Biomedical Engineering. Биомедицинская инженерия. Учебное пособие

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

М. Н. ГОРДЕЕВА, С. В. НИКРОШКИНА

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

БИОМЕДИЦИНСКАЯ

ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета

в качестве учебного пособия

НОВОСИБИРСК

2022

Unit 1. Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics

1.1. Answer the questions:

1.What do you know about biomedical engineering (BME)? 2.Where can BME be applied?

3.What problems are usually solved by biomedical engineers? 4.What are career prospects for biomedical engineers?

5.Can you predict the future of biomedical engineering?

1.2. Read and translate the text:

Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics

Biomedical engineering is the application of the principles and problemsolving techniques of engineering to biology and medicine. This is evident throughout healthcare, from diagnosis and analysis to treatment and recovery, and has entered the public conscience though the proliferation of implantable medical devices, such as pacemakers and artificial hips, to more futuristic technologies such as stem cell engineering and the 3-D printing of biological organs.

Engineering itself is an innovative field, the origin of ideas leading to everything from automobiles to aerospace, skyscrapers to sonar. Biomedical engineering focuses on the advances that improve human health and health care at all levels.

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics, mathematics, and engineering to analyze and interpret biological data.

Bioinformatics is considered both an umbrella term for the body of biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as a reference to specific analysis "pipelines" that are repeatedly used, particularly in the field of genomics. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidate genes and nucleotides. Often, such identification is made with the aim of better understanding the genetic basis of disease, unique adaptations, desirable properties (esp. in agricultural species), or differences between populations. In a less formal way, bioinformatics also tries to understand the organizational principles within nucleic acid and protein sequences.

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1.3. Answer the questions:

1. What is biomedical engineering?

2. What spheres can BME be applied in?

3. What does BME usually focus on?

4. What fields of study does bioinformatics combine?

5. What are common uses of bioinformatics?

6. What is the aim of identification of candidate genes and nucleotides

1.5. Translate from Russian into English:

1.методы решения проблем

2.междисциплинарная сфера

3.войти в общественное сознание

4.с целью наилучшего понимания

5.сочетать статистику, математику и инженерное дело

6.лечение и выздоровление

7.распространение имплантируемых медицинских устройств

8.инновационная сфера

9.разработка методов

10.пытаться понять принципы

1.6.Make up 10 sentences with the expressions above.

1.7.Form nouns adding the suffixes -er, -or to the given verbs. Translate the nouns and verbs into Russian:

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Example:

to design – a designer (конструировать – конструктор) to detect – a detector (определять – детектор)

To build; to operate; to contain; to receive; to read; to produce; to transmit; to invent; to discover; to innovate.

1.8. Study the explanation of the summary writing: HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY

A summary is a brief statement or account of the main points of a piece of writing.

It is not a rewrite of the original text and does not have to be long.

The purpose in writing the summary is to give the basic ideas of the original reading: what was it about and what did the author want to communicate?

How to create a summary?

1) Identify the type of work (text, article), title, author, and main point.

In the text (article) “ …” the author presents (shows, describes ...) his opinion on the hot topic of living in a technological society.

The text “ … ” deals with the problem of ... (discusses some problems relating to ..., provides information on ...).

2) Write in the present tense.

At the beginning of the text / article the author characterizes... (comments on ..., explains ..., analyses ...).

Attention is drawn to the fact that... . It should be noted that ... .

3) Include linking words so your reader can easily follow your thoughts.

Next / Further / Then it is reported / shown that ....

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5) Don't put your own opinions, ideas, or interpretations into the summary.

Your summary should have between 100 and 120 words.

1.9.Write the summary of the text "Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics".

1.10.Explain what bioengineering as a field of study is. Find the information dealing with bioinformatics as an interdisciplinary field. Summarize this information.

Unit 2. Biomedical Engineering and Other Disciplines.

