AN ENGLISH COURSE FOR STUDENTS OF FINANCE. Учебно-методический комплекс

Oral Practice

Banker:

Surely. Where are they payable?

Customer:

At one of the banks in New York.

Banker:

Are they the registered or the coupon type?

wife.

Banker:

You'll both have to assign them.

stocks, if I could find a good growth industry.

Banker:

Well, the market looks favorable right now.

Cashier:

Now this is the checking account ledger. Each page is a

record of a customer's deposits and withdrawals.

Clerk:

And you give a copy of this to the customer.

Cashier:

That's right. That's his statement, which he receives

with all his canceled checks. Then he reconciles in with

his own records.

Clerk:

This one is a joint account, isn't it? And pretty active.

Cashier:

Yes, it is.

Clerk:

What's this debit?

Cashier:

That's our service charge.

Clerk:

I notice an overdraft here in February.

Cashier:

I am afraid we've had to remind this man and his wife

several times that they must keep a sufficient balance

to cover all outstanding checks.

Clerk:

Will I have to learn to recognize all our customer's sig-

natures?

Cashier:

Yes, you will. Any check we cash must have a genuine

signatures. But we keep a file of them that you can re-

fer to.

Clerk:

Will I be doing any posting of this ledger?

Cashier:

Oh yes.

Cashier:

Oh, that's part of their job. And they do sometimes find

shortages or false entries.

Oral Practice

Clerk:

What else do they do?

Cashier:

Well, in general, they evaluate the resource and liabili-

ties of the bank, and see that the capital structure isn't

impaired in any way.

Clerk:

They want to see the bank is in sound condition.

Cashier:

That's right. The present regulations were set up be-

cause in years past there were so many bank failures.

Clerk:

Do they make an audit of the bank's books?

Cashier:

To an extent. And they inquire into our accounting me-

thods.

Clerk:

Do they actually run the ledgers?

Cashier:

Yes, And they go so far as to count every coin and

every bill in the vault and even in the tellers' cages.

trol of banking?

Banker:

Well, of course, the main objective of all these controls

is to protect the depositor.

Customer: How about the borrower?

Banker:

Yes, there are legal ceiling on the interest rates a bank

may charge on loans.

Customer: This is a protection against what they call usury.

Banker:

That's right. Then there are controls that protect both

the bank and the customer from loss by embezzlement.

Customer: By an audit of the books?

Banker:

Partly. But also by requiring that each employee be

bonded.

protect the country against deflation and inflation?

Banker:

Yes, But that gets pretty involved in monetary theory.

Banker:

Yes, it did. For one thing, it was necessary to build up

the people's confidence in banks and discourage

hoarding.

tion, wasn't it?

Banker:

Yes. We went off the gold standard in 1988.

Customer:

Wasn't the depression caused by the crash in 1929?

Banker:

Well, partly, at least, We'd gone through a stock mar-

ket boom and period of prosperity, and the people

weren't prepared for the shock to the nation's econo-

my.

Customer: There was a panic.

Banker:

Yes, a very serious one. There were dangerous runs on

banks and they had to foreclose on many mortgages

they held.

Banker:

The stockholders own it. In the beginning they put up

the necessary capital and were granted a charter from

the government.

to manage it.

Banker:

That's right along with the cashier, the tellers, and the

clerical workers.

Oral Practice

Banker:

Yes, But we invest money, too. Planning the bank's in-

Customer:

Do you divide all the profits among the stockholders?

Banker:

Not all of them . The stockholders receive regular divi-

dends. But some of our earnings are held in reserve ac-

counts.

Customer: I suppose that would be necessary.

Banker:

Here's a copy of our last published statement you see,

the reserves are shown here as surplus and undivided

profits.

Student:

The bank must use mast about every form of exchange

in a day's work.

Cashier:

Just about. Of course, we constantly handle coins and

bills of every denomination.

Student:

They're what you call legal tender?

Cashier:

Yes. Of course. A nation's currency is its legal tender.

Student:

But a check isn't a legal tender.

Cashier:

No. However, checks are a very common form of ex-

change, and they're generally accepted in lieu of cur-

rency.

Student:

Are traveler's cheeks currency?

Cashier:

Not in a strict sense. But they're immediately negotia-

ble everywhere. For instance, even merchants will cash

them under most circumstances.

Student:

The bearer need only present proper identification.

Cashier:

That's right.

Student:

Well, what's bank note? Is that currency?

Cashier:

Definitely. Bank notes are issued by the banks of the

Federal Reserve System, and they're legal tender just as

silver certificates are.

