Английский язык. Методические указания к выполнению контрольных работ для студентов заочной формы обучения с применением дистанционных технологий напр

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root – корень

to trace – прослеживать attempt - попытка notably – особенно concept – концепция

gurus – духовные наставники; учителя to extend – расширять; простираться acknowledgement – подтверждение prominently – заметно

brainstorming – внезапная идея, плодотворная мысль(амер.); душевное потрясение

chart – диаграмма

motivation – побуждение, мотивация histograms – исторические диаграммы commitment – обязательство

ability – способность conversely – наоборот inspire-вдохновение

TEXT 9A

QUALITY MANAGEMENT HISTORY, GURUS, TQM THEO-

RIES, PROCESS IMPROVEMENT

The history of quality management, from mere 'inspection' to Total Quality Management, and its modern 'branded interpretations such as 'Six Sigma', has led to the development ofessential processes, ideas, theories and tools that are central to organizational development, change management, and the performance improvements that are generally desired for individuals, teams and organizations.

These free resources, materials and tools are an excellent guide to the quality management area, for practical application in organizations, for study and learning, and for teaching and training others.

History of quality management.

The roots of Total Quality Management can be traced to early 1920's production quality control ideas, and notably the concepts developed in Japan beginning in the late 1940's and 1950's, pioneered there by Americans Feigenbum, Juran and Deming.

Quality management gurus and theories.

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Quality Management resulted mainly from the work of the quality gurus and their theories: the American gurus featured in the 1950's Japan: Joseph Juran, W Edwards Deming, and Armand Feigenbum; the Japanese quality gurus who developed and extended the early American quality ideas and models: Kaoru Ishikawa, Genichi Taguchi, and Shigeo Shingo; and the 1970-80's American Western gurus, notably Philip Crosby and Tom Peters, who further extended the Quality Management concepts after the Japanese successes.

Total Quality Management.

Total Quality Management features centrally the customersupplier interfaces, (external and internal customers and suppliers). A number of processes sit at each interface. Central also is an organizational commitment to quality, and the importance of communicating this quality commitment, together with the acknowledgement that the right organizational culture is essential for effective Total Quality Management.

Processes - understanding processes and methods for process improvement. Understanding processes is essential before attempt is made to improve them. This is a central aspect to Total Quality Management, and also to more modern quality and process improvement interpretations and models such as Six Sigma.

Quality process improvement tools and techniques.

A wide range of tools and techniques is used for identifying, measuring, prioritizing and improving processes which are critical to quality. Again these ideas and methods feature prominently in modern interpretations of Total Quality Management methodology, such as Six Sigma. These process improvement tools and techniques include: DRIVE (Define, Review, Identify, Verify, Execute), process mapping, flow-charting, force field analysis, cause and effect, brainstorming, Pareto analysis, Statistical Process Control (SPC), Control charts, bar charts, 'dot plot' and tally charts, check-sheets,scatter diagrams, matrix analysis, histogram.

Developing people and teams.

People are a fundamental component within any successfully developing organization. Take away the people and the organization is nothing. Take away the people's motivation, commitment and ability to work together in well-organized teams, and again, the organization is nothing. Conversely, inspire the people to work well, creatively, productively, and the organization can fly. Logically therefore, the development and proper utilization of people are vital to the success of all

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ISO SAFETY STANDARD WILL ENCOURAGE MARKET FOR ROAD VEHICLES POWERED BY NATURAL GAS

An ISO standard is expected to increase the market for road vehicles powered by natural gas by making the on-board storage of this alternative fuel even safer. ISO 19078:2006, Gas cylinders – Inspection of the cylinder installation, and requalification of high pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles, is both important and timely.

It is important because maintaining gas cylinders in good working order is vital to the future of cleaner fuels and because it provides guidance for regulatory authorities, vehicle manufacturers and end users. It is timely because there more than 5.5 million vehicles worldwide fueled by natural gas and with increasing public concern over health issues related to pollution, along with rising oil prices, that number is expected increase over the coming years.

Since natural gas is stored on board vehicles in high pressure cylinders, safety aspects are of prime importance. ISO 19078:2006 provides information and procedures for the periodic visual examination and inspection of natural gas fuel cylinders and the condition of the installation. Specifying inspection requirements, it defines damage criteria, as well issues related to manufacturing, maintenance, disposal of damaged cylinders, inspection equipment and the qualification of inspectors.

The new standard contains guidance for the inspection of the cylinders in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and to meet the requirements of ISO 11439:2000, Gas cylinders – High pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles, and provides criteria for acceptance or rejection in the absence of guidance from the manufacturer, with subsequent disposal as necessary.

EXERCISES:

1. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и запишите их:

1.What is ISO 19078:2006 standard?

2.What does ISO 19078:2006 provide?

3.What does ISO 19078:2006 contain?

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2.Письменно выразите главную идею текста:

The paper is devoted to (is concerned with) ….

The paper deals with ….

The purpose of the paper is to show ….

Special attention is paid (given) to ….

Some factors are taken into consideration (account) ….

3. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие слова и переведите их:

requirement, constituent, scientific, distance, agronomist, ancient, density, differ, hardness, structural, various, magnificent, presence, property, culture, conductor, presentation, probably.

4. Напишите глаголы, соответствующие следующим словам:

surprisingly, difference, equipment, mixture, coming, weightlessness, production, separately, development,

movement, disappearance, functional.

5.Образуйте прилагательные от следующих существительных:

magnet, industry, absence, speciality, weight, probability, orbit, dynamics, preparation, supertransparency, independence, gravitation, superpurity, difficulty, variety.

III. CONTROL TASK

Прочтите текст C, переведите его, изложите краткое содержание текста на английском языке в письменной форме.

EXT 9C

WELDING QUALITY ASSUARANCE (ISO 3834)

Welding is a so-called “special” process, which mea ns that you cannot make a complete verification of the welded joint without destroying it. To examine the mechanical properties, you have to take

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samples from the welded product. Therefore you have to build quality in from the beginning.

To ensure the proper quality of your welded product and to optimize your manufacturing cost, the whole welding process must be controlled from the very start. To take all welding quality affecting aspects into consideration, the welding shop is recommended to implement a quality assurance system. The standard ISO 3834 sets out requirements for manufacturers to meet, in order to apply good practice to their welding operations.

There are several steps in a Welding Quality Assurance; to make sure the welding shop has competent welders, there are standardized ways to test the welders. If required you also use written welding instructions and/or so called Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) in order to increase the possibility of consistant quality. The WPS must be qualified, i.e. the WPS has to be based on a WPQR, Welding Procedure Qualification Record. The WPQR explains that, if you follow the WPS, you will have a good chance to weld a joint with the expected properties.

The person responsible for welding, or the welding coordinator, in the welding shop, is responsible for the welders’ competence and the education and the management of the welders. The coordinators´ competence requirements, the tasks and responsibilities, are regulated in the standard ISO 14731.

To make sure your welding process is of good quality you need to implement a Welding Quality Assurance System. Inspecta is an accredited certification body for the certification of welders, qualification of welding procedures and certification of welding shops/welding companies for ISO 3834.

IV. TEST

Выберите правильный вариант ответа:

1. The ________ of quality management has led to the development of essential processes, ideas, theories and tools that are central to organizational development, change management, and the performance improvements that are generally desired for individuals, teams and organizations.

a)culture

b)history

c)knowledge

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2.These free resources, materials and tools are an excellent guide to the

________ management area, for practical application in organizations, for study and learning, and for teaching and training others.

a)quality

b)quantity

c)cost

3.Management features centrally the customer-supplier ________.

a)interfaces

b)fakes

c)looks

4.Central ________ is an organizational commitment to quality.

a)not yet

b)already

c)also

5.The right ________ culture is essential for ef-

fective Total Quality Management.

a)public

b)organizational

c)scientific

6.Understanding processes is essential ________ attempt is made to improve them.

a)after

b)between

c)before

7.A ________ range of tools and techniques is used for identifying, measuring, prioritizing and improving processes which are critical to quality.

a)wide

b)narrow

c)middle-sized

8.________ are a fundamental component within any successfully developing organization. Take away the people and the organization is nothing.

a)pupils

b)People

c)children

9.Take away the people's motivation, commitment and ability to work together in well-organized teams, and again, the organization is

________.

a)everything

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b)something

c)nothing

10.Take away the________ motivation, commitment and ability to work in well-organized teams, and again, the organization is nothing.

a)people’s

b)director’s

c)teacher’s

Unit 10

I. INFORMATION FOR STUDY

Прочтите следующую информацию и запишите на полях основные термины, связанные с тематикой текста

II. VOCABULARY:

to define – определять

set – направление; комплект output – выпуск

intangible – неосязаемый indictors – индикатор assessment – оценка framework – структура

benchmarking – эталонное тестирование blueprint – проект

implementation – выполнение teamwork – взаимодействие ongoing - продолжающийся equipment -оборудование complex - сложный workplaces – рабочее место chain - цепочка

benchmarking – сравнительный анализ define – определять, устанавливать значение

рerformance - исполнение questionnaire – вопросник, анкета assess - оценивать

implement – выполнять, принадлежность framework - каркас

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TEXT 10A

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

A 'Total Quality Organization' generally benefits from having an effective Quality Management System (QMS). A Quality Management System is typically defined as: "A set of coordinated activities to direct and control an organization in order to continually improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its performance." Customer expectations inevitably drive and define 'performance' criteriaand standards. Therefore Quality Management Systems focus on customer expectations and ongoing review and improvement.

Performance measurement and management.

There are many ways to measure organizational performance other than financial output or profit. Modern measurement focuses on the essential activities, resources and other factors - many less intangible than traditional indictors - that impact on final outputs. These include modern methods such as 'Balanced Scorecard.

Excellence and the European Quality Management Model.

The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model is a useful framework for developing quality and excellence within an organization. Any organization can assess itself provided the commitment to, and a framework for the self-assessment.

TQM benchmarking and questionnaire (readiness for benchmarking).

Benchmarking is a widely used term within the field of organizational measurement and management.

TQM implementation framework and blueprint.

Here is a framework and 'blueprint' for the implementation of a quality improvement or 'excellence' initiative. Itincludes the following elements:

-TQM Processes.

-Tools and techniques.

-People and teamwork.

-Quality management system.

-Performance measurement.

-EFQM Excellence Model.

-Self-assessment.

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This blueprint for achieving organizational excellence is based on many years of research, education and advisory work in the European Centre for Business Excellence (ECforBE).

EXERCISES:

1.Письменно переведите текст на русский язык, используя словарь.

2.Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и запишите их:

1.What is a Quality Management System?

2.What does modern measurement focuses on?

3.What organization can assess itself?

4.What is a benchmarking?

5.What is the blueprint based on?

3.Соедините слова из двух колонок по смыслу (см. текст). Переведите их:

4. Дополните следующие предложения используя информацию из текста:

1.A Quality Management System is…

2.Quality Management Systems focus on…

3.There are many ways to…

4.Modern measurement focuses on…

5.Any organization can…

6.Benchmarking is a…

7.The blueprint is based on…

8.