Сбор, диагностика и обработка палеонтологических материалов при проведении учебных геологических практик. Учебное пособие на модульной основе

5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

olistostromes;

traps.

18.Planetary processes causing a reduction in the area of the world ocean:

transgression;

regression;

accretion;

glaciation.

19.A complex of rocks of predominantly terrigenous type formed in the frontal zone of collision structures:

molasses;

halogens;

evaporites;

bauxites.

20.The lithological section of the successive change of precipitation from coarse-grained to fine-dispersed, and carbonates is formed by:

regression;

glaciation;

transgression;

eolation.

21.The lithological section of the successive change of sediments from chemogenically carbonate to sandshale and coarse-grained is formed at:

eolation;

regression;

destruction;

transgression.

22.The trap formation is characteristic of:

median massifs; syneclise; volcanic arcs; shields.

23. This method is not paleotectonic: lithologic-and-facies;

paleomagnetic;

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5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

evolutionary; formation analysis.

24. What does paleontology study? organisms of past geological epochs; minerals;

only dinosaurs; rocks.

25.What are fossils? the type of rocks;

fossilized remains of plants and animals; mineral aggregate;

there is no such term.

26.The process of biomineralization – fossilization is: the process of converting dead organisms into fossils; the process of burial of fossil organisms;

process of destruction of fossil organisms; fossil transfer process.

27.Subfossils are:

fossils with preserved soft tissues; fossils with whole skeletons; fossil traces;

waste products of fossil organisms.

28.Mammoths preserved in permafrost are: subfossils;

ichnofossils;

eufossils;

coprofossils.

29.What is a prerequisite for rock formation? crowded habitation;

predatory lifestyle; skeletal composition; mass extinction.

30.Which skeletons of fossil organisms are the most common?

carbonate;

celestine;

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5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

manganese;

silicon.

31.Organogenic limestone has the composition: carbonate;

phosphate;

manganese;

celestine.

32.The most significant role of organic rock formation falls on the share of:

higher plants (caustobiolites); mollusks (limestones); radiolarians (siliceous earth); echinoderms (limestones).

33.The relief-forming role of fossil organisms is reflected in: the creation of reef structures;

the creation of dividing ridges; the creation of karst craters;

the creation of deflationary basins.

34.In what kind of rocks are fossil organisms not preserved? sedimentary;

intrusive;

effusive.

35.Guide fossils that allow determining the age of rocks are organisms:

distributed over large areas, but in a short period of time; distributed over small areas, but over a long period of time; which are often found in a certain area;

which are rock-forming.

36.Biocoenosis is:

community of living organisms; community of dead organisms; community of buried organisms; fossil community.

37. Thanatocenosis is: community of buried organisms; fossil community;

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5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

community of living organisms; community of dead organisms. 37. Taphocenosis is: community of dead organisms; community of living organisms; fossil community;

community of buried organisms.

39.Oryctocoenosis is: fossil community;

community of buried organisms; community of living organisms.

40.Planktonic organisms are:

floating in the water column in suspension; independently moving;

living at the bottom of basins;

burrowing into the ground at the bottom of basins. 41. Nekton organisms are:

living at the bottom of sea basins; attached to various substrates; independently moving in the water column;

organisms without organs for independent movement.

42.Benthos are organisms: attached to the substrate;

moving in the bottom layer of water; living at the bottom;

independently moving.

43.Can the same organisms lead both benthic and planktonic lifestyles?

Yes;

No;

sometimes;

depending on conditions.

44.Choose examples of nekton organisms from modern organisms known to you:

squids;

crabs;

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5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

shrimps;

oysters.

45.When correlating the biochemical and morphostructural zones of the seas and oceans, supralittoral, littoral and sublittoral are confined:

to the shelf;

to the ocean bed;

to the mid-ocean ridge; to the deep-sea trench.

46.The abyssal bionomic zone is confined to:

to the continental foot (6000–6500 m); to the deep-sea trench (10000–11034 m); to the mid-ocean ridge;

to the shelf.

47. The lower border of the sublittoral is carried out according

to:

the disappearance of algae; the appearance of predators;

the appearance of carrion eaters; the disappearance of animals.

48.In the evolution of the organic world, the most ancient

are:

bacteria;

plants;

fungi;

animals.

