English for Public Administration (Central, Regional and Municipal Administration) (Английский язык для студентов, обучающихся по направлению «Государ

9.mortgage –

10.to reconsider – *

11.to evolve new strategies –

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Answer the questions:

A.What does the term “New Deal” mean?

B.What is meant by Labor reform?

C.Why was it necessary for the government to intervene more actively on behalf of the general public?

2. Mark the sentences True or False. Correct the false ones:

A.Roosevelt required stimulating the industry and reducing the taxes.

B.Roosevelt required stimulating the building industry and reducing the number of home owners.

C.“New deal” established maximum hours and minimum salaries for employees.

3. Fill in the blanks:

onsumer, reform

A.The New Deal balanced the opposing interests of employees and employers, _________ and business, developer and ecologist.

B.Labor ______ was the most radical component of Roosevelt’s New Deal.

11

4. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents:

5. Translate into English:

; *; ;

; , ;

*; ; , , ;

).

6. Translate into Russian:

deal; to intervene more actively; to ensure equality of opportunities; consumer; settlement; labor; minimum wage; fair competition; mortgage; to reconsider; new strategies.

7. Discuss in pairs:

A.What would you do if you were Roosevelt?

B.Which of Roosevelt’s decisions do you agree/disagree with? Why?

C.Does Roosevelt appeal to you as a leader? Why?

12

TEXT C

THE PRESENT AND FUTURE

OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

In recent years there has been great scholarly and scientific interest in organization, and a resultant outpouring of essays, books, and research reports designated by the term theory of organization. It is the view of some that organization itself, as a widespread social phenomenon, warrants the full concentration of many students.

Within Public Administration proper, perhaps the area of greatest current scholarly activity is the comparative study of public administration. This exposure to foreign, often non-Western, governmental systems and cultures has stimulated a sense of “comparativeness” and raised questions either about the appropriateness or the sheer possibility of transferring familiar administrative devices or applying what had been presumed to be good.

Recent years have seen the rapid development of various physical devices of significance for administration and a parallel development of various systems of logical thought applicable to the practice of, and to research on, administration. The former include a range of new machines, mostly electronic, that greatly extend the range of the hand and, particularly, the brain. These devices, of which the electronic computer in its various forms is the best known, perform certain work, particularly the storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data and the making of complex calculations, with such speed and accuracy that they open up a new range of human experience and potentialities. The systems of logical thought that have been newly developed for or applied in administration include certain branches of mathematics and certain quasi-mathematical systems of precise statement and reasoning.

The effect of these developments is to open new and enlarged opportunities for increasing administrative efficiency and rationality – both directly, through application of what is already known or already exists, and indirectly, through opening opportunities for new types of research on problems of organization and management. An example of direct application is operations research, which combines various specialized competences to analyze systems and solve problems. Simulation is an example of the expanded potentialities for research. The new physical inventions, plus new or improved systems of logical thought, permit an

13

unprecedented type and scale of simulation. Certain administrative situations (for example, decision-making problems) can be reproduced in their essentials, thus helping to solve a perennial problem of social science: how to control and repeat experiments.

Many of these machines, logical systems, and what might be called social technologies, such as operations research, are now used in various branches of public administration; in some branches, such as military logistics and tax administration, they are widely used.

The future of Public Administration is engaged with the future of political science, on the one hand, and with administrative science, on the other. From its beginnings it has represented a joining of certain interests of political science with the “management” movement. It still granted all the additional factors, the new developments, the broadened spectra. What meaning and importance will be given to the Public in Public Administration, whether it will evaporate or remain significant, perhaps even become more significant, will depend on what developments take place in political science and in the social sciences.

VOCABULARY

1.a research –

2.a comparative study –

3.technical assistance programs – ** * )

4.complex calculations –

5.to permit –

6.to broaden –

7.movement –

8.to solve a problem – *

9.to reproduce –

10.to represent –

11.tax administration – *

12.to evaporate – ,

14

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Answer the questions:

A.What two theories in public administration have recently been introduced?

B.What do general systems theory students think of human organization?

C.Why has Comparative Public Administration become popular?

D.What will the future meaning and importance of public administration depend on?

E.What recent advances in technology are mentioned in the text? Why?

2. Mark the sentences True or False. Correct the false ones:

A.Operations research combines various specialized competences to analyze systems and to find a solution.

B.The advanced arrangement of logical thought allow to broaden the variety of simulation.

C.The present of Public Administration deals with the potential knowledge of political science and with administrative science.

3. Fill in the blanks:

solve, comparative, reproduced

A.The ________ study of public administration has a considerable attention of scientists.

B.Decision-making process can be ______ in its fundamentals thanks to the new physical innovations.

C.Operations research links a range of specific competences with the purpose of observing, examining and evaluating systems and _______

problems.

4. Translate into Russian:

15

** * ); *;

; ; ;

.

5. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents:

6. Read the following synonyms and find the key word from Text C:

a.investigate, examine, explore;

b.aid, support, backing;

c.computation, reckoning, adding up;

d.allow, sanction, authorize;

e.widen, expand, enlarge;

f.appropriate, related, valid, fitting.

7. Discuss in pairs:

A.What invention of mankind do you consider the most important?

B.What technological innovations have appeared in the last ten years?

C.How can these innovations be used in public administration?

16

TEXT D

CASE STUDY: CONTEMPORARY VISION OF DEMOCRACY (B.

OBAMA)

The American President Barack Obama began his political career in 1996. His main goals include:

1.supporting economic security and jobs for Americans;

2.emphasizing the need to change the tax code to eliminate deductions for businesses that outsource jobs;

3.advocating cutting payroll taxes;

4.

5. eliminating tax breaks for the extremely wealthy.

Obama seems to be modeling his presidency on government “for the people”, not on the strengthening of a democracy “by the people”. As a result, his practice has too often looked more like “politics as usual” than a new politics. The health care initiative was a classic example of this.

President Obama set the goal that by 2020, the United States will once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world, and has fought to lower the cost of college for parents and students by passing a tax credit worth up to $10, 000 and making Pell Grant (1) awards larger and more widely available. And he reformed the student loan system, ending government subsidies for banks and using the savings to help more Americans afford their loan payments.

Obama’s administration pushed the Affordable Care Act, which established a new Patient Bill of Rights intended to eliminate healthinsurance practices deemed unfair to consumers, such as limits on lifetime coverage. Thanks to the Affordable Care Act:

•One million young adults have health insurance thanks to the new rule that enables young adults up to age 26 to be covered through a parent’s private health insurance plan.

•Seniors receive a 50% discount on brand-name drugs. Nearly 1.3 million seniors have already received the discount.

•Nearly 19 million seniors have already received one or more free preventive services and 1.3 million seniors have already received a free Annual Wellness Visit.

•Insurance companies must spend at least 80% of premium dollar on health care, not overhead, advertising and bonuses. More than 165 million are now getting a better value for their insurance dollar.

17

President Obama’s years of public service are based around his unwavering belief in the ability to unite people.

Notes:

1) Pell Grants - , (

* . ,). ,

* , ) * .

VOCABULARY

1.tax code –

2.health care – , *

3.thanks to –

4.premium dollars –

5.to eliminate tax breaks –

6.discount –

7.bonus – *

8.payroll taxes – (* * *

4 **

)

9.Pell Grants awards – ,

VOCABULARY STUDY

SET OUT

is a phrasal verb

•set out your stall

•to start a journey

synonyms or related words for this sense of set out

to start a journey: depart, embark on, sail, sally, set forth, set off, set out, start, start off, start out...

•to explain, describe, or arrange something in a clear and detailed way,

especially in writing

synonyms or related words for this sense of set out

to make something easier to understand: explain, define, put across, interpret, clarify, run through, set out, lay out, get across…

18

•to put something where it can be seen or used synonyms or related words for this sense of set out

general words meaning to put something somewhere: put, place, position, set, lay, balance, pile, settle, set out, put down...

•to start doing or working on something in order to achieve an aim synonyms or related words for this sense of set out

to start doing something: start on, begin, set about, embark on, get down to, start, dive in, get around to, go to, take over...

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Answer the questions:

A.What is Obama’s policy concerning the education issues?

B.What is Obama’s policy concerning the health care issues?

C.Should insurance companies spend at least 80% of premium dollar on health care according to the Obama’s democracy?

2. Mark the sentences True or False. Correct the false ones:

A.The political career of President B. Obama started in 1997.

B.Obama would like to eliminate tax breaks for the exceptionally prosperous people.

C.President B. Obama’s public administration desires to connect people around a policy of purpose.

3. Fill in the blanks:

loan, premium, insurance

A.Obama brought to an end government subsidies for banks, supporting Americans to meet the expenses of their ___ payments.

19

B.Insurance companies have to pay out more than 79 % of _____ dollar on advertising and additional benefits.

C.More than 150 million people are getting a better rate for their _______

dollar.

4. Translate into English:

; 0 * ;

; ; ;

,; * ; “0”

.

5. Translate into Russian:

discount on brand-name drugs; to eliminate tax breaks; payroll taxes; health-care; thanks to this grants; the health care initiative; thanks to this new system.

6. Discuss in pairs:

A.What do you know about how people live in the USA?

B.How is our life different from the one in the USA?

C.What would you do if you were the President of the USA?

GRAMMAR STUDY

Gerunds

A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition.

20