- •Unit 1. Making contacts reading
- •I. Before reading the text learn the following the words.
- •Telephoning across cultures
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •Discussion
- •I. Meeting people
- •I. Here are the words and phrases which are commonly used when we meet
- •Greetings
- •Farewells
- •Thanks and possible answers
- •First words
- •Ending the small talk
- •II. Now make the telephone call yourself, using the words above. Try not to use the notes.
- •III. It is not always possible to follow your original plans. You, or your contact, may want to change an appointment. Study the expressions below.
- •III. The telephone
- •I. This datafile gives you many of the terms and phrases commonly used in making telephone calls.
- •II. After studying the text and the datafile above, decide if the information below is true or false.
- •III. Insert the missing word.
- •IV. Choose the best answer for the phrase:
- •IV. Using the words and expressions you have studied try to explain the system of telephone dialing in our country.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •I. You are in London and you want to buy a ticket for Glasgow. Complete the dialogue.
- •II. On the plane.
- •III. At the airport.
- •I. Learn the words you may need for your flight.
- •II. Read the following dialogue. Work in pairs.
- •III. Complete the dialogue using the words you have studied.
- •IV. Use have to and some of the terms from exercise I to complete the following sentences.
- •V. Here are the phrases and questions which you may be asked when you have to pass through the Customs.
- •VI. Complete the dialogue. Work in pairs.
- •VII. Now, it’s your turn to go through the Customs. Make the dialogue. Unit 3. Meetings. Negotiations. Deals. Reading
- •I. Before reading the text find the meaning of the words below in the dictionary. Learn them by heart.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •IV. Read and translate the dialogue “Structure and functions of a bank”
- •Discussion meetings. Negotiations. Deals
- •III. Negotiations
- •I. Dr. Smith is holding a two-day seminar on negotiating techniques. At the end of the first morning he gives the group his ten rules for negotiating. Here they are.
- •II. Read Dr. Smith’s rules and then look at the remarks in list a. These remarks are not good for negotiating. Instead, use phrase from list b.
- •V. Complete the questionnaire to find out if you are a good negotiator?
- •IV. Deals
- •I. The words below show some of the most common uses of the word deal.
- •II. Complete these sentences using each of the phrases above in the appropriate form.
- •Unit 4. Company structure reading
- •I. Before reading the text find the meaning of the words below in the dictionary. Learn them by heart.
- •Company structure
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •Discussion the inner structure of a company
- •II. Using the information above answer the following questions.
- •III. Give your view on features listed below. Which of them are the most important for the manager? Which ones are not so essential?
- •IV. Read the text about mts Systems Corporation and complete the following “fact file” organisation chart below.
- •V. Now read the text again and complete the organisation chart
- •VI. Circle the word that does not belong in each horizontal group.
- •Marketing
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Read Mr. Lopez presentation.
- •IV. Below are some notes made by one of the colleagues of Mr. Lopez , some of them should be corrected. Write true or false against each statement.
- •V. Before reading the text, discuss these questions. Then read the text.
- •Zumo – creating a global brand.
- •Unit 6. Advertising reading
- •Advertising
- •II: Sort out the most important information from the text and retell it.
- •Sacrilege
- •V. Find words or expressions in the text which correspond to the following definitions.
- •Discussion
- •Focus Advertising
- •Writing
- •Unit 7. Money reading
- •I. Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •The dollar
- •The pound
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •Discussion
- •You and your money
- •I. Do the quiz individually. Then compare answers with a partner.
- •II. Translate the following phrases:
- •III. In your opinion, which of the following give the best return on your money? Which are very risky? Which are less risky?
- •I. Work in three groups. Each group reads a different text: either The South Sea Bubble or Tulipomania or The Wall Street Crash. Make notes on the key points. The south sea bubble
- •Tulipomania
- •The wall street crash
- •II. Form new groups of three people, each of whom has read a different text. Exchange information and complete the chart below.
