Сбор, диагностика и обработка палеонтологических материалов при проведении учебных геологических практик. Учебное пособие на модульной основе

6. Test tasks

b)S;

c)K;

d)D.

66.How many periods are distinguished in the Paleozoic? a) 6;

b) 12; c) 5; d) 7.

67.The main epochs of coal formation are:

a)J;

b)T;

c)C;

d)P.

68. The first forests on the planet were formed in:

a)J;

b)T;

c)C;

d)P.

6.5. Classification and systematics. The system of the organic world

69.The creator of scientific taxonomy and systematics was: a) K. Linnaeus;

b) D. Ray; c) W. Smith;

d) C. Darwin.

70.Arrange the following taxons in the appropriate correct hierarchical sequence:

a) order – family – genus – species; b) type – kingdom – species – genus; c) section – kingdom – type – order; d) type – class – order – genus.

71.Try to do the same operation, but using Latin names:

a)Regnum – Subregnum – Phylum – Classis;

b)Phylum – Regnum – Classis – Subregnum;

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c)Classis – Regnum – Phylum – Subregnum;

d)Subregnum – Regnum – Classis – Phylum.

72. According to the binary nomenclature, each species receives a double name (K. Linnaeus), for example Homo Sapiennes:

a)generic and specific;

b)kingdom and division;

c)order and family;

d)type and class.

6.6.Animal kingdom. Regnum Zoa. Protozoa sub-kingdom

Subregnum Protozoa

73. When did animals appear?

a)at the turn of the Middle and Late Proterozoic;

b)at the turn of the Middle and Late Paleozoic;

c)at the turn of the Archean and Proterozoic;

d)at the turn of the Early and Middle Paleozoic. 74. The subkingdom of protozoa includes animals:

a)consisting of several cells;

b)consisting of 10 cells;

c)not having cells;

d)consisting of one cell.

75. The sizes of protozoa are:

a)50–150 µm;

b)10–20 cm;

c)10–50000 µm;

d)1–2 m.

76.Designation of the size of microorganisms in microns (µm) and correspondence in cm:

a)1 µm – 10–4 cm;

b)1 µm – 1 cm;

c)1 µm – 0.5 cm;

d)1 µm – 10–10 cm.

77.Why are the classes Foraminifera and Radiolarian the most important from the numerous protozoa in paleontological terms?

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a)they are the most numerous;

b)they have an external skeleton and are preserved as fossils;

c)they have the largest dimensions;

d)their fossil remains are developed within the territory of Russia.

6.6.1.Foraminifera class. Classis Foraminifera

78.Foraminifera and Radiolarians classes belong to the type of:

a) sponges;

b) archaeocyathids; c) sarcodic;

d) cnidarians.

79.The protozoa of the Foraminifera class are on average similar in size to:

a) rice grain; b) coin;

c) a grain of sand; d) a speck of dust.

80.According to the habitat conditions, foraminifera belong

to:

a) stenobionts; b) eurybionts; c) stenobathic; d) euryhaline.

81.The skeleton of foraminifera is called:

a)inner shell;

b)trapping net;

c)movement organoids;

d)outer shell.

82. Agglutinated foraminifera shell is:

a)consisting of various particles bonded with cement;

b)consisting of an organic base impregnated with carbonic

lime;

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c)consisting of a chitinous base impregnated with silica;

d)larger than 5 cm.

83.Most foraminifera shells have the following composition: a) phosphate;

b) siliceous; c) calcareous; d) chitinous.

84.The composition of the external skeleton of foraminifera depends on:

a) type of food;

b) evolutionary development; c) food composition;

d) living conditions.

85.In cold waters at great depths, the most numerous representatives of the Foraminifera class are those having:

a) agglutinated shell; b) siliceous shell;

c) lime shell;

d) chitinous shell.

86.In warm seas and at shallow depths, those foraminifera are predominantly developed, which have:

a) siliceous shell;

b) agglutinated shell; c) lime shell;

d) chitinous shell.

87.Among the planispiral shells of foraminifera, the following are called evolute:

a) if there is a sharp decrease of whorls;

b) if the whorls are only in contact and all are visible;

c) if the last whorl completely overlaps the penultimate one; d) if the shell is large.

88.Involute foraminiferal shells are:

a)if there is a sharp decrease of whorls;

b)if the last whorl completely overlaps the penultimate one;

c)if the whorls are only in contact and all are visible;

d)if the shell is large.

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89.According to the way of feeding, foraminifera are: a) predators;

b) scavengers; c) filterers; d) herbivores.

90.In modern foraminifera, the process of formation of a new chamber lasts:

a) several years; b) several days;

c) several minutes; d) several hours.

91.At the bottom of the seas and oceans, the shells of dead foraminifera accumulate in such quantities that 1 g of sand contains:

a) 50,000 shells; b) 10,000 shells; c) 100 shells;

d) 10 shells.

92.The largest foraminifera shells (up to 60 cm in diameter) belong to the order:

a) Lagenida;

b) Textulariida; c) Nummulitida; d) Niliolida.

93.Blocks of the Egyptian pyramids consist of:

a)crinoidal limestones;

b)nummulite limestones;

c)shell limestones;

d)gastropod limestones.

