВОСИБИРСК

2023

ББК 81.432.1-923 Б866

Рецензенты:

О. И. Недоступ, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры языковой подготовки и межкультурных коммуникаций СГУГиТ

Р. А. Чеснокова, канд. филол.х наук, доцент кафедры ИЯ ТФ НГТУ

Бочкарев А. И.

Б866 Petroleum engineering. Нефтегазовая инженерия: учебное пособие / А. И. Бочкарев, С. В. Никрошкина. – Новосибирск: Изд-во НГТУ, 2023. – 88 с.

ISBN 978-5-7782-4882-3

Целью данного пособия является учебно-методическое обеспечение системы образования Новосибирского государственного технического университета. Пособие предназначено для бакалавров, обучающихся по специальности «Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств в нефтегазовом комплексе». Пособие содержит англоязычные тексты по специальным тематикам, затрагивающим различные аспекты нефтегазовой промышленности, а также разработанный на их основе комплекс заданий, ориентированных на взаимосвязанное формирование умений иноязычного чтения, письма и говорения в контексте английского для профессиональных целей. Пособие также включает дополнительные задания по развитию навыков перевода и говорения.

ББК 81.432.1-923

Бочкарев Арсентий Игоревич Никрошкина Софья Васильевна

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING. НЕФТЕГАЗОВАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ

Учебное пособие

В авторской редакции

Выпускающий редактор И.П. Брованова Дизайн обложки А.В. Ладыжская Компьютерная верстка С.И. Ткачева

Налоговая льгота – Общероссийский классификатор продукции Издание соответствует коду 95 3000 ОК 005-93 (ОКП)

Подписано в печать 14.02.2023. Формат 60 84 1/16. Бумага офсетная. Тираж 20 экз. Уч.-изд. л. 5,11. Печ. л. 5,5. Изд. № 43. Заказ № 78. Цена договорная

Отпечатано в типографии Новосибирского государственного технического университета

630073, г. Новосибирск, пр. К. Маркса, 20

READING

1. Read the text.

Petroleum Engineering

Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering connected with the production of hydrocarbons, either crude oil or natural gas. Exploration and petroleum engineering are known to constitute the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. These are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. Petroleum exploration (geology and geophysics) concentrates on description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum engineering is related to estimation of the recoverable volume of this resource.

The combined efforts of geologists and petroleum engineers throughout the life of a hydrocarbon accumulation determine the way in which a reservoir is developed and depleted, and usually they have the highest impact on field economics. Petroleum engineering requires a detailed understanding of the physical behaviour of oil, water and gas within porous rocks at very high pressures. Moreover, good knowledge of many other related disciplines, such

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as geophysics, petroleum geology, formation evaluation, drilling, reservoir simulation, reservoir engineering, well engineering, artificial lift systems, completions and oil and gas facilities engineering is required.

The profession appeared in the early XX century when the first Petroleum Engineering degree was awarded by Moscow Mining Academy. Since then, the profession has developed to solve increasingly difficult situations, as much of the easy oil has been found and depleted. Today we have to deal with deep-water, arctic and desert conditions. High Temperature and High Pressure (HTHP) environments have become commonplace in operations and require petroleum engineers to be also competent in thermo-hydraulics, geomechanics, and intelligent systems. Advances in computer modelling and materials as well as the application of statistics, probability analysis, and new technologies like horizontal drilling and enhanced oil recovery, have drastically improved the toolbox of the petroleum engineer in recent decades.

Petroleum engineering involves a wide variety of professions, among them production engineering, reservoir engineering and drilling engineering. Production engineers manage the interface between the reservoir and the well, including perforations, sand control, downhole flow control; evaluate artificial lift methods; and also select surface equipment that separates the produced fluids (oil, natural gas and water). Reservoir engineers play a central role in field development planning, recommending appropriate and costeffective reservoir depletion plan such as waterflooding or gas injection to maximize hydrocarbon recovery. Drilling engineers design and implement procedures to drill wells as safely and cost-effectively as possible.

Petroleum engineering education is available at more than 20 universities in Russia, e.g. Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, and many more throughout the world, mainly in oil producing regions. Some oil companies have in-house petroleum engineering training classes. The largest international professional organization for petroleum engineers is the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), which collects, publishes and exchanges technical knowledge concerning the industry through papers and presentations. Petroleum engineering has historically been one of the highest paid engineering professions, although salaries will vary depending on the country and there is a tendency for mass layoffs when oil prices go down.

