Модальные глаголы английского языка. Учебное пособие

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Exercise 99. Mr. and Mrs. Buck are deciding what to take with them on holiday. Rewrite the sentences, using the word in brackets:

Mrs. BUCK: It’s not necessary to take the tent. (need) We don’t need to take the tent. We’re not going camping again!

Mr. BUCK: ’e hotels will be ‘ll, possibly. (might) ’e ___________. Mrs. BUCK: ’en it will be necessary to sleep in the car. (have) ’en we

___________________________________.

Mr. BUCK: Well, I think we’ve got everything we need. What’s in that paper bag?

Mrs. BUCK: I’m sure it’s the sun cream we got in Brighton. (must) It __

____________________________________.

Mr. BUCK: It wasn’t necessary to buy it. (needn’t) We _____________. Mrs. BUCK: Is it a good idea to take it with us this time? (Should)

______________________________? It’s not possible for us to make the sun shine. (can’t) We ______________________________?

Mr. BUCK: ’e sun’s always shining when you’re with me, Margaret! Mrs. BUCK: Are you feeling OK, George? Maybe you should have a

rest. (better) ___________________________________.

Exercise 100. Michael is about to give a presentation. Use the words in the box to nish it:

‘Can you hear me at the back of the hall? (1) __________ the microphone? Oh dear, it isn’t working! You (2) __________ move to the front if you can. Excuse me, (3) __________ this information around? ’ank you. Have I brought enough copies? I haven’t? I’m so sorry. Sir, I can see you don’t have a seat, but you (4) __________ write anything in my presentation. I’ll put everything on my website. I (5) __________ to give you the address at the end. Now, I’ve (6) ________ in thirty minutes, so we’d (7)

__________. I’m sorry, Madam, but you (8) __________ be able to see the screen unless you move forward. Anyway, I (9) __________ started ‘ve minutes ago. Right, where are my notes?’

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Exercise 101. Four friends are in a café. If the underlined modal verb forms are wrong, correct them. If they are right, put a tick (˅):

TIM: Is that your phone ringing, John?

JOHN: Yes. It can be (*) must be Dave. He said he would ring about now. No, wait a moment, it can’t be (1) _____ Dave. ’at’s not his number. I wonder who it is.

PHIL: You’ll have to (2) _____ answer it if you want to know! Who’s that by the window, Tim? Is it Alice?

TIM: It needn’t be (3) _____ She’s in New York. She must (4) _____ go there on business last Monday.

PHIL: ’en it must be (5) _____ her sister or something.

JOHN: ’at was someone called Louise on the phone. I don’t know her. PHIL: But she should have (6) _____ your number!

JOHN: … and she says she’s in the café with us. By the window.

TIM: Really? Well, she could be (7) _____ the girl who looks like Alice. JOHN: Shall I (8) _____ speak to her?

PHIL: You don’t ought (9) _____ to, because she’s coming over now. LOIS: Hi, John. I’m Alice’s cousin. She gave me your number. JOHN: Have a seat. Can I (10) _____ get you a co˜ee?

Exercise 102. Express your reproach. Combine the modal verbs should, ought to, might with the right form of the in nitive:

1. You ____________ not (toœsay) that! See how distressed she is. 2. Michael __________ (toœapologize) when he saw that Mary’s feelings were hurt. 3. You __________ not (toœput) so much sugar in the custard. 4. Peter got married a week ago. He __________ (toœinvite) us to his wedding. 5. It’s not an excuse. You __________ (toœbe) more considerate to your relatives. 6. Vera feels so lonely in our town. Your attitude to her __________

(toœbe) more friendly. 7. Keeping late hours is bad for your health. You

_______________ (toœsit up) late yesterday. 8. John seldom plays with his son. He __________ (toœgive) him more attention. 9. Kate leš them in tears. ’ey __________ (toœtreat) her better. 10. “You __________ (toœask) her about her husband. He died in an accident two weeks ago.” “How awful! You __________ (toœwarn) me.”

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Exercise 103. Complete sentences using can / could / might / must / should / would + the verb in brackets. In some sentences you need to use Perfect In nitive (must have … / should have … etc.). In some sentences you need the negative (can’t / couldn’t etc.):

1.A: I’m hungry.

B:But you’ve just had lunch. You can’t be hungry already. (be)

2.A: I haven’t seen our neighbours for ages.

B:No. ’ey __________ away. (go)

3.A: What’s the weather like? Is it raining?

B:Not at the moment but it __________ later. (rain)

4.A: Where has Julia gone?

B:I’m not sure. She __________ to the bank. (go)

5.A: I didn’t see you at John’s party last week.

B:No, I had to work that evening, so I __________. (go)

6.A: I saw you at John’s party last week.

B:No, you didn’t. You __________ me. I didn’t go to John’s party. (see)

7.A: When did you post the letter to Mary?

B:’is morning. So she __________ it tomorrow. (get)

8.A: When was the last time you saw Bill?

