Сбор, диагностика и обработка палеонтологических материалов при проведении учебных геологических практик. Учебное пособие на модульной основе

6. Test tasks

c)scavengers;

d)herbivores.

127.According to the habitat conditions, archaeocyathids belong to:

a) nekton;

b) attached benthos; c) plankton;

d) burrowing benthos.

128.Time of existence of archaeocyathids:

a) Є1 – now;

b) Є1 – the end of Є1;

c) Є1 – T; d) Є1 – P.

129. What, in the opinion of many researchers, is the reason for the rapid spread of archaeocyathids in the early Cambrian seas?

a) with increasing salinity; b) with decreasing salinity;

c) with increasing temperature; d) with a change in gas regime.

130. What is the reason for the disappearance of archaeocyathids at the end of the Early Cambrian?

a) with increasing salinity; b) with decreasing salinity;

c) with increasing magnesium content; d) with increasing temperature.

131. In the formation of which rocks did archaeocyathids participate:

a) limestones; b) gaize;

c) sandstones; d) clays.

132. For rocks of what age are archaeocyathids the leading fauna?

a) T; b) C;

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c)Є;

d)O.

6.6.4.Eumetazoa supersection. Superdivisio Eumetazoa

133.What is the difference between representatives of supersections of false and true multicellular?

a) tissues and organs are present; b) rock-forming role;

c) method of reproduction; d) living conditions.

134.What is the basis for dividing a subsection into sections: a) the size of the animals;

b) type of symmetry; c) living conditions;

d) presence of stinging cells.

6.6.5.Cnidaria type. Phylum Cnidaria

135.The type of cnidarians, or cnidaria, includes animals (hydras, jellyfish, corals), the distinguishing feature of which is the presence of:

a) stinging capsules; b) digestive system; c) circulatory system;

d) reproductive organs.

136.Stinging cells of cnidarians serve them for:

a)breeding;

b)defense and attack;

c)movement;

d)breathing.

137. What life system is absent in cnidarians?

a)digestive;

b)skeletal;

c)excretory;

d)circulatory.

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138.The most primitive class of cnidarians, in which the mouth opening opens into the digestive cavity:

a) Hydroids; b) Scyphozoa;

c) Hydroconozoa; d) Coral polyps.

6.6.6.Coral polyps class. Classis autozoa

139.Mineral composition of the skeleton of coral polyps:

a)siliceous;

b)phosphate;

c)calcareous;

d)celestine.

140.Time of existence of coral polyps (Class Authozoa): a) the Vendian – now;

b) the Cambrian – Devonian; c) the Paleogene – now;

d) the Triassic – now.

141.The basis for the division of the class Authozoa into 4 subclasses is:

a) existence time;

b) skeletal structure and features of the soft body; c) colony size;

d) habitat depth.

142.What subclasses of coral polyps are extinct?

a)Hexacoralla;

b)Octocoralla;

c)Tetracoralla;

d)Tabulatomorpha.

143. For what subclass of coral polyps is the name Rugosa also used?

a)Tetracoralla;

b)Hexacoralla;

c)Octocoralla;

d)Tabulatomorpha.

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144. The existence time of the subclass Tetracoralla:

a) O2 – P; b) T – J;

c) S2 – D; d) C1 – P.

145. The name of the subclass Hexacoralla corals is due to the fact that they have:

a) six-beam symmetry;

b) the number of tentacles is a multiple of six; c) six tentacles;

d) size of 6 cm.

146. The name of the subclass Octocoralla corals is due to the fact that they have:

a) the number of tentacles is a multiple of eight; b) eight-beam symmetry;

c) eight tentacles; d) size of 8 cm.

147. External diversity and variegated colors (red, black, blue, etc.) are characteristic of representatives of the subclass:

a) Hexacoralla; b) Octocoralla; c) Tetracoralla; d) Everyone.

148. Coral polyps according to habitat conditions are:

a)stenohaline;

b)eurythermic;

c)stenobathic;

d)euryhaline.

149. Quadriradiare corals are of great importance in determining age because they:

a)were large;

b)had a specific skeletal composition;

c)existed for a short geological time and had a wide distribution;

d)well preserved.

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6. Test tasks

150.Representatives of the subclass Hexacoralla sea anemones (anemones) differ in that they:

a) do not have a skeleton; b) have a siliceous skeleton; c) have a thickened skeleton; d) have a specific skeleton.

151.The growth rate of coral polyps is used in geology for: a) defining the boundaries of the sea basin;

b) relative age determinations;

c) determining the depths of the sea; d) determining the salinity of the basin.

152.In the Middle Ages, noble (red) coral cost more than pearls, because it was used:

a) for the treatment of plague; b) for witchcraft;

c) for the production of Gold; d) for food.

153.In 1827, the French physician Paysonnel proved for the first time that corals are:

a) not animals, but plants; b) not plants, but animals; c) not plants, but fungi; d) not animals or plants.

154.What forms of relief are formed due to the vital activity of corals:

a) reefs;

b) mid-ocean ridges; c) watersheds;

d) plateau.

