Технический перевод (английский язык). Учебное пособие

ЧАСТЬ 3. ОБРАЗЦЫ ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫХ ТЕКСТОВ – TEST SAMPLES

Для успешного прохождения итоговой аттестации по предмету «Английский язык. Технический перевод», которая проводится в конце 5 учебного семестра, студент должен наработать навыки письменного перевода.

Для подготовки предлагаем следующие 8 текстов, соответствующих уровню и размеру экзаменационным заданиям. При работе над текстами можно использовать переводной словарь. Очень важно следить, вопервых, за качеством получаемого перевода – он должен соответствовать нормам русского языка, и, во-вторых, за временным ограничением – на перевод данного текста студент должен тратить не более 45 минут.

Sample 1. Cache memory

System-on-a-Chip (SoC) designers have a problem, a big problem in fact, Random Access Memory (RAM) is slow, too slow, it just can’t keep up. So they came up with a workaround and it is called cache memory. If you want to know all about cache memory then read on!

You may think it strange to hear that RAM is slow, you might have heard that hard disks are slow, CDROMs are slow, but main memory, are you serious? Of course, speed is relative. We might say that a certain type of road car is the fastest, but then it is relatively slow when compared to a Formula 1 racing car, which itself is slow compared to a supersonic jet and so on.

At the heart of a System-on-a-Chip is the CPU. It rules supreme and it is very demanding. The average mobile CPU is clocked at anywhere from 1.5 GHz to around 2.2GHz. But the average RAM module is clocked at just 200MHz. So what that means is that the average bank of RAM is running with a clock speed that is a factor of 10 slower. For the CPU this is an eon. When it requests something from RAM it has to wait and wait and wait while the data is fetched, time in which it could be doing something else, but can’t as it needs to wait…

Sample 2. The MSDN Library

It’s no wonder Microsoft reigns supreme in the world of software. In addition to building must-have applications like Microsoft Office, they’ve

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created a massive collection of resources for programmers to digest. The MSDN Library stores an incredible amount of technical documentation that guides programmers in the use of Microsoft development tools.

Recently a friend of mine was assigned to write some data warehousing procedures and wondered if I could point him to examples. Sure enough, I found plenty of well-written procedures on the subject at MSDN, and quickly forwarded him a link.

Many great examples of technical writing carry the Microsoft label. It only makes sense that when you produce massive amounts of software, you become very adept at technical writing.

If you decide to download the MSDN, make sure that you have a relatively decent size chunk of hard drive space. It requires a minimum of 900 MB, and a full installation needs 1.9 GB. The do If you decide to download the MSDN, make sure that you have a relatively decent size chunk of hard drive space. It requires a minimum of 900 MB, and a full installation needs 1.9 GB. The download itself comes in three ISO images totaling about 1.6 GB. If you have an old version of the MSDN installed, this new edition will update it.

Sample 3. Types of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

Most cloud computing services fall into three broad categories: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS). These are sometimes called the cloud computing stack, because they build on top of one another. Knowing what they are and how they are different makes it easier to accomplish your business goals.

IaaS is the most basic category of cloud computing services. With IaaS, you rent IT infrastructure—servers and virtual machines (VMs), storage, networks, operating systems—from a cloud provider on a pay-as-you-go basis.

Platform-as-a-service (PaaS) refers to cloud computing services that supply an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering and managing software applications. PaaS is designed to make it easier for developers to quickly create web or mobile apps, without worrying about setting up or managing the underlying infrastructure of servers, storage, network and databases needed for development.

Software-as-a-service (SaaS) is a method for delivering software applications over the Internet, on demand and typically on a subscription basis. With SaaS, cloud providers host and manage the software application and underlying infrastructure and handle any maintenance, like software upgrades

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and security patching. Users connect to the application over the Internet, usually with a web browser on their phone, tablet or PC.

Sample 4. Types of cloud deployments: public, private, hybrid

Not all clouds are the same. There are three different ways to deploy cloud computing resources: public cloud, private cloud and hybrid cloud.

Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-party cloud service provider, which deliver their computing resources like servers and storage over the Internet. Microsoft Azure is an example of a public cloud. With a public cloud, all hardware, software and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider. You access these services and manage your account using a web browser.

A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources used exclusively by a single business or organisation. A private cloud can be physically located on the company’s on-site datacenter. Some companies also pay third-party service providers to host their private cloud. A private cloud is one in which the services and infrastructure are maintained on a private network.

Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, bound together by technology that allows data and applications to be shared between them. By allowing data and applications to move between private and public clouds, hybrid cloud gives businesses greater flexibility and more deployment options.

Sample 5. High-quality antispam solutions

Using rules for filtering spam

The lists of white and black rules are one of important mechanisms in filtering mail messages. Rules allow you to exactly identify a message as belonging to a certain class judging by the analysis of information in its headers or its body.

Filtering spam by black words in message subjects

The lists of white and black rules are one of important mechanisms in filtering mail messages. Rules allow you to exactly identify a message as belonging to a certain class judging by the analysis of information in its headers or its body.

How to avoid phishing scams

Phishing is a type of fraud designed to steal your identity. Socialengineering schemes use ‘spoofed’ e-mails to lead consumers to counterfeit websites designed to trick recipients into divulging financial data such as credit card numbers, account usernames, passwords and social security numbers AntispamSniper for Outlook provides professional antispam and anti-phishing

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protection for your mailbox. A combination of several methods for automatic email classification results in an excellent filtering quality with the minimum error rate. The plug-in has a built-in option allowing deleting spam from the server by headers. The good messages deleted by mistake from server by header can be restored within a certain period of time after deletion. The plug-in filters POP3, IMAP and Exchange accounts.