Biomedical Engineers

2.1. Translate the terms:

1an advanced prosthetic limb

2to identify proteins within cells

3orthopedic implants

4to develop new diagnostic tools

5to aid in transplants

6implantable devices

7external devices

8coronary stents

9dental products

10pacemakers

2.2. Make up sentences with the terms from the table above. 2.3 Read and translate the text:

Biomedical Engineers

Biomedical engineers differ from other engineering disciplines that have an influence on human health in that biomedical engineers use and apply an intimate knowledge of modern biological principles in their engineering design process. Aspects of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, materials science, chemistry, mathematics, and computer science and engineering are all integrated with human biology in bio-

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medical engineering to improve human health, whether it be an advanced prosthetic limb or a breakthrough in identifying proteins within cells.

There are many subdisciplines within biomedical engineering, including the design and development of active and passive medical devices, orthopedic implants, medical imaging, biomedical signal processing, tissue and stem cell engineering, and clinical engineering, just to name a few.

Biomedical engineers work in a wide variety of settings and disciplines. There are opportunities in industry for innovating, designing, and developing new technologies; in academia furthering research and pushing the frontiers of what is medically possible as well as testing, implementing, and developing new diagnostic tools and medical equipment; and in government for establishing safety standards for medical devices. Many biomedical engineers find employment in cutting-edge start-up companies or as entrepreneurs themselves.

Tissue and stem cell engineers are working towards artificial recreation of human organs, aiding in transplants and helping millions around the world live better lives. Experts in medical devices develop new implantable and external devices such as pacemakers, coronary stents, orthopaedic implants, prosthetics, dental products, and ambulatory devices. Clinical engineers work to ensure that medical equipment is safe and reliable for use in clinical settings. Biomedical engineering is an extremely broad field with many opportunities for specialization.

2.4. Answer the questions:

1. What type of knowledge do biomedical engineers apply?

2. What is integrated with human biology in biomedical engineering? 3. Can you name any subdisciplines within biomedical engineering? 4. What opportunities do biomedical engineers have in their careers? 5. What do clinical engineers work on?

2.5. Form adjectives adding the suffix - al. Translate the words into Russian:

Example: medicine – medical (медицина – медицинский)

Dentistry, government, recreation, biomedicine, technology, addition, globe, habit, phenomenon, nature, option, logic, electronics, culture, classic, continent.

2.6. Write the summary of the text "Biomedical Engineers".

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2.7. Find the information dealing with aspects integrated into biomedical engineering. Summarize this information.

2.8. Choose one subdiscipline within bioengineering and make a report.

Unit 3. Career Prospects and the Future

of Biomedical Engineering

3.1. Read and translate the text:

The Future of Biomedical Engineering

In the last few years, biomedical engineering has become one of the best health care careers ever. And the possibilities within biomedical engineering are nearly endless. New innovations in technology, materials, and knowledge mean that tomorrow's breakthroughs can barely be conceived of today. After all, a generation ago, biomedical engineering, as a field, did not exist.

Career paths in biomedical engineering tend to be driven by the interests of the individual: the huge breadth of the field allows biomedical engineers to develop specialties in an area that interests them, be it biomaterials, neuromodulation devices, orthopaedic repair, or even stem cell engineering. Biomedical engineers often combine an aptitude for problem solving and technical know-how with focused study in medicine, healthcare, and helping others. It is this hybridization that has led to so much innovation—and so much opportunity—in biomedical engineering.

Economically speaking, medical diagnostics triple in market value each year. Revolutionary advances in medical imaging and medical diagnostics are changing the way medicine is practiced. New medical devices, arising in the research laboratories of biomedical engineers around the world, have completely altered the manner by which disease and trauma is dealt with by physicians, extending the quality and length of human life.

Ultimately, the future of biomedical engineering is tied to both the issues and obstacles we discover and advances and achievements in fields like chemistry, materials science, and biology. Just as in most other fields, interdisciplinarity means that innovation originates from many directions at the same time.

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