genetically.

4.Labeling theory argues that there are identifiable crimes that we can label.

5.Most murder victims are killed by someone they know.

6.Almost all crimes are reported to the police.

7.Women are just as likely as men to commit crimes.

8.Organized crime grew in the United States in relation to the industrial "robber barons" of the late nineteenth century.

9.Imprisoning large numbers of people is a successful way of preventing others from committing crimes.

10.In Holland, where many social activities that are considered deviant in the United States are tolerated, rates of violent crimes are low.

VII. Now you have to make the right choice

1.The Hare Krishna cult is an example of

a.Deviance

b.Deviant subculture

c.Criminal network

d.Pathological society.

2.A satisfactory account of the nature of crime must be sociological because

a.Anomie is common in modern society

b.The definition of “crime” depend on social institutions

c.Criminals are socialized into committed criminal activities

d.Violent criminals tend to be psychopaths.

3.Sutherland idea of differential association argues all the following EXEPT

a.Criminals are psychologically normal

b.Criminal activities are learned

c.Anomie is a cause of deviance

d.Some environments encourage illegal activities.

4.According to Merton, “innovators” in a society are those who

a.Reject existing social values and the normative means of achieving them by retreating from the social world

b.Reject dominant social values and the approved means of achieving them but wish to substitute new values and reconstruct the social system

c.Accept socially approved values, but use illegal means to follow them

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d.Accept socially approved values and obey rules for their own sake.

5.High rates of violent crime are found in societies marked by

a.Social divisions and economic inequalities

b.Tolerance of deviance

c.A high degree of individual freedom

d.All the above.

6.All the following statements about white-collar crime are true EXEPT

a.The cost to society is enormous

b.It is never violent

c.It is regarded more tolerantly by society

d.It is rarely reported in official crime statistic.

7.The only crime of which the female rate of conviction approximates that of men is

a.Public drunkenness

b.Burglary

c.Murder

d.Shoplifting.

8.Labeling theory begins with the assumption that

a.No act is intrinsically criminal

b.The existence of prisons helps to discourage young people from deviant behavior

c.There is genetic component that helps determine who will become a criminal

d.Criminals never completely accept the label of deviance.

VIII. You have to put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1.The concept of deviance /nonconformity /a given norm /accepted / by/to /majority /which /means / of /society /the /generally /is.

2.In /police /administer /societies /and /courts /the /formal /the /sanctions/ modern.

3.Some /link /traits /try /to /criminality /to /personality /psychopathic/ theorists.

4.The /men /of violent /out /crimes /carried /by /majority /are.

5.Some /nondeviants /as /analyze /a process /theorists /deviance /of/ interaction/ between /deviants /and.

6.Activities /of / trade /organized /and /international /narcotics /an /include gambling /prostitution /increasing /illicit /crime.

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7. Most /killed /victims /are /murder /by /they /someone /know.

IX. Study this rule

‘If’ clauses (2)

To express the condition that is untrue, uncertain or improbable, we use this structure:

‘If + past tense + conditional tense

Examples

If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t work anymore.

You would never return to the Earth if you went to another planet.

Now you have to say what you would do if…

1.If I (see) some schoolboys beating a smaller boy, I (try) to stop the violence.

2.If I (see) a person refusing to eat some food because of his/her religion, I (try) to know more about this religion.

3.If a disabled person (come) up to me, I (talk) to him/her like any other one.

4.If I (not agree) with what another person says, I (listen) to him/her without interrupting to give him/her a chance to speak.

5.If I (want) to say something that may hurt a person’s feelings, first of all I (tell) the person what I (appreciate) about him/her and than what I (not like).

6.If I (hear) a person telling an ethnic joke hurtful to people, I (advise) not to show politically incorrect behavior.

7.If I (can) live anywhere in the world, I (live)...

8.If I (can) choose any job, I (be)...

9.If I (can) change anything about myself, I (change)…

10.If I (win) a lot of money, I (give) half of it to charity.

X. This time you have to provide the brief summary of the text using the expressions from Unit 2

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UNIT 7

GLOBAL CHANGE AND MODERN SOCIETY

I. This time you have to match the following English key concepts and terms in column A to their Russian equivalents in column B

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