49.Life on Earth originated:

at the turn of 3.7–3.5 billion years; 4–4.5 billion years;

1.5–0.5 billion years; 0.25–0.6 billion years.

50. The first mass appearance of mineral skeletons of organisms in the animal kingdom occurred:

600–570 million years; 1.5–0.5 billion years; 300–250 million years;

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5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

65–10 million years.

51.The mass appearance of terrestrial vegetation has occurred:

S2 – D1;

E3 – O1;

O2 – O3;

P1 – P2.

52.The mass appearance of the first terrestrial vertebrates occurred:

D;

C;

P;

S.

53.The appearance of human occurred:

N2;

Q;

P;

N1.

54.The strongest extinction was:

K;

T;

P;

Q.

55.In what period did animals inhabit the land?

P;

S;

K;

D.

56.The first forests on the planet were formed in:

J;

T;

C;

P.

57.What rocks form radiolarians?

tripolith;

clay;

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5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

limestone;

granite.

58.The fundamental difference between multicellular and protozoa is that they:

consist of one cell; made up of many cells; have a skeleton;

are predators.

59.Archaea, Proterozoic (since 1991) are:

eras;

eons;

aсrons;

systems.

60.To determine the age of Precambrian rocks, the following are used:

foraminifera;

pelecipods;

conodonts;

stromatolites.

61.What is not typical for Archean atmosphere

CH4;

NSD;

HF;

O2.

62.Rocks characteristic only of the Katarchean (> 3.5 billion

years):

tillites;

jaspilites;

charnockites;

marbles.

63.Foundations of ancient platforms were formed:

2.5 ± 0.05 billion years ago;

1350 million years ago;

1650 ± 50 years ago;

535 million years ago.

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5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

64. The most ancient (AR1) polygenetic rock complexes of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite composition are widely developed within shield structures:

green shale; gray gneisses; granulites; metamorphites.

65. Megacontinent Pangea-0 was formed in Early Archaean;

Riphean;

Proterozoic;

Late Archean.

66.Archean organic world: brachiopods;

dinosaurs;

bacteria;

pelecipods.

67.What marks the transition from the Archean to the Proterozoic in the planetary plan?

the appearance of a new fauna; transgression;

glaciation;

global granitoid magmatism and regional metamorphism.

68.The time of the formation of Pangea-I:

Late Proterozoic;

Late Archean;

Early proterozoic;

Middle Archean.

69.The first oceanic basin – the antipode of Pangea-I: Pontic;

Paleopangea;

Panthalassa;

Antipodium.

70.Banded ores of deep-water origin, massively formed in the early Proterozoic:

glandulars;

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5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

bauxites;

ooliths;

jespilites.

71.Organisms that appeared at the beginning of the Late Proterozoic, whose cells had isolated nuclei and could partially switch to oxygen respiration:

stromatolites;

cyanophytes;

oncolitis;

eukaryotes.

72.About 90 % of the reserves are concentrated in the Precambrian:

Iron; hard coal;

writing chalk stone; peat.

73.The name “Riphean” comes from the ancient name of the mountain system (Rifeus):

Alps;

Cordilleras;

Ural;

Caucasus.

74.Planetary complex of multifacial sediments, enclosed between the Riphean formations and the oldest Paleozoic complexes:

S;

V;

PR;

P.

75.What is Vendian organics famous for:

landfall;

appearance of multicellular organisms with a mineral skeleton; limnetic representatives;

microscopy.

76. Sediments of ancient moraines: tillites;

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5. Tasks to control residual knowledge on the history of Earth development

evaporites;

olistostromes;

bauxites.

77. Planetary glaciation of the early Vendian: Huronian;

Lapland;

Greenlandic;

Geyness.

78. How is the term “Paleozoic” translated? initial life;

new life; first life; ancient life.

79. Tectonomagmatic epoch of the end of the early Paleozoic: Salair;

Caledonian;

Cimmerian;

Belomorian.

80. Tectonomagmatic epoch PZ2: Caledonian;

Baikalian;

Hercynian;

Alpine.

81.Stratotypes of the Cambrian system tiers are located in: England;

Northern Europe; America;

South of Russia.

82.In the Cambrian appeared and flourished:

ammonites;

trilobites;

conodonts;

brachiopods.

83. Which of the platforms was not part of Gondwana? African;

Antarctic;

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