- •III. Discuss these questions.
- •IV. Work in groups. Find words or phrases in the texts which are similar in meaning to the definitions below. The first group to finish is the winner.
- •Angel investment
- •1. The Business
- •Writing
- •Unit 8. Employment reading
- •I. Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •How to select the best candidates - and avoid the worst
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. In another part of the article (not included here), the writer suggests that selectors should look for three qualities:
- •Discussion
- •Job interview. Dialogue
- •I. Read and translate the dialogue:
- •II. In pairs, make conversations using the prompts below.
- •II. Discuss these questions.
- •III. Match the adjectives in column a to the nouns in column b. Make six word partnerships.
- •IV. Now complete these sentences with word partnerships from the list.
- •Writing
- •II. Write your own letter of application in reply to the following advertisement:
- •Unit 9. Cultures in business reading
- •I. Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •The impact of culture on business
- •I. Which do you think of the three statements (a, b, or c) given below the extract offers the most accurate summary.
- •II. Read the text again. Identify the following:
- •Ian Hamilton Fazey examines a ten-point guide to doing export business in Japan.
- •Discussion
- •Visitors from china
- •Writing
- •Differences between British and American Letters
- •Discussion
- •II. Put an f for formal and an I for informal language. Give reasons.
- •III. Read the two models and find out which model:
- •IV. Match these phrases with the types of letters. Give more opening phrases and endings for each type of letter.
- •VI. Read the following questions and identify the type and style of each letter. Then write any two of them. Write your answer in the appropriate style, using 120-180 words. Do not include addresses.
- •Writing
- •II. Read the instructions below and write a reply including all the information given.
- •Additional information the layout of letters
- •Additional reading the scope of economics
- •How to study economics?
- •Employment
- •Minimum wage
- •Types of inflation
- •Competition
- •Money illusion
- •Money supply
- •Fiscal policy
- •Foreign direct investment
- •Free trade
- •Globalisation
- •Taxation
- •An advertisement for the new ford puma
- •Eye contact
- •Letters and documents
- •Contents
Employment
Getting a job is a very hard period in the life of most people. Companies choose an employee from hundreds of candidates according to special rules, that's why there're special 'typical' factors, influencing on employer's choice. Among such factors are: age, sex, experience, family background and marital status, personality and references. If you're to go to an interview tomorrow, sleep well before it and don't forget your CV at home - is the basic rule. Moreover, there're some recommendations, which can help you, for example, to read annual report, or company newspaper of the company to show your understanding of the corporate strategy on the interview. What's more, you should choose corresponding dress code for the interview. Even such advices are to help you make a good impression; some companies don't want to hire a man, who follows every advice. To illustrate this, I can quote Artemiy Lebedev, the most famous Russian web-designer: "If you enclose a standard stupid resume, written by the rules of American bureaucracy, we would delete it immediately after receiving. If your CV is composed according to all rules, we wouldn't choose you, as we might think, that your profession is to acquire a job". After getting a job, you may have some unexpected troubles with boss, too: e.g. if you dye your hair or wear something not appropriate. The best solution of such situation is to ask a trade union for advice, which can always help you in your fight with an employer. Of course, if you affect company discipline not coming in time or working badly, your dismissal wouldn't be unfair. To conclude, I can say that it is sometimes hard not only to get a job, but also to work in the staff, and if you don't want to be laid off, you should follow company rules, it is a must.
WAGES
In theory, wages ought to change so that the supply and demand in the labour market are always in equilibrium. In practice, wages are often sticky, especially in a downward direction when demand for labour falls. In this situation, the fall in demand results in higher unemployment and many governments impose a minimum wage that employers must pay.
Firms may choose to pay above the equilibrium wage to increase the productivity of workers. Such so-called efficiency wages may make workers less likely to join another firm, so cutting the employer’s hiring and training costs. They may encourage workers to do a better job. They may also attract a higher quality of worker.