Sample 6. AntispamSniper for Windows Mail

AntispamSniper for Windows Mail provides professional antispam and anti-phishing protection for your mailbox. A combination of several methods for automatic email classification results in an excellent filtering quality with the minimum error rate. The plug-in has a built-in option allowing deleting spam from the server by headers. The good messages deleted by mistake from server by header can be restored within a certain period of time after deletion. The plug-in filters POP3 and IMAP accounts.

The statistical trainable classification algorithm has unique characteristics. It analyzes your private correspondence, singles out distinguishing features from messages of different classes and uses this information for the effective analysis of incoming messages. The algorithm constantly improves its classification quality with each new processed message. It is possible to track back the history of classifying messages and training the plug-in using a filtering log.

The plug-in can delete spam right on the server by headers, using a list of account settings. The accounts for filtering can be added manually or automatically. The rest of messages are downloaded to email client for filtering by full content, and the messages with high spam ratio are moved to a special folder automatically.

Sample 7. MailWasher

Delete

Delete e-mails before downloading them to your computer. You’ll be able to see who the email is from, the subject, the attachment and lots of other useful info. This helps you to decide if you want to delete the email or keep it. A great way to stop viruses and spam or to just delete unnecessary emails.

Simplicity

No flashy gimmicks, so easy to use that you won’t feel like you have to learn a whole new program. In fact it has the familiar look and feel of most other email programs. It’s as easy as 1,2,3. Just check mail, mark for deletion/ learning, then ‘Wash’ mail.

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Preview

Easily preview the messages in your email account to see what the sender has to say before downloading your email to your computer. This ensures you won’t download any nasty emails to your computer. Additionally, spam is marked in a red color, and your good email is marked as a green color for quick analysis.

Friends list

Add your friends email addresses to MailWasher and they will always be recognized. You can even hide your friends from the screen so the spam is easy to recognize.

Antispam tools

Comprehensive anti-spam tools ranging from your personal friends list and blacklist, customizable filters, external blacklists and bayesian spam filtering which quickly learns to distinguish your spam and good email.

Sample 7. SQL

This chapter provides a tutorial introduction to MySQL by showing how to use the mysql client program to create and use a simple database. mysql (sometimes referred to as the “terminal monitor” or just “monitor”) is an interactive program that enables you to connect to a MySQL server, run queries, and view the results. mysql may also be used in batch mode: you place your queries in a file beforehand, then tell mysql to execute the contents of the file. Both ways of using mysql are covered here.

To see a list of options provided by mysql, invoke it with the --help option: shell> mysql --help

This chapter assumes that mysql is installed on your machine and that a MySQL server is available to which you can connect. If this is not true, contact your MySQL administrator. (If you are the administrator, you need to consult the relevant portions of this manual)/

This chapter describes the entire process of setting up and using a database. If you are interested only in accessing an existing database, you may want to skip over the sections that describe how to create the database and the tables it contains.

Because this chapter is tutorial in nature, many details are necessarily omitted. Consult the relevant sections of the manual for more information on the topics covered here.

MySQL supports a number of SQL data types in several categories: numeric types, date and time types, string (character and byte) types, spatial types, and

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the JSON data type. This chapter provides an overview of these data types, a more detailed description of the properties of the types in each category, and a summary of the data type storage requirements. The initial overview is intentionally brief. The more detailed descriptions later in the chapter should be consulted for additional information about particular data types, such as the permissible formats in which you can specify values.

Sample 7. Data types

Data type descriptions use these conventions:

•M indicates the maximum display width for integer types. For floatingpoint and fixed-point types, M is the total number of digits that can be stored (the precision). For string types, M is the maximum length. The maximum permissible value of M depends on the data type.

•D applies to floating-point and fixed-point types and indicates the number of digits following the decimal point (the scale). The maximum possible value is 30, but should be no greater than M−2.

•fsp applies to the TIME, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types and

represents fractional seconds precision; that is, the number of digits following the decimal point for fractional parts of seconds. The fsp value, if given, must be in the range 0 to 6. A value of 0 signifies that there is no fractional part. If omitted, the default precision is 0. (This differs from the standard SQL default of 6, for compatibility with previous MySQL versions.)

• Square brackets ([ and ]) indicate optional parts of type definitions.

Sample 8. The best freeware

Windows and macOS don’t get the attention they used to in today’s mobile world. But we have not fully abandoned the desktop. The real work (and a lot of the play) of computing requires a full personal computer system. To get the most out of that, you need software.

Software can be expensive if you’re not smart about it. Free programs have been a mainstay of the desktop experience for decades, and the offerings only get more powerful and fascinating each year. As PCs compete with smartphones, it gets even better. Software developers can adopt an ad-based model, donation-ware to keep things afloat, or a shareware/freemium model that charges for extra features.

Something to always watch for: crapware installers. To make ends meet, many creators of otherwise great free software, or the services that offer the programs for download, bundle in things you don’t want. Worse, the installation

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routine obfuscates the steps, so you provide the unwanted program tacit permission to be installed.

One tip that helps prevent the extra crapware onslaught: only download desktop software from the maker of the software directly. It’s not foolproof— after all, developers want to eat, too—but it helps. That’s why one of the criteria for inclusion here is that the program has to be available directly from the maker.

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СЛОВАРЬ ТЕРМИНОВ

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