English for Public Administration (Central, Regional and Municipal Administration) (Английский язык для студентов, обучающихся по направлению «Государ

order to meet target deadlines. Successful intercultural management will depend on the individual’s ability to meet deadlines.

The management style in the United Kingdom is undergoing a metamorphosis, so you will find a variety of styles. In old-line businesses, the managing directors are the overall decision-makers.

In other industries, managers strive for consensus and make a concerted attempt to get everyone’s input before a decision is reached. The manager may still make the ultimate decision, after consultation with the staff.

Teamwork is becoming increasingly important in most organizations. The British believe the best ideas and solutions often come from having many stakeholders meet to discuss an issue. They also prefer for the highest-ranking person to make the decision (and then perhaps clear it with someone at a higher level), so decision-making can be laborious.

British managers praise employees, although not generally in public. Subordinates expect their efforts to be recognized and rewarded. Most British are suspicious if praise is excessive or undeserved.

VOCABULARY

1.word choices –

2.track record – ( - . )

3.to waste time – *

4.embarrassment – * )

5.track – ,

6.stakeholders – ;

7.old-line – ;

8.solution –

9.to avoid –

10.high-ranking –

11.highest ranking – * ) * ) (

))

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Answer the questions:

A.What is it like being a manager in the UK?

B.What is the role of a manager in the UK?

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C.What approach to change, time and priorities do British managers have?

D.Who makes final decisions in British businesses?

2. Mark the sentences True or False. Correct the false ones:

A.The British make decisions relatively quickly.

B.The British welcome any kind of change and tolerate risk.

C.British managers praise employees in public and subordinates suppose their efforts are rewarded.

D.The British choose to make decisions alone rather than together with their subordinates.

3. Translate into Russian:

In United Kingdom, groups collaborate well together as teams. Members are generally chosen to participate based on tangible skills or the knowledge base they bring, and are equally welcome to contribute to any discussion that may happen. They are encouraged to generate new ideas that may further the direction of the plan or spawn a new track entirely. In successful, dynamic teams, all members are appreciated for their actual and potential contribution, and all are treated with equal respect.

Communication will be direct and reserved. Avoid confrontational behavior or high-pressure tactics. Avoid displays of emotion and do not argue on the basis of feelings. Decision-making is slow and deliberate, so patience may be a necessary cross-cultural attribute. It is a good idea to send a letter summarizing what was decided and what the next steps are.

4. Discuss in pairs:

A.What information in the text do you find most important?

B.What problems may occur if a foreign businessman is unfamiliar with the British culture?

C.Do you think it is easy to do business with the British? Why?

5. Find the topical sentence of each passage of Text C and make a short summary of the text using the topical sentences you have found.

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UNIT 7. MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PRE-TEXT EXERCISES

1. Give the initial forms of the following words:

create, save, see, resemble, protect, guard, a limited, creativity, purchase, satisfy, avoid, punish, prevent, control, public, work.

2. State to what parts of speech the following words belong:

manager’s, pluralist, necessary, political, to save, the constitution, increasing, avoid friction, dull-witted, rights, increasingly.

3. Check up if you can translate the following words correctly:

responsiveness, constitution, frequently, behavior, conflicting, maintaining, agencies, maximizing, huge, friction, pluralist, democracy, perspective, recognition, separation, administration, inflation, reduction, education, organization, revolution, globalization.

4. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents:

TEXT A

PERSPECTIVES

OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The Political perspective is the pluralist democracy model. The fundamental values of the political perspective are representation, responsiveness, accountability, and separation of powers: the purpose of the

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doctrine of separation of powers in the American constitution was not to avoid friction, but to create friction to save the people from abuse of power. The political perspective also grew out of recognition that the policyadministration dichotomy was mythical and public administration, in reality, is necessary a political endeavor.

In the United States, because the constitution does not provide a solid foundation for the existence of government agencies and bureaus, they “more or less perforce are in the business of building, maintaining, and increasing their political support. They lead and in large part are led by the diverse groups whose influence sustains them. Frequently they lead and are led in conflicting directions. This is not due to incapacity to see the contradictions in their behavior but is a result of the contradictory nature of their support.”

The Legal Perspective view public administration as applying and enforcing the law in concrete circumstances, and a process marked increasingly by judicialization (i.e. the tendency for administrative processes increasingly to resemble courtroom procedures) and by a growing concern for protecting and maximizing individual rights through legal procedures in administrative activities. The legal perspective values stressed by the legal perspectives: procedural due process, individual substantive rights and equal protection of the laws, equity in the sense of substantive fairness in the result of conflicts between private parties and the government, and constitutional integrity.

Managerial public administration emerged in the second half of this century as a form of coping with the fiscal crisis, as a strategy of making the administration of the huge services the state took on less expensive and more efficient, and as a device to protect the public patrimony against corruption.

VOCABULARLY

1.accountability – ,

2.the separation of powers –

3.to create –

4.political endeavor –

5.a solid foundation – *

6.circumstances –

7.to resemble – *

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8.equal protection – )

9.constitutional integrity –

10.fiscal crisis –

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Answer the questions:

A.What is the core of the political perspective ?

B.What are the principles of the legal perspective ?

C.What are the fundamental values of the managerial perspective ?

D.When did managerial public administration emerge?

2. Mark the sentences True or False. Correct the false ones:

A.Managerial public administration appeared in 2000.