B:Years ago. I __________ him if I saw him now. (recognize)

9.A: Did you hear the explosion?

B:What explosion?

A:’ere was a loud explosion a few minutes ago. You _________ it. (hear)

10.A: We weren’t sure which way to go. In the end we turned right.

B:You went the wrong way. You __________ leš. (turn)

Exercise 104. Make sentences from the words in brackets:

1.Don’t phone Ann now. (she might / have / lunch) She might be having lunch.

2.I ate too much. Now I feel sick. (Iœshouldn’t / eat / so much) _________

______________________________________________________

3.I wonder why Tom didn’t phone me. (heœmust / forget) ____________

_______________________________________________________

4.Why did you go home so early? (you needn’t / go / home so early) ____

______________________________________________________

5.You’ve signed the contract. (itœ/ can’t / change / now) ______________

______________________________________________________

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6.“What’s Linda doing?” — “I’m not sure.” (she may / watch / television)

_________________________________________________

7.Ann was standing outside the cinema. (she must / wait / for somebody)

_________________________________________________

8.Hewasinprisonatthetimethatthecrimewascommitted,so(heœcouldn’t / do / it). _________________________________________

9.Why weren’t you here earlier? (you ought / be / here earlier) _____ ___

_______________________________________________________

10.Why didn’t you ask me to help you? (Iœwould / help / you) ______ ___

_______________________________________________________

11.I’m surprised nobody told you that the road was very dangerous. (you should / warn) __________________________________________

12.George was in a strange mood yesterday. (heœmight not / feel / very well)

_____________________________________________________

Exercise 105. Correct mistakes in the following sentences:

1.You’d better to leave now if you want to catch the last bus. __________

_____________________________________________________

2.If Tom can a˜ord to go on holiday to the Bahamas, he should have lots of money. ______________________________________________

3.I’m sure you will already hear the President’s announcement. _______

_______________________________________________________

4.I didn’t actually see the ‘lm, but from what I’ve read I’m sure I wouldn’t enjoy it. ___________________________________________

5.Her parents can have inŸuenced her decision to resign. ____________

_______________________________________________________

6.I was in my o•ce all day. You may have come to see me at any time. __

___________________________________________________

7.I’m not able to believe she’s 50. She looks much younger than that. ___

_______________________________________________________

8.Ašer the trees have been cut back, we can see more of the garden from the sitting room. ________________________________________

9.She was bruised quite badly in the accident. It has got to still hurt a lot.

_______________________________________________________

10.When I went to school we must learn Latin. __________________

11.He didn’t cook the dish himself so you mustn’t eat it all. He won’t be o˜ended. _______________________________________________

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12.You needn’t a special pass to get in. ________________________

13.“Can I use the computer?” — “Of course you could.” ___________

14.He should like some milk, please. __________________________

Exercise 106. Which one of the verbs given can complete all three sentences in each set?

1.used to / will / would

a)Most days my father _____ get up ‘rst and make breakfast.

b)When I was training for the marathon, I _____ run over 100 kilometers a week.

c)We went back to Dublin to see the house where we _____ live in the 1960s.

2.should / ought to / must

a)Students _____ be encouraged to type their assignments.

b)“Whose car is that outside Bill’s house?” — “It _____ belong to Bill’s sister. I heard that she’s staying with him this weekend.”

c)You _____ have some of this cake. It’s brilliant!

3.needn’t / mustn’t / don’t have to

a)I’ll be quite late getting to London, but you _____ change your plans for me.

b)I’m afraid I owe quite a lot of money to the bank — but you _____

worry about it.

c)Next time, read the small print in the document before you sign it. You _____ make the same mistake again.

4.must / need to have to

a)People with fair skins _____ be particularly careful when they go out in the sun.

b)’e Browns _____ have won the lottery — they’ve bought another new car!

c)We _____ give at least six months’ notice if we want to leave the house.

5.may / could / might

a)Ray told me that someone had bought the old house next door. _____

he be right about that, I wondered.

b)’e major changes to the timetable _____ cause delay and confusion.

c)I asked in the bookshop about Will Dutton’s latest book, but all they

_____ tell me was that it would be published before the end of the year.

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6.can / could / is (orœwas) able to

a)Val had always wanted to go scuba diving and _____ do so last summer.

b)I hope Jim _____ help you tomorrow.

c)She played the piano quite well even before she _____ read music.

Exercise 107. How would you reproach somebody in the following situations?

1.You are a teacher. A student says he hasn’t done his homework because he didn’t know what had been set. You think it is no excuse.

2.A friend who has promised to give you a new book refuses now.

3.A group of teenagers are teasing a cat.

4.You are a doctor. A mother has called you to examine her sick child, waking you up in the middle of the night. Ašer examining the child you ‘nd there’s nothing particularly wrong with him: just a common cold, and his temperature is only 37.3œ°C.

5.Your sister / brother has invited to tea an acquaintance whom you dislike. You think it was not a very good idea to do so without consulting you.

6.You are in your room in a hall of residence. Suddenly the door is opened and a man bursts into the room without knocking. You’re very angry.

7.A friend comes half an hour late. He says he is sorry and that it’s not his fault really as his bus got into a tra•c jam. You don’t accept his apology.

8.A friend missed his plane, coming to the airport just ašer his Ÿight had taken o˜.

9.A friend has failed his exam due to his “cramming theory”.

10.A friend came to a small town on business without booking a room in the only hotel and had to spend the night in the hall of the hotel, which turned out to be fully booked.

Exercise 108. Translate into English using the modal verbs can, may, must:

1. -• • . ‡ • • • • ; • …•• • , • • . 2. ˆ , • • , ,

• • • • , •

• • . 3. • • • , • • • , Œ •

… • . 4. ¡ • • • ; , , • • • ,

… . 5. • • • , • • • • . ¢ •

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• , • • . 6.

• ; • • • . 7. • • ‰ • ? 8. •

• • ? 9. ‚ , • • • •

• • • • . 10. «‚ , • • , • ‰… ».— « • • • , • • ‰… , • ». 11. «

?» — «‚ , • • , … ». 12. ‹•, • • , ‰-

, .

Exercise 109. Translate into English using the modal verbs can, may, must:

‡ • • • † •-

, • … • . «ž • Œ • • - • ?» — • . «‚ • • •, • , -

. ˆ , • , Œ , • • , ,

• † « • ». ˆ • • Œ •

•… • •? • • , Œ • … •? €•

• • • • . ‚ , • • , … … † • , • • • • •

• • . • • … ? ž • • … • ? • • • • …• ? € , , , ‰

• • • . Ž • •! • - • !» ‹ • • • † ‰ . ž-

• •••. • Œ ? „ ! • -

. ‹ • • , • • , • • €• • , … •… • • ,

‰ • • .

Based on an episode from To Let by J. Galsworthy

Exercise 110. Translate into English using the modal verbs should, ought to, might:

1. ‚ • • , • , • • • •

• • . 2. ƒ• , • • . • • - • • . 3. • • ‰-

• . 4. ‹• • • • Ž , • • • -

. 5. ƒ • .

6. - • • . • • • . 7.

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• • • . ƒ• • ‰ , • • • •

. 8. ‹ • • ‹ . 9. ! ‹

• •! • • . 10.

• •; … • ‰ .

Exercise 111. Translate into English:

1. ‹• • , ˆ ‰ • . 2. ¡ •

• • . ƒ •• • , • . 3. €• • , • • .

4. • • Œ • . 5. ‹ • …

• . € … . 6. • • • § ? • • • . 7. • • Œ , •• ‰ •. 8. ƒ • • .

• , • • • . 9. ƒ

• ? 10. • • .

11. … Œ • . ‹ • • , •

• , • • . 12. „- • • • , • • • . 13. -

•, • • • . 14. -

, • †•.

Exercise 112. Translate into English, using modal verbs whenever possible:

1. • • , ‰ ‰ Ž †. 2. « • • • , • • , • • • , •- • • • », — • . 3. Ž † † •-

• , • • • •

• • , • . 4. ‚ • , • • • , • • • , • • - . 5. «‚ • • • • •, •‰ ‰

, • •• • • • Œ », — • . 6. • • • • Œ •, • • : •

• • , Œ • ‰ , • … — , • •

• . 7. ‚ • • • ¥ • ,

, • • … • † † † , • • • , • • , • . 8.

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‚ … • ‰ , • , • • • • - • . 9. „ • ‰… †• †, • Œ

, , • • •

• , • • • • • • - •, • • • • • Œ • .

Based on an episode from e Citadel by A. Cronin

Exercise 113. Translate into English, using modal verbs whenever possible:

1. € • , • € • • •

•… •. 2. ‚ † • , , • Œ •- • • ‰ • • •, € • •

…. 3. ‚ ‰ … • • : • •

• † … • €• . 4. ž

•… , • • , , • • • • • , . 5. € •

• € • , • • • • -

• , • , • • -

… • , • • • • .

Based on an episode from David Copper eld by Ch. Dickens

Exercise 114. Translate into English, using modal verbs whenever possible:

1. • • • , • • … ‰ • • •

• • • . 2. • • ,

† • ? 3. • • • , • • • • . 4. «Ž ,

• • , • », — • • • , -

• † • , ‰ . 5. «‚ • •

• », — „ • , † • • . 6. ‚ • • • ‰ • . 7. « Œ • • • ?» —

• • ž , • . 8. • • , Œ -

- • • .9. • •

• Œ •• . « • • • , • • Œ • • -

, … • ». 10. • , -

… ? 11. «‚ • • , •

• », — • • .12. „ • ,

• • , • • , • • -

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• , • … • . 13. « , • • • ,

, • • • , ‰ • … », — -

• • .14. „ • , , ‰ , • , • • , , • . 15. «‚ • • •

• • • • • † », — • • • .

Based on an episode from David Copper eld by Ch. Dickens