3.The fact that humans have biologically given needs means that

a.A great deal of human behavior is instinctive

b.All cultures have some kind of standardized courtship behavior

c.Like animals, humans cannot override those needs

d.These needs determine the structure of human society.

4.It is easy to be ethnocentric when studying cultures other than one’s own because

a.Modern Western civilization represents the height of human evolution

b.Many cultures lack knowledge of basic hygiene

c.Different cultures have very different values and ideas

d.Not all cultures have the same material advantages.

5.Which of the following is NOT considered by social scientists to be a cultural universal?

a.Religious rituals

b.Dancing

c.Kissing

d.Gift-giving.

6.The process of socialization

a.Is kind of cultural programming

b.Connects the different generations to one another

c.Occurs only during infancy and childhood

d.All the above.

7.The majority of U.S. children spend their early years

a.In a small-scale family context

b.Living in poverty

c.In single-parent households

d.In extended families where grandparents are present.

8.Schools are considered to be agencies of socialization because

a.Children are expected to observe rules of discipline

b.Teachers’ reactions influence children’s expectations of themselves

c.Children are kept in classes with other children of the same age

d.All the above.

VI. Now you have to discuss these questions

1.How do we overcome ethnocentrism when we meet a completely “different” culture? Aren’t they just “wrong”?

2.What does it mean to you personally to have been socialized?

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3.Think about the influences of different agencies of socialization in your life.

4.Which was the most important?

5.Do the agencies of socialization differ among individuals or groups in a given culture?

6.Consider your own life course. In what ways is your life course similar to the life course followed by your parents? In what ways is it different?

VII. This time you have to provide the summary of the text using the expressions bellow

1.The article under consideration is… I’m going to speak about…

The article I’d like to speak…

2.The title of the text is…

The article is headlined…

The headline of the article I’ve just read is…

3.The key-note is… The main idea is… The article is about…

The article is devoted to… The article deals with… This article touches upon…

The purpose of the article is to give the reader some information on The aim of the article is to provide with some material on

4.The author starts with telling the reader about…

Further the author reports that… The article goes on to say that… The article looks into the situation… The article reports at length …

The article takes a critical view of… There is every reason to believe that… It would be wrong to assume that…

5.The author comes to the conclusion that…

In conclusion/to sum up/to conclude/ to crown it all

6. I find the article interesting/ informative/ important/ of great importance/of great value/ of no value

This article is too hard to understand/ is rather dull It is pointed out/ started / declared/ emphasized I’d like to mention/ add/ point out/ underline

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