105

Student:

That's what I thought. But getting back to checks, why

are bank drafts sometimes preferred over checks?

Cashier:

Well, in the case of a check, in party who signs it is the

only one who guarantees payment. But a bank draft is

issued and guaranteed by a bank.

Student:

Is that true of cashier's checks, too?

Cashier:

Yes. And also of certified checks and money orders.

Student:

What about sight drafts?

Cashier:

No. Sight drafts are different. They're a form of request

for payment through a bank.

required to subscribe to any stock in the Reserve Bank

in your District'!

Banker:

Yes. And to explain further, all national banks must be

members of the System. Incorporated state banks, in-

cluding commercial bank, mutual savings banks, trust

companies, and industrial banks, may join the System.

do Federal Reserve Banks offer to member banks?

Banker:

As fiscal agents of the United States Treasury, they as-

sist in the issue and redemption of government bonds

and the refinancing of bonds that have reached maturi-

ty. They'll also accept from us any paper that can be

rediscounted, if our cash reserve becomes low.

acceptance (n)

А

-

согласие на оплату денежных и то-

access (n)

варных документов

-

доступ

account system

-

система расчетов

accrue (v)

-

возрастать, накапливаться

advise (n)

-

совет, извещение, уведомление

affect (v)

-

влиять

amalgamation (n)

-

слияние

amount (n)

-

количество

argument (n)

-

доказательство

assort (v)

-

подбирать

assess (v)

-

определять, оценивать (размер нало-

assets (n)

га), облагать налогом

-

активы

audit (n)

-

аудит

balance sheet

В

-

счет баланса

bank account

-

банковский счет

bank deposit

-

банковский депозит

bank money

-

средства банковского оборота

bank organization

- банковская организация и структура

& bank structure

банка

bank rate

-

учетная ставка банка

barter (n)

-

бартер

benefit (n)

-

прибыль

beneficiary (n)

-

лицо, получающее прибыль

bill (n)

-

вексель, счет

blur (v)

-

затуманить, сделать неясным

bond (n)

-

облигация

borrow (v)

-

занимать

Branch (n)

филиал

108

Vocabulary

budget (n)

-

бюджет

bulk (n)

-

объем, вместимость

-

С

cancel (v)

аннулировать, погасить

capital market

-

рынок капитала

cash (n)

-

наличные деньги

cash in bank

-

наличность в банке

in cash

-

наличность, бумажные деньги

cash on hand

-

денежная наличность

cash reserve

-

кассовый резерв (резерв наличности)

cash reserve

-

норма кассовых расходов

ratio

certificate (n)

-

удостоверение, свидетельство, серти-

charge (v)

фикат

-

начислять издержки, взимать

check (n)

-

проверка, контроль

cheque (n)

-

банковский чек

chequing account

-

чековый счет

chequing facilities

-

чековые средства

circulation (n)

-

циркуляция, обращение, кругообо-

claim (n)

рот

-

требование, претензии, иск

coin (n)

-

монета

coincide (v)

-

совпадать

consumption (n)

-

потребление

commercial

коммерческая оценка

judgement

commercial paper

- краткосрочный коммерческий век-

commission (n)

сель

-

комиссионная продажа

compound (v)

-

рассчитать, соединять

commitment (n)

-

вручение, передача

commodity (n)

-

товар

contractual (а)

-

контрактный

convergence (n)

- конвергенция, сближение

109

cost of production

-

издержки производства

costs (n)

-

расходы, издержки, затраты

credit (n)

-

кредит, аккредитив, сумма, записан-

currency (n)

ная на кредит

-

валюта

current (a)

-

текущий

customer (n)

клиент

dealer (n)

D

-

посредник, торговец

debentire (n)

-

долговое обязательство

debit (n)

-

дебет (расход)

debit and credit

- дебет, кредит (расход, приход)

debt (n)

долг

decide (v)

-

решать

decline (n)

-

падение, снижение

deductability (n)

-

отчисление, вычитание

deficit (n)

-

дефицит

differed payment

-

отсроченный платеж

defraud (v)

-

обманывать

demand (n)

-

спрос

denomination (n)

-

достоинство, стоимость купюры

deposit (n)

-

вклад

deposit lending

кредитования за счет депозитных

depositor funds

вкладов

- средство на денежных счетах

depreciation (n)

-

снижение цен

devaluation (n)

-

девальвация

discharge (v)

-

погашать долг

discount (n)

-

скидка

discount rate

-

учетная ставка, учетный процент

dividend (n)

дивиденд

double entry

-

двойная запись

drawee (n)

-

трассат

drawer (n)

-

выдвижной ящик, чертежник, соста-

витель

110