Моделирование транспортных процессов. Учебное пособие
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ɆɂɇɂɋɌȿɊɋɌȼɈ ɉɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂɘ ɂ ɇȺɍɄɂ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ
Ȼɟɥɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ ȼ Ƚ ɒɭɯɨɜɚ
Ⱥ ȿ Ȼɨɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ Ⱥ ɋ Ɉɫɬɚɩɤɨ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɭɱɟɧɵɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ 190700.62 ©Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜª
Ȼɟɥɝɨɪɨɞ
2013
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ɍȾɄ ȻȻɄ ɹ
Ȼ 97
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ Ⱦɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ Ȼɟɥɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ ȼ Ƚ ɒɭɯɨɜɚ Ɋ Ɋ ɒɚɪɚɩɨɜ Ʉɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ Ȼɟɥɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɈȺɈ ©ɐɟɧɬɪ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣª ȼ ɉ Ʌɨɝɜɢɧɨɜ
Ȼɨɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ Ⱥ ȿ
Ȼ97 Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ/ Ⱥ ȿ Ȼɨɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ Ⱥ ɋ Ɉɫɬɚɩɤɨ.– Ȼɟɥɝɨɪɨɞ ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ȻȽɌɍ, 2013. – 84 ɫ
ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɞɚɧ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ 190700.62 ©Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜª.
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ.
ɍȾɄ629.113(07)
ȻȻɄ ɹ7
Ȼɟɥɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬȻȽɌɍ ɢɦ ȼ Ƚ ɒɭɯɨɜɚ, 2013
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ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ....................................................................................................... |
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1. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɉɈɇəɌɂə ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ |
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ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌɇɈȽɈ ɉɈɌɈɄȺ................................................. |
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Ɋɨɥɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ...4
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɢɞɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ......................... |
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ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ........................................................................ |
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ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ......................................... |
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ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ........................................................................ |
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Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ..7
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ........................................................................ |
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ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ |
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ɩɨɬɨɤɚ..................................................................................................... |
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ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ...................................................................... |
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Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ..................... |
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ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ...................................................................... |
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Ɇɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ..................... |
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ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ...................................................................... |
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ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨ-ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯ |
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ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.................................. |
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ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ...................................................................... |
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ɉɅȺɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɂ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ȽɊɍɁɈȼɕɆɂ |
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ɉȿɊȿȼɈɁɄȺɆɂ........................................................................................ |
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ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ................................................... |
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ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ...................................................................... |
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Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɪɚɬɱɚɣɲɢɯ |
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ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ............................................................................................. |
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ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ...................................................................... |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ........................................................................... |
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Ɍɟɫɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ........................................................................... |
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ................................................................................................ |
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɗɤɡɚɦɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ............................................ |
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɗɤɡɚɦɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ............................................... |
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Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ...................................................................... |
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ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ........................................ |
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ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɗɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɜ ɝɢɛɤɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɢɫɤ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɂɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɬɢɯɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɱɚɫɬɨɦɭɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɧɟɞɨɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɭɳɟɪɛɭ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɝɚɩɨɥɢɫɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɥɢɱɧɨ-ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɣɫɟɬɢɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ - ɮɢɡɢɤɨɜ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɨɜ ɇɚɤɨɩɥɟɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɢɢɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɟɧ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɟɧ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɧɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɟɦɤɢɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɹ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɨɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɟɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦ [Report].
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ
4
1. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɉɈɇəɌɂə ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌɇɈȽɈ ɉɈɌɈɄȺ
1.1. Ɋɨɥɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɞɨɪɨɝ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ – ɚɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɥɢɱɧɨ-ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɡɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɍɥɢɱɧɨ-ɞɨɪɨɠɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɥɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɥɟɬ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɭɥɢɱɧɨ-ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ – ɤɦ ɱ ɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɵ ɩɢɤ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɞɨ – ɤɦ ɱ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹȾȾ Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ Ɍɉ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ Ɍɉ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɡɚɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɪɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ Ɍɉ ɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ȾȾ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɍɉ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɗȼɆ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
5
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ Ɍɉ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ
1.2. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɦɨɞɟɥɶ», «ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ» ȼɢɞɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ-ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚɌɉ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ-ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥ ɈɈ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ – ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɈɈ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɈɈ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ
ȼɢɞɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɈɈ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɈɈ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɆɆ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɆɆ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɢɫɤɨɦɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɜ ɹɜɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɭɸ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɂɡɨɦɨɪɮɧɵɟ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɨɦɨɪɮɢɡɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟɜɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɦɚɹɬɧɢɤɟɢɥɢɩɪɢɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ
ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɷɬɚɩ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɆɆ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɭɸ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɬɚɩ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɗȼɆ
6
ɂɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɈɈ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɈɈ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ
1.ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ"
2.ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
3.ɑɟɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ"
4.ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
5.ɑɟɦ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ"
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ |
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ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ |
ɱɚɫɬɨ |
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ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ |
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ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫ , |
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ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Ɍɉ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ Ɍɉ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɡɚɞɟɪɠɟɤ |
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2 |
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ɟɞ ɱ |
1,5 |
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3 |
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N*10 |
1 |
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0,5 |
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6 |
8 |
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10 |
12 |
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14 |
16 |
18 |
20 |
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22 |
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ɑɚɫ |
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ɚ |
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2,5 |
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ɟɞ ɱ |
2 |
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1,5 |
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3 |
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N*10 |
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1 |
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0,5 |
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1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
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Ɇɟɫɹɰ |
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ɛ |
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Ɋɢɫ Ⱦɧɟɜɧɨɟ ɚ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɟ ɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ |
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ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉ 1D – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ |
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ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɡɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ – ɝɨɞ |
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7
ɦɟɫɹɰ ɱɚɫ ɦɢɧɭɬɚ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚ ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɧɟɜɧɭɸ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣɢɩɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɪɢɫ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ Ɍɉ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ Ɍɉ (qa) – ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɬɟɫɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ȿɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɉ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ-ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɟ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ȾȾ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɟɝɨ ɰɟɥɟɜɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ Ɍɋ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɟɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉ – ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ Ɍɉ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɠ ɞ ɩɟɪɟɟɡɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɬɨɪɚɯ
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɍɉ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ > @ Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɉ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɥɢɱɧɨ-ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ > @ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ
1.ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɍɉ
2.Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ȼɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ"
3.Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ"
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
8
ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɜ ɬɪɟɯ ɰɢɤɥɚɯ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɦ
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɢ ɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ - ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɲɤɚɥɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɟɬɢ - ɨɬ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɧɨɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɡɠɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɥɟɟ
Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɷɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɗɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɭɦɚ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɦɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɨ ɢ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɨɪɨɠɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ
9
ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɥɟɟ Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
ɉɹɬɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɚɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɷɪɨɮɨɬɨɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɯ
ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɗɬɚ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɦɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɞɢɫɥɨɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢ ɜ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ - ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ
1.ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɩɹɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɍɉ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ"
2.ɑɟɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ Ɍɉ"
3.ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ Ɍɉ"
4.ɉɨɱɟɦɭ Ɍɉ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ"
5.ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ Ɍɉ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ©ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣª ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ"
6.ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ȼɚɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
7.ȼ ɱɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɉ"