Пособие по лингвокультурологическому анализу текста. Учебное пособие
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ПОСОБИЕ ПО ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМУ АНАЛИЗУ ТЕКСТА
ɏɪɢɫɬɚ. ɋɬɚɪɢɤ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɥ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɪɭɯɨɣ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɢ ɬɪɢ ɝɨɞɚ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɨɣɦɚɥ ɪɵɛɤɭ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ. ȼ ɫɤɚɡɤɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ 3: ɷɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɯɤɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɠɚɧɪɚ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ (ɬɪɢɠɞɵ ɡɚɤɢɧɭɥ ɧɟɜɨɞ). Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɦɢɮɚɯ. Ɍɪɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɵɬɢɹ: «Ⱦɭɯ»–«Ⱦɭɲɚ»–«Ɍɟɥɨ». ɀɢɡɧɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 3 ɷɬɚɩɚ: ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɫɦɟɪɬɶ. ȼ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɥɵ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɲɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɢ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɚɣ ɬɪɢɠɞɵ ɰɟɥɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɬɪɢɠɞɵ ɫɬɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɭ, ɬɪɢɠɞɵ ɤɥɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ, ɬɪɢɠɞɵ ɤɪɢɱɚɬɶ «ɭɪɚ».
ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦɚ «ɪɵɛɚ», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ, ɭɞɚɱɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ ɤ ɥɭɱɲɟɦɭ. ȿɟ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɦ ɩɨɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɩɪɟɞɤɭ – ɬɨɬɟɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɚɥ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ. ȼ ɢɭɞɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɪɵɛɚ – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ Ɇɢɫɫɢɢ, ɚ ɜ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɟ – ɏɪɢɫɬɚ. Ɂɨɥɨɬɚɹ ɪɵɛɤɚ – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ (ɪɵɛɤɚ), ɫɦɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ (ɫɬɚɪɢɤ), ɱɟɫɬɨɥɸɛɢɟɦ (ɫɬɚɪɭɯɚ). Ȼɟɫɤɨɪɵɫɬɢɟ ɫɬɚɪɢɤɚ («Ȼɨɝ ɫ ɬɨɛɨɸ, ɡɨɥɨɬɚɹ ɪɵɛɤɚ! Ɍɜɨɟɝɨ ɦɧɟ ɨɬɤɭɩɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ») ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ.
ȼ ɨɬɪɵɜɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ «ɦɨɪɟ» ɤɚɤ ɫɬɢɯɢɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɥɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ, ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ (ɪɵɛɤɢ). Ɇɨɪɟ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɜɧɭɲɚɥɨ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɫɬɪɚɯ, ɧɨ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɤɨɪɦɢɥɶɰɟɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
Ⱥɪɯɟɬɢɩɵ «ɫɬɚɪɢɤ», «ɫɬɚɪɭɯɚ» (ɞɟɞ ɢ ɛɚɛɚ) – ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɩɪɚɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ.
Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ: «ɪɵɛɤɚ ɜɡɦɨɥɢɥɚɫɶ», «ɝɨɥɨɫɨɦ ɦɨɥɜɢɬ», «ɝɭɥɹɣ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟ» – ɷɬɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ-ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ.
Ɋɟɚɥɢɹ «ɡɟɦɥɹɧɤɚ» ɧɟɫɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɦɵ: ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɞɨɦɢɤ, ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɧɵɣ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ. Ɂɟɦɥɹɧɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɠɢɥɢɳɟ ɫɥɚɜɹɧ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɹ «ɨɬɤɭɩ» – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ. ȼ ɪɟɚɥɢɢ «ɧɟɜɨɞ» ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɦɵ: ɨɪɭɞɢɟ ɥɨɜɚ ɪɵɛɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɡ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɬɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɬɪɵɜɨɤ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɛɵɬɟ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧ.
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Д. В. Ворошкевич, Д. П. Казанникова
ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ȿɫɟɧɢɧ
ə ɩɨɤɢɧɭɥ ɪɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɨɦ, Ƚɨɥɭɛɭɸ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ Ɋɭɫɶ.
ȼ ɬɪɢ ɡɜɟɡɞɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɧɹɤ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɭɞɨɦ Ɍɟɩɥɢɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɝɪɭɫɬɶ.
Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɸ ɥɹɝɭɲɤɨɣ ɥɭɧɚ Ɋɚɫɩɥɚɫɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɢɯɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ. ɋɥɨɜɧɨ ɹɛɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ, ɫɟɞɢɧɚ ɍ ɨɬɰɚ ɩɪɨɥɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɛɨɪɨɞɟ.
ə ɧɟ ɫɤɨɪɨ, ɧɟ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɜɟɪɧɭɫɶ! Ⱦɨɥɝɨ ɩɟɬɶ ɢ ɡɜɟɧɟɬɶ ɩɭɪɝɟ. ɋɬɟɪɟɠɟɬ ɝɨɥɭɛɭɸ Ɋɭɫɶ ɋɬɚɪɵɣ ɤɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɨɝɟ.
ɂ ɹ ɡɧɚɸ, ɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ Ɍɟɦ, ɤɬɨ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɰɟɥɭɟɬ ɞɨɠɞɶ, Ɉɬɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɫɬɚɪɵɣ ɤɥɟɧ
Ƚɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɨɯɨɠ. 1918
Ⱦɥɹ ɋɟɪɝɟɹ ȿɫɟɧɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɧ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɥɸɛɢɬ, ɪɚɞɢ ɧɟɝɨ ɨɧ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ. ɋɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ «ə ɩɨɤɢɧɭɥ ɪɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɨɦ» ɩɪɨɧɢɡɚɧɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɷɬɚ, ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ: ɬɨɫɤɚ, ɝɪɭɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ Ɋɨɞɢɧɨɣ.
ɋɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɋɟɪɝɟɹ ȿɫɟɧɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɡɚɧɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɪɯɟɬɢɩ «ɞɨɦɚ». Ⱦɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ⱦɨɦ – ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɞɨɦɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɛɵɥ Ɋɚɣ, ɝɞɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɵɦ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɨɦ – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜ.
ȼ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɋɟɪɝɟɹ ȿɫɟɧɢɧɚ ɞɨɦɭ (Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ) ɭɝɪɨɠɚɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɥɹ Ɋɭɫɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ. ɉɨɷɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ «ɩɭɪɝɢ», ɧɟɫɭɳɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɦɵ: ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ, ɧɢɡɨɜɚɹ ɦɟɬɟɥɶ, ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɛɟɡɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɜɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ɉɨɷɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɭ-ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ «ɞɨɥɝɨ ɩɟɬɶ ɢ ɡɜɟɧɟɬɶ ɩɭɪɝɟ», ɬ.ɟ. ɩɭɪɝɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɠɢɜɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɨɨɛɪɚɡ ɯɨɥɨɞɚ, ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ.
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ПОСОБИЕ ПО ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМУ АНАЛИЗУ ТЕКСТА
ɋɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɦɚ. ɉɭɪɝɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɤɥɟɧɚ. ɉɨ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɫɥɚɜɹɧ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɢ ɤɥɟɧɨɦ, ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɦɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɶ. ɉɨɤɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɠɢɜ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ, ɤɥɟɧ ɠɢɜɟɬ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɭɦɢɪɚɟɬ, ɤɥɟɧ ɡɚɫɵɯɚɟɬ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɭɲɢ ɭɦɟɪɲɢɯ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɞɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɹɱɭɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɬɜɹɯ ɤɥɟɧɚ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɬ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɛɪɨɫɚɬɶ ɤɥɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɬɜɢ ɜ ɨɝɨɧɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɥɟɧ – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɨɛɟɪɟɝɚ, ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɹ, ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɚ. ɉɨɷɬ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɫ ɤɥɟɧɨɦ «Ɉɬɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɫɬɚɪɵɣ ɤɥɟɧ Ƚɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɨɯɨɠ». ȿɫɟɧɢɧ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɜɫɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ Ɋɭɫɢ.
ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ-ɫɢɦɜɨɥ – ɛɟɪɟɡɚ. ɍ ɫɥɚɜɹɧ – ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɫ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɨɣ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɂɭɞɚ, ɩɪɟɞɚɜ ɏɪɢɫɬɚ, ɯɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɜɟɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɟ, ɨɧɚ ɢɫɩɭɝɚɥɚɫɶ, ɩɨɛɟɥɟɥɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɚɬɟɥɹ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɛɟɪɟɡɚ – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ, ɛɥɚɝɨɫɥɨɜɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥɪɯɟɬɢɩ «ɛɟɪɟɡɚ» – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ Ɋɭɫɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ ɥɭɧɵ. Ʌɭɧɚ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɚ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɬɨɫɤɢ, ɭɧɵɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɥɭɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɩɢɬɟɬ ɡɨɥɨɬɨɣ (ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ). ɗɬɨ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɦɨɣ, ɧɚ ɥɭɱɲɟɟ.
ȼ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɟ «ȼ ɬɪɢ ɡɜɟɡɞɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɧɹɤ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɭɞɨɦ» ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɪɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɢɪɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ (ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɫɦɟɪɬɶ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɡɜɟɡɞɵ. ȼ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɡɜɟɡɞɚ – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚɞɟɠɞɵ. ȼɨɥɯɜɵ ɭɡɧɚɥɢ ɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɏɪɢɫɬɚ, ɭɜɢɞɟɜ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɡɜɟɡɞɭ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɟ.
ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ɍɚɤ, Ɋɭɫɶ ɭ ȿɫɟɧɢɧɚ «ɝɨɥɭɛɚɹ». ȼɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ «ɹɛɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ». ɋɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɚ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ – ɫɢɧɟɜɵ ɛɟɡɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɛɚ, ɛɟɥɵɣ – ɰɜɟɬ ɫɜɟɬɚ. ȼ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɛɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɢɬɚɥɢɳɟɦ ɛɨɝɨɜ, ɞɭɯɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɤɨɜ, ɚɧɝɟɥɨɜ; ɨɬɫɸɞɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ – ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ɋɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ – ɬɚɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɢɫɬɢɰɢɡɦ, ɫɜɹɬɨɫɬɶ, ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɚ (ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ), ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ (ɜ ɜɟɪɟ, ɩɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɥɸɛɜɢ), ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ (ɝɨɥɭɛɚɹ ɤɪɨɜɶ), ɩɪɚɜɨɫɭɞɢɟ (ɛɨɠɶɟ ɞɟɥɨ).
Ƚɨɥɭɛɨɣ ɰɜɟɬ – ɷɬɨ ɰɜɟɬ ɏɪɢɫɬɚ, ɢɫɬɢɧɵ, ɧɟɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɢɪɨɥɸɛɢɹ, ɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ, ɛɟɥɵɣ – ɷɬɨ ɰɜɟɬ ɢɫɬɢɧɵ, ɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɰɟɥɨɦɭɞɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɭɞɢɹ, ɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɋɟɪɝɟɹ ȿɫɟɧɢɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ ɝɪɭɫɬɢ, ɭɧɵɧɢɹ, ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɡɚ Ɋɨɞɢɧɭ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɭ ɧɚ ɥɭɱɲɟɟ, ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
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Д. В. Ворошкевич, Д. П. Казанникова
ɉɊȺɄɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɁȺȾȺɇɂə
ʋ1
ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ
1.Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɦɢɪ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ, ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ?
ɚ) ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ ɛ) ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦ ɜ) ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
2.ɑɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɧɟɣ? ɚ) ɹɡɵɤ ɛ) ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ) ɬɟɤɫɬ
3.Ɉ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɟ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɞɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɹ: «ɉɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɞ, ɢɥɢ ɫ ɜɢɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɨɞ, ɢɥɢ ɫ ɜɢɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɞ, ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ»?
ɚ) ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ ɛ) ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦ ɜ) ɫɢɦɜɨɥ
4.ȼ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ?
ɚ) ɨɧɚ ɫɛɥɢɠɚɟɬ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɛ) ɨɧɚ ɫɨɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɦɢɪ ɫ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ) ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ
5.Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ: «ɡɧɚɤ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ»?
ɚ) ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɛ) ɚɪɯɟɬɢɩ ɜ) ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ
6.Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɠɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɳ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɭ? ɚ) ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɛ) ɚɪɯɟɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜ) ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɝ) ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɞ) ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ
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ПОСОБИЕ ПО ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМУ АНАЛИЗУ ТЕКСТА
7.ɐɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɚ) ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɛ) ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦɚɦɢ ɜ) ɚɪɯɟɬɢɩɚɦɢ
8.ɗɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɵ – ɷɬɨ ɚ) ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬɚɯ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɪɨɞ
ɛ) ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ) ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
9.ɋɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ – ɷɬɨ ɚ) ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ
ɛ) ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɟ, ɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɦɟɠɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
10.ɑɬɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɠɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ?
ɚ) ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɛ) ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ) ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ
ɝ) ɨɛɵɱɚɢ ɢ ɪɢɬɭɚɥɵ
11.ɑɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɯɥɟɛ ɜ ɦɨɥɢɬɜɟ: «ɏɥɟɛ ɧɚɲ ɧɚɫɭɳɧɵɣ ɞɚɠɞɶ ɧɚɦ ɞɧɟɫɶ»?
ɚ) ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦɨɣ ɛ) ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɨɣ ɜ) ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ
12.Ȼɟɡɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ – ɷɬɨ
ɚ) ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɛ) ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ, ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ
13. ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ, ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ – ɷɬɨ ɚ) ɚɪɯɟɬɢɩ ɛ) ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ ɜ) ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ
25
Д. В. Ворошкевич, Д. П. Казанникова
ʋ2
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵ ɢ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɢ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ
1.“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
«Ʉɬɨ ɪɚɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɟɬ, ɬɨɦɭ Ȼɨɝ ɩɨɞɚɟɬ»
2.“Dog eat dog”
«ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɜɨɥɤ»
3.“be a big fish in a little pond” «ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɚɪɟɧɶ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ»
4.“between the devil and the deep blue sea” «ɏɪɟɧ ɪɟɞɶɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɚɳɟ»
5.“Beat about the bush” «ɏɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɞɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ»
6.“Great oaks grow from little acorns” «Ɇɚɥ ɡɨɥɨɬɧɢɤ ɞɚ ɞɨɪɨɝ»
7.“As the tree so the fruit”
«əɛɥɨɤɨ ɨɬ ɹɛɥɨɧɢ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ»
8.“A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush” «Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɫɢɧɢɰɚ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ, ɱɟɦ ɠɭɪɚɜɥɶ ɜ ɧɟɛɟ»
9.“Monkey business” «ȼɚɥɹɬɶ ɞɭɪɚɤɚ»
10.“A Pottle of Brains”
«ɂɜɚɧ-ɞɭɪɚɤ»
11.“in one heart of hearts” «ȼ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɞɭɲɢ»
12.“to put one’s heart into”
«ȼɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɭɲɭ»
13.“His heart sank into his boots” «Ⱦɭɲɚ ɜ ɩɹɬɤɢ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ»
14.“to think the world of somebody”
«Ⱦɭɲɢ ɜ ɤɨɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟ ɱɚɹɬɶ»
15.“to keep body and soul together” «ɋɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɚɦɢ»
16.“Two heads are better than one”
«ɍɦ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ, ɚ ɞɜɚ ɥɭɱɲɟ»
17.“Every family has a black sheep” «ȼ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɧɟ ɛɟɡ ɭɪɨɞɚ»
18.“One good turn deserves another”
«Ʉɚɤ ɚɭɤɧɟɬɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɧɟɬɫɹ»
19. “Cast no dirt in the well that gives you water”
«ɇɟ ɩɥɸɣ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɞɟɰ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɩɢɬɶɫɹ»
20. “Chickens will always come home to roost” «ɑɬɨ ɩɨɫɟɟɲɶ, ɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɠɧɟɲɶ»
26
ПОСОБИЕ ПО ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМУ АНАЛИЗУ ТЕКСТА
ʋ3
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵ ɫ ɡɨɨɧɢɦɚɦɢ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
1.“As busy as a bee” «Ɍɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɱɟɥɚ»
2.“to look like the cat that swallowed the canary” «Ʉɚɤ ɤɨɬ, ɨɛɴɟɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɫɦɟɬɚɧɵ»
3.“to buy a pig in the poke” «Ʉɭɩɢɬɶ ɤɨɬɚ ɜ ɦɟɲɤɟ»
4.“Dog does not eat dog”
«ȼɨɪɨɧ ɜɨɪɨɧɭ ɝɥɚɡ ɧɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɟɬ»
5.“As cunning as a fox” «ɏɢɬɪɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɫɚ»
6.“To have the wolf in the stomach” «Ȼɵɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɥɤ»
7.“To shoe the goose” «ɋɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɜɨɪɨɧ»
8.“Pigs might fly”
«Ȼɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɤɨɪɨɜɵ ɥɟɬɚɸɬ»
9.“As stubborn as a mule” «ɍɩɪɹɦɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɟɥ»
10.“Lion’s share”
«Ʌɶɜɢɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ»
11.“When the fox preaches, take care of your geese” «Ʌɢɫɚ ɢ ɜɨ ɫɧɟ ɤɭɪ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ»
12.“A willing horse”
«Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɥɨɲɚɞɤɚ»
13.“to eat like a horse” «ȿɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɥɨɲɚɞɶ»
14.“A dirty dog”
«ɉɨɞɥɟɰ, “ɫɜɢɧɶɹ”»
27
ɉɊȺɄɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɁȺȾȺɇɂə ɉɈ ɅɂɇȽȼɈɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɆɍ ȺɇȺɅɂɁɍ ɌȿɄɋɌȺ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɢɠɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋ1
The Great Spirit is in all things; he is in the air we breathe. The great Spirit is our Father, but the earth is our Mother. She nourishes us; that which we put into the ground she returns to us.
The life of an Indian is like the wings of the air. That is why you notice the hawk knows how to get his prey. The Indian is like that. The hawk swoops down on his prey; so does the Indian. In his lament he is like an animal. For instance, the coyote is sly; so is the Indian. The eagle is the same. That is why the Indian is always feathered up; he is a relative to the wings of the air.
You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. The sky is round. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nests in circles. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where the Power moves.
(Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɜɡɹɬ ɢɡ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ. Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜɨɣ «ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ»)
1)ɑɬɨ ɜɵ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ ɨ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɧɞɟɣɰɟɜ? Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡ the Great Spirit?
2)ɑɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ “the wings of the air”? Ʉɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ? Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɯ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ?
3)Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɨɧɢɦɨɜ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ?
4)Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ the Power of the World.
5)ɋ ɱɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɫɥɨɜɚ “circle”? ɑɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨ
“circle” ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ?
6)Ⱦɨɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
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ПОСОБИЕ ПО ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМУ АНАЛИЗУ ТЕКСТА
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋ2
“Dreaming.” She took up two of the photographs. “Look here upon this picture, and on this.”
One was of Michael as Mercutio in all the radiant beauty of his youth and the other of Michael in the last part he had played, in a white topper and a morning coat, with a pair of field-glasses slung over his shoulder. He looked unbelievably self-satisfied.
Evie sniffed.
“Oh, well, it's no good crying over spilt milk.”
“I've been thinking of the past and I'm as blue as the devil.”
“I don't wonder. When you start thinking of the past it means you ain't got no future, don't it?”
“You shut your trap, you old cow,” said Julia, who could be very vulgar when she chose.
“Come on now, or you'll be fit for nothing tonight. I'll clear up all this mess.”
Evie was Julia's dresser and maid. She had come to her first at Middlepool and had accompanied her to London. She was a cockney, a thin, raddled, angular woman, with red hair which was always untidy and looked as if it much needed washing, two of her front teeth were missing but, notwithstanding Julia's offer, repeated for years, to provide her with new ones she would not have them replaced.
(Ɉɬɪɵɜɨɤ ɢɡ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɋ. Ɇɨɷɦɚ «Ɍɟɚɬɪ»)
1) ȼɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ “blue”? Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦ “as blue as the devil”. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɦ “ɛɵɬɶ ɦɪɚɱɧɟɟ ɬɭɱɢ”. ɉɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɯ.
2) ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɨɧɢɦɚ «ɤɨɪɨɜɚ» ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɡɨɨɧɢɦ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ?
3) ɑɬɨ ɜɵ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ ɨ ɤɨɤɧɢ? Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɨɤɧɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ?
29
Д. В. Ворошкевич, Д. П. Казанникова
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋ3
ɋɬɚɪɢɤ ɯɜɨɪɚɟɬ. Ɍɤɟɬ ɯɨɥɫɬɵ ɫɬɚɪɭɯɚ, Ɋɭɦɹɧɚ ɞɨɱɤɚ, ɩɨɥɨɧ ɫɭɧɞɭɱɨɤ, Ⱥ ɧɚ ɩɟɱɢ, ɞɟɪɠɚ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ ɤɪɚɸɯɭ, ɂɜɚɧɭɲɤɚ – ɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɟ – ɞɭɪɚɱɨɤ.
ȼ ɬɨɧɚɯ ɞɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɤɚɯ, Ɋɭɫɨɜɨɥɨɫɵ, ɦɵɫɥɹɦɢ ɥɟɝɤɢ, ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɱɚɯ, ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ, ɂɜɚɧɭɲɤɢ – ɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɟ – ɞɭɪɚɱɤɢ.
ɇɚ ɬɟɩɥɵɯ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚɯ, ɨɛɴɹɬɵ ɥɟɧɶɸ, ɋɱɢɬɚɹ ɦɭɯ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɧɢ. Ɂɚɬɨ ɩɨɬɨɦ, ɩɨ ɳɭɱɶɟɦɭ ɜɟɥɟɧɶɸ ȼɫɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɨɧɢ.
Ⱦɪɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɯ ɬɨɬɱɚɫ ɩɨɛɟɠɞɚɸɬ, ɂɦ ɨɝɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɪɭɛɹ, ɇɟɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɬɟɦɧɢɰ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɸɬ, Ȼɟɪɭɬ ɰɚɪɟɜɟɧ ɡɚɦɭɠ ɡɚ ɫɟɛɹ.
Ɂɚɛɵɜ ɨ ɩɟɱɤɚɯ, ɦɚɦɤɚɯ ɢ ɫɚɥɚɡɤɚɯ, ɇɚ ɫɢɜɤɚɯ-ɛɭɪɤɚɯ ɦɱɚɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɧɰɵ, Ʉɚɤ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ: ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ ɂɜɚɧɭɲɤɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ – ɦɨɥɨɞɰɵ.
Ⱥɧ, ɧɟɬ, ɢ ɜɩɪɹɦɶ: ɢ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɫɩɚɥɢ, ɂ ɨɬɞɚɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɨɪ ɤɪɚɫɭ ɡɟɦɥɢ… ɐɚɪɟɜɟɧ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ ɞɨɛɥɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɩɚɫɚɥɢ, Ⱥ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɰɚɪɟɜɟɧ ɧɟ ɫɩɚɫɥɢ.
(ȼ. ɋɨɥɨɭɯɢɧ «ɂɜɚɧɭɲɤɢ»)
1)Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɂɜɚɧɭɲɤɢ-ɞɭɪɚɱɤɚ? ɋɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɥɢ ɨɧ ɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɂɜɚɧɭɲɤɢ-ɞɭɪɚɱɤɚ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ? ɑɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦ «ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɭɪɚɤɚɯ»? Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɂɜɚɧɭɲɤɢ-ɞɭɪɚɱɤɚ?
2)ɑɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ «ɫɬɚɪɢɤ» ɢ «ɫɬɚɪɭɯɚ» ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ?
3)ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɢ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ, ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɦɵ.
4)ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɳɭɤɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ?
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