94. The largest rock-forming role among foraminifera belongs to the following orders:

a)Globigerinida;

b)Rotaliida;

c)Astrorhizida;

d)Nummulitida.

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95.Representatives of what orders form organogenic sludge: a) Rotaliida;

b) Globigerinida; c) Nummulitida; d) Astrorhizida.

96.The geological history of foraminifera is known:

a)from the Vendian to the Jurassic;

b)from the Vendian to the present;

c)from the Cambrian to our time;

d)from the Triassic to the Permian.

97.In the methodology for studying foraminifera, it is indicated that 1 cm3 of foraminiferal limestone contains:

a) up to 20,000 shells; b) up to 100 shells;

c) up to 10 shells; d) several shells.

98.What rocks consist of foraminifera:

a)gaize;

b)clay;

c)limestone;

d)chalk.

6.6.2.Radiolarian class. Classis Radiolaria

99.Dimensions of animals of the Radiolarian class: a) 40 µm – 1 mm;

b) 1 mm – 1 cm; c) 40 µm – 50 µm; d) More than 1 cm.

100.Skeleton of representatives of the Radiolarians class: a) mixed;

b) missing; c) internal; d) external.

101.The skeleton of radiolarians consists of:

a) amorphous silica;

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b)calcite;

c)chitin;

d)calcium phosphate.

102.Mesh, open-work with spines and spikes skeleton of radiolarians is used for:

a) attacks;

b) free floating in the water column; c) protection;

d) camouflage.

103.The basis for the division of the class of Radiolarians into orders is:

a) size;

b) skeletal composition; c) skeletal shape;

d) way of movement.

104.The time of existence of animals of the Radiolaria class: a) Є? – O – Q;

b) P – T; c) Є? – O; d) J – K.

105.Radiolarian symbionts – brownish-yellow algae (zooxanthellae) play the role of:

a) protection; b) parasitizing;

c) oxygen supply;

d) an additional source of nutrition.

106.What rocks form radiolarians?

a)tripolith;

b)clay;

c)limestone;

d)granite.

107. The difference between radiolarians and foraminifera is expressed in:

a)skeletal structure;

b)way of feeding;

c)habitat depth;

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d)skeletal composition.

108.The best indicators in the search for oil are: a) radiolarians;

b) foraminifera; c) gaizes;

d) zooxanthellae.

109.A form not found anywhere, a geometrically correct structure of the skeleton, its openwork is characteristic of:

a) foraminifera; b) zooxanthellae; c) radiolarians; d) all protozoa.

110.Some representatives are characterized by a specific skeleton consisting of strontium sulfate:

a) zooxanthellae; b) radiolarians; c) foraminifera; d) all protozoa.

111.When approaching the polar waters, the number of radiolarians in relation to the tropics and subtropics:

a) increases sharply; b) does not change; c) disappears;

d) drops sharply.

112.Radiolarians, unlike foraminifera, are exclusively organisms:

a) planktonic; b) benthic;

c) nektonic;

d) depending on conditions.

113.What determines the ability of radiolarians to move vertically in the water column?

a) structural features of the skeleton; b) activity of zooxanthellae;

c) sea currents;

d) water composition.

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6.6.3.Multicellular sub-kingdom. Subregnum Metazoa

114.The fundamental difference between multicellular and protozoa is that they:

a) consist of one cell;

b) consist of a large number of cells; c) have a skeleton;

d) are predators.

Sponges type. Phylum Spongia.

115.Characteristic features of sponges are:

a)absence of tissues and organs;

b)availability of water-irrigation system;

c)habitat depth;

d)rock-forming role.

116.According to the way of feeding sponges are: a) predators;

b) scavengers; c) filterers; d) herbivores.

117.Sponge spicules are:

a)mineral skeleton;

b)organs of movement;

c)body shape;

d)water-vascular system.

118.The composition of the skeleton of sponges: a) phosphate;

b) calcareous; c) siliceous; d) glandular.

119.Sponges with which skeleton are developed in shallow water conditions?

a) siliceous;

b) comeosiliceous; c) calcareous;

d) phosphate.

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120.In superoceanic conditions, there are sponges with a skeleton:

a) siliceous; b) calcareous; c) phosphate;

d) comeosiliceous.

121.Systematics of sponges is based on:

a)dimensions;

b)way of feeding;

c)habitat depth;

d)skeletal composition.

122.Time of existence of sponges: a) Riphean? Cambrian – now;

b) Riphean? Cambrian – Triassic; c) Cambrian – Ordovician;

d) Ordovician-Permian.

123.What determines the rock-forming role of sponges?

a)formation of siliceous rocks (spongolites, jaspers, tripolith);

b)formation of phosphate rock (phosphorite);

c)formation of nummulitic limestones;

d)formation of glauconite.

Archaeocyathids type. Phylum Archaeocyati.

124.What is the main distinguishing feature of archaeocyathids from sponges?

a) shape and size; b) habitat depth;

c) structure and composition of the skeleton; d) way of movement.

125.Mineral composition of the skeleton of archaeocyathids: a) organic;

b) calcareous; c) siliceous; d) phosphate.

126.According to the way of feeding archaeocyathids are: a) filterers;

b) predators;

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