B.The Political Perspective of public administration is concerned with applying the law in concrete circumstance.

C.The appearance of managerial public administration was a model that showed a strategy of making the administration of the huge services the state took on less expensive.

4. Translate into Russian:

5.

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6. Which words can you derive from the following:

7. Read the following synonyms and find key word from Text A:

a)look like, be similar to, look a lot like;

b)answerability, responsibility;

c)division, taking apart, disconnection;

d)hard, firm, concrete;

e)make, produce, generate.

8. Translate into English:

A.Public administration is a field of study and an occupation.

B.In the late 1980s, yet another generation of public administration theorists began to displace the last.

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C.The history of public administration and management theory is one of changing understandings of the relationship between employees and managers, between the organization and the community, and between organizations.

D.It is not a history in which theories are built incrementally, or additively, simply by adding new information to what has gone before.

E.Instead, theories seem to be led by changes in political thought and cultural values, which influence the way in which relationships are conceptualized.

9. Find the topical sentence of each passage of Text A and make a short summary of the text using the topical sentences you have found.

TEXT B

MANAGERIAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Managerial public administration is a form of coping with the financial crisis, a strategy of making the administration of the huge services the state took on less expensive and more efficient, and a device to guard the public patrimony against corruption.

Some basic characteristics of managerial public administration:

•outcome-oriented;

•citizen-oriented;

•assumes that politicians and civil servants are entitled to a limited degree of trust;

•uses as strategy decentralization and the incentive to creativity and innovation;

•controls public managers through the device of management contracts.

While bureaucratic public administration is process-oriented, strictly defining legal procedures to hire personnel, to purchase goods and service, and to satisfy citizens’ demands, managerial public administration is result-oriented. Bureaucracy concentrates itself in processes, in spite of the high inefficiency involved, because it believes that this is the safer way to avoid favouritism and corruption.

Controls are preventive; they come a priori. Besides the bureaucracy realizes that to punish deviations is often difficult, if not

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impossible; thus, it prefers to prevent them through strict legal means. Finally, bureaucracy has no alternative but to control legal procedures.

In contrast, managerial public administration assumes that nepotism and corruption are to be fought. This does not require rigid procedures. They might have been necessary when patrimonialist values were dominant, but not now, when the mixing of private and public patrimony is universally rebuked. Rent seeking is usually a more subtle and sophisticated way of privatizing the state, demanding new counterstrategies.

Managerial administration, decentralization, the delegation of authority and responsibility to public managers, the strict control of the achievement of the agreed-upon performance indicators, is not only a much more efficient way of managing the state, it is also more effective in fighting these new forms of state privatization.

VOCABULARLY

1.managerial – *

2.to cop –

3.outcome-oriented –

4.process-oriented –

5.innovation –

6.strict –

7.rigid procedures –

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Answer the questions:

A.What are the essential characteristics of managerial perspective of PA?

B.Is managerial public administration result-oriented or process-oriented?

C.What does politicians and civil servants are entitled to according to managerial public administration?

D.What is a much more efficient way of managing the state?

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2. Mark the sentences True or False. Correct the false ones:

A.Managerial public administration can liquidate the financial crisis of the country.

B.Bureaucratic public administration firmly impose legal procedures to purchase goods and service.

C.According to managerial public administration civil servants have unlimited degree of trust.

3. Fill in the blanks:

managerial, oriented, process

A.Managerial public administration is not ________-oriented.

B.___________ public administration is citizen-___________.

4. Translate into Russian:

One current trend in Public Administration is toward a belief that decentralization is more efficient and effective than centralized administration. This is led by the political changes of the past election (although at a deeper level, it began with Ronald Reagan’s election in the early 1980s), as well as changes in management theory typified by quality circles and quality management organizations. There is a distrust of bureaucracy and a sense that leadership from the center is too often out of touch with the peripheries, and too often insulated from everyday realities, whether in public or private organizations.

5. Translate into English:

*; *;

; ;

*;

; .

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6. Find the topical sentence of each passage of Text B and make a short summary of the text using the topical sentences you have found.

TEXT C

CASE-STUDY:

MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (MARGARET THATCHER)

Margaret Hilda Thatcher (born 13 October, 1925) is a British politician and the longest-serving (1979-1990) British prime minister since 1827, and the only woman ever to have held the post. A Soviet journalist nicknamed her the “Iron Lady”, which later became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. Mrs. Thatcher’s Government sought to expose the public sector to a more private sector approach to managing its resources.

Those parts that could not actually be sold off were bludgeoned with the twin cudgels of greater pressure on the 3Es – Effectiveness, Efficiency and Economy – and a stronger regulatory regime through the National Audit Office and Audit Commission.

The Thatcher government and beyond The Thatcher government’s economic policies were an embodiment of its desire to attack inflation and cut public expenditure, and to reduce the public sector borrowing requirement.

The reduction of public expenditure was applied across almost all public areas including social services, education, housing, the environment and social security. Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government set out to reform the political and economic boundaries of Britain. The aim was to substitute markets for political hegemony in approaches to public organizations and services. The objectives of performance management both before and after 1979 were basically the same in terms of accountability for public spending, and improving the quality of public services. What distinguished the period from 1979, however, was the political imperative for change, backed by the language of “reform” and “revolution”.

The management revolution in the civil service is not just concerned with cost cutting and increased efficiency, essential though that is. It involves targeting investment more closely to identified needs and

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