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DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL VOCABULARY WORKING OUT THE MEANING OF UNKNOWN WORDS

2. The following words in the box are all from the text above. Find them in the text.

reservoir hydrocarbons recoverable depletion thermo-hydraulics

3. For each word, read the sentence it occurs in and answer the questions.

a)Is the word positive, negative or neutral?

b)Is it a noun, adjective, adverb or verb?

c)Can you think of a word with a similar meaning (synonym) and one with an opposite meaning (antonym)?

READING COMPREHENSION

4. Answer the questions.

1.Which activities is petroleum engineering connected with?

2.What innovations have improved the work of the petroleum engineer in recent decades?

3.What are the principal upstream disciplines?

4.What is the subject matter of petroleum engineering?

5.What difficulties do petroleum engineers face in their work?

6.In what way does the work of reservoir, drilling and production engineers differ?

7.Are petroleum engineers well paid?

5. Tick the correct answer. Sometimes two answers are possible.

Exploration and production belong to

a)the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry.

b)the midstream sector of the oil and gas industry.

c)the downstream sector of the oil and gas industry. 2. Petroleum exploration concentrates on

a)maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons.

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b)description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock.

c)production of hydrocarbons.

3.The combined efforts of geologists and petroleum engineers have the highest impact on field economics because

a) they determine the way in which a reservoir is developed and depleted. b) petroleum engineering requires good knowledge of many related dis-

ciplines.

c) they have detailed understanding of the physical behaviour of oil, water and gas within porous rock at very high pressure.

4.The work of petroleum engineers has become quite difficult due to

a)advances in computer modeling and new technologies.

b)depletion of much of the world's oil and gas reserves.

c)lack of training.

6.Find the English equivalents of the following word combinations in the text.

1.добыча углеводородов

2.либо нефть, либо природный газ

3.под очень высоким давлением

4.был выдан диплом

5.последние десятилетия

6.играть главную роль

7.нефтедобывающие регионы

8.специальные знания

9.статьи и презентации

10.одна из самых высокооплачиваемых профессий

7.Match the words above with their definitions.

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8. Fill in the gaps with the following words.

Constitute, volume, vary, effort, drastically, degree, commonplace, exchanged, concerning, efforts.

1.Young girls … a half of the student population at our university.

2.Our success is due to the combined … of many people.

3.Students who complete the course successfully will be awarded a … .

4.The petrol tank has a … of over 20 gallons.

5.Previously in oil and gas industry it was … to vent gas to atmosphere.

6.The job will require a great deal of time and … .

7.Our budget has been … reduced.

8.I … a few words with the manager.

9.The manager asked several questions … the future of the company.

10.Costs are likely to … depending on where you live.

9. Choose the best option.

1. In petroleum production, gas injection / completion is the process of making a well ready for production (or injection).

2.Well engineering / Production engineering involves designing, building, and maintaining different types of wells.

3.Artificial lift / Well logging is a technique used in the oil and gas industry for recording rock and fluid properties to find hydrocarbon zones in the geological formations below the Earth's crust.

4.Artificial lift / Waterflooding refers to the use of artificial means to increase the flow of liquids, such as crude oil or water, from a production well.

5.Petroleum geology / Petroleum engineering is the study of origin, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels.

6.The first patent for vertical drilling / horizontal drilling was issued in 1891 to Robert E. Lee, for drilling a horizontal drainhole for a vertical well.

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7.Sand control / Gas injection is a technique which is used during extraction of petroleum deposits to prevent sand from interfering with the extraction.

8.Well logging / Waterflooding usually involves the injection of water through wells specially set up for water injection and the removal of water and oil from production wells drilled adjacent to the injection wells.

9.Downhole flow control / Gas injection is a reservoir maintenance or secondary recovery method that uses injected gas to supplement the pressure in an oil field.

10.Reservoir engineering / Geophysics is an earth science that combines geology and physics. In other words, it is the study of the physics of Earth and other planetary bodies.

WORD BUILDING

10. Form nouns and translate them into Russian.

E.g. to complete закончить (скважину) + ion = completion заканчива-

ние скважины

1.to accumulate

2.to form

3.to inject

4.to deplete

5.to direct

6.to educate

7.to estimate

8.to evaluate

9.to operate

10.to organize

11.to perforate

12.to present

13.to select

14.to simulate

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