English for Public Administration (Central, Regional and Municipal Administration) (Английский язык для студентов, обучающихся по направлению «Государ

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UNIT 1. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PRE-TEXT EXERCISES

1. Give the initial forms of the following words:

separation, politics, challenged, developed, organizational, inefficient, administrative, executive, professionalism, governance.

2. State to what parts of speech the following words belong:

dissemination, era, governance, ideas, value, to improve, the dominance, organizational, new, responsibilities, focusing.

3. Check up if you can translate the following verbal forms correctly:

to required – is required; to advocate – advocated; to build – is built; to consider – is considered; to develop – to have been developed; to come – to have come.

4. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents:

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TEXT A

THE HISTORY

OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Some researchers state that public administration has no generally accepted definition. The scale of the subject is so grand and so questionable that it is easier to explain than define.

The process of public administration consists of the actions involved in effecting the intent or desire of a government. It is thus the continuously active, “business” part of government, concerned with carrying out the law, as made by legislative bodies (or other authoritative agents) and interpreted by courts, through the processes of organization and management.

Public administration dates back to Antiquity. Kings and emperors have required pages and tax collectors to administer the practical business of government.

Lorenz von Stein, a German professor (19th century), is considered the founder of the science of public administration in many parts of the world. Von Stein taught that public administration relies on many disciplines such as sociology, political science, administrative law and public finance.

In the United States of America, Woodrow Wilson (20th century) is considered the father of public administration. The separation of politics and administration advocated by Wilson continues to play a significant role in public administration today. However, the dominance of this idea was challenged by second generation scholars, beginning in the 1940s.

The new generation of administrators built on the work of contemporary behavioral, administrative, and organizational scholars. Luther Gulick developed a comprehensive theory of organization that emphasized the scientific method, efficiency, professionalism, structural reform, and executive control.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the government of the US came under fire as ineffective and inefficient. There was a call by citizens for efficient administration to replace ineffective, wasteful bureaucracy. Public administration would have to distance itself from politics.

In the late 1980s the new theory, the New Public Management, was proposed by David Osborne and Ted Gaebler. The new model advocated

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the use of organizational ideas and values to improve the efficiency and service-orientation of the public sector.

In the late 1990s, Janet and Robert Denhardt proposed a new public service model (the New Public Service). Their model for governance builds upon and expands the traditional role of the public administrator, which they call the Old Public Administration, and contrasts with the New Public Management. A successor to NPM is digital era governance, focusing on themes of reintegrating government responsibilities. One example of this is openforum.com.au, an Australian non-for-profit project which invites politicians, senior public servants academics, business people and other key stakeholders to engage in high-level policy debate.

In recent history, academic journals and societies have been the source of substantial development to the field. Among the most established organizations related to public administration is the American Political Science Association (APSA). Providing a meeting place and interactive community, such organizations have contributed to the dissemination of knowledge and changed approaches to the field. With the invention of the Internet, many of these organizations have moved online, making communication quicker and information more easily accessible.

VOCABULARY

1.to claim –

2.definition –

3.intent – *

4.development –

5.social disciplines – )

6.science –

7.contemporary – *

8.invite –

9.to establish –

10.approach –

11.to contribute –

12.invention –

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ASSIGNMENTS

1. Answer the questions:

A. In what century was public administration formed as a discipline? B. What does Luther Gulick’s theory of organization emphasize?

C. Who used NPM approach in the 1990s and what for?

2. Mark the sentences True or False. Correct the false ones:

A.Academic journals and societies made a great contribution to the science of public administration.

B.Lorenz von Stein, is the founder of the science of public administration.

C.Von Stein believed that public administration relies on administrative law and public finance.

3. Fill in the blanks:

contributed, to invite

A.The American Political Science Association have ________ to the spreading of knowledge of public administration.

B.Nowadays there are some online non-commercial projects which

______ politicians, business people to join the discussion.

4. Read the following synonyms and find key word from Text A.

A.noteworthy, considerable;

B.hold up, sustain, bear, maintain;

C.liability, accountability;

D.innovation, discovery, creation.

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5. Translate the following words into Russian:

6. Discuss in pairs:

A.Why do people study public administration?

B.Do you think it is important for government officials to know history? Why?

TEXT B

CASE STUDY: NEW DEAL

(POLITICAL IDEAS OF F. D. ROOSEVELT)

New Deal, the domestic program of the administration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt1 between 1933 and 1939, which took action to bring about immediate economic relief as well as reforms in industry, agriculture, finance, waterpower, labour, and housing, vastly increasing the scope of the federal government’s activities.

1 Franklin D. Roosevelt, in full Franklin Delano Roosevelt (born January 30, 1882, Hyde Park, New York, U.S.—died April 12, 1945, Warm Springs, Georgia), 32nd president of the United States (1933–45). The only president elected to the office four times, Roosevelt led the United States through two of the greatest crises of the 20th century: the Great Depression and World War II. He greatly expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal.

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Roosevelt stressed equality of opportunity for all citizens and emphasized the importance of fair government regulations of corporate “special interests”. The New Deal worked to balance competing interests to create a fair deal for all sides: labor and management, consumer and business, developer and conservationist. Roosevelt recognized that his program was not perfectly neutral because the government needed to intervene more actively on behalf of the general public to ensure economic opportunity for all.

Labor reform was probably the most revolutionary part of Roosevelt’s New Deal. His administration would have regulated minimum wage (allowing more goods to be bought), maximum hours (allowing jobs to be spread over a wide range of people), and prices (for fair competition).

The New Deal had an important impact in the housing field. The New Deal sought to stimulate the private home building industry and increase the number of individuals who owned homes. Before the New Deal 4 out of 10 Americans owned homes. This was because the standard mortgage lasted only 5 to 10 years and had interest as high as 8%. Under the New Deal, Americans had access to 30-year mortgages, the standardized assessment and construction standards helped open up the housing market to more Americans. Indeed, forty years after the implementation of the New Deal, ⅔ of Americans were home owners.

Roosevelt’s presidency characterized by the evolution of the role of government. The unique situation facing his administration forced them to reconsider what powers their government really had and to evolve new strategies for coping.

VOCABULARY

1.deal – , ,

2.to intervene more actively – *

3.to ensure equality of opportunities –

*

4.consumer –

5.settlement – ,

6.labor – ; )

7.minimum wage – * *

8.fair competition – ,

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