155.The condition for the rapid growth of powerful coral reefs is:

a) sea level decrease; b) intense lighting; c) salinity reduction; d) food base.

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156.Reef-building six-beam corals are able to exist in the

temperature range: a) 40 °C – 50 °C; b) 10 °C – 15 °C; c) 19 °C – 25 °C; d) 5 °C – 10 °C.

157.Reef-building six-beam corals inhabit:

a)at all depths;

b)up to 90 m;

c)over 5000 m;

d)up to 5870 m.

158.Time of existence of six-beam corals: a) T – now;

b) C – now; c) D – now; d) D – P.

159.Time of existence of eight-beam corals: a) O – S;

b) K – now; c) T – J; d) P – T.

160.Representatives of the type of cnidaria (Cnidaria) are animals with the type of symmetry:

a) bilateral; b) radial;

c) five-beam; d) six-beam.

6.6.7.Bilaterally symmetrical section. Divisio Bilateria

Annelids type. Phylum Annelides. 161. Time of existence of annelids:

a)V – Q;

b)V – T;

c)S – Q;

d)P – N.

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6. Test tasks

162.Annelids habitat: a) ground;

b) water;

c) both land and water; d) air.

163.Annelids are the ancestors of: a) arthropods;

b) cnidarians; c) protozoa; d) mollusks.

164.The most ancient annelids were characterized by: a) absence of a skeleton;

b) siliceous skeleton; c) phosphate skeleton; d) calcareous skeleton.

165.The result of vital activity of annelids is expressed as: a) rock formation;

b) formation of landforms;

c) formation of topographic forms; d) formation of minerals.

166.The process of bioturbation, in which annelids play an important role, consists in:

a) symbiosis;

b) formation of topographic forms; c) formation of minerals;

d) sediment reworking.

6.6.8.Arthropod type. Phylum Arthropoda

167.Modern representatives of the type inhabit:

a)the aquatic environment;

b)land, water, air;

c)air environment;

d)land.

168. What causes molting for most arthropods: a) skeletal rigidity;

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b)the structure of the soft body;

c)method of feeding;

d)living conditions.

169.When dividing arthropods into subtypes, the main attention is paid to:

a) method of feeding;

b) the structure of the head department; c) the structure of the respiratory organs;

d) the structure of the organs of movement.

170.Time of existence of arthropods:

a)V – now;

b)V – P;

c)V – C;

d)T – now.

171.Geologically, among the arthropods, the most important classes are:

a) Crustaceans; b) Insects;

c) Trilobitomorphs; d) Merostomata.

172.The most common animals in the Cambrian seas were: a) Trilobites;

b) Annelids;

c) Coral polyps; d) Foraminifera.

173.Time of existence of trilobites:

a)The Cambrian – the Permian;

b)The Carboniferous – the Triassic;

c)The Cambrian – the Devonian;

d)The Cambrian – now.

174. The most significant role of trilobites in geology:

a)rock-forming;

b)relief-forming;

c)stratigraphic;

d)paleogeographic.

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175.The most important trilobites for the study of sediments

of age:

a) The Cambrian – the Ordovician; b) The Triassic – the Jurassic;

c) The Carboniferous-the Permian; d) The Permian – the Triassic.

176.Why do the descendants of trilobites – modern swordtails and higher crustaceans (lobsters) have blue (dark blue) blood?

a) it depends on the way they are fed;

b) the composition of the substance that binds oxygen in the blood is not iron, but copper;

c) it depends on their living conditions;

d) it depends on the gas composition of the water.

6.6.9.Mollusks type. Phylum Mollusca

177.The ancestors of mollusks were:

a)annelids;

b)coral polyps;

c)arthropods;

d)archaeocyathids.

178.What determines the importance of mollusks as the most important group of fossils, even though they are inferior in number to arthropods?

a) dimensions; b) prevalence;

c) skeletal composition; d) way of feeding.

179.The skeleton of mollusks (shell) is:

a)external;

b)internal;

c)missing;

d)always missing.

180. In the most primitive forms of mollusks (Loricata), the shell:

a) spiral;

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b)bivalve;

c)homogeneous;

d)consists of several plates.

181.Mollusks by habitat conditions are: a) exclusively aquatic;

b) exclusively terrestrial;

c) both aquatic and terrestrial;

d) both aquatic, terrestrial and air.

182.According to the way of feeding mollusks: a) only predators;

b) only scavengers; c) only filterers; d) varied.

183.The total number of fossil and modern species of mollusks is:

a) over 150,000; b) over 1,000,000;

c) no more than 10,000; d) about 50,000.

184.Which of the classes of mollusks is the most numerous? a) Loricata;

b) Gastropoda; c) Bivalvia;

d) Cethalopoda.

6.6.10.Gastropods class. Classis Gastropoda

185.What essentially distinguishes gastropods?

a)existence in both terrestrial and aquatic environments;

b)dimensions;

c)way of feeding;

d)rock-forming role.

186. The division of the class of gastropods into subclasses is based on:

a)shell composition;

b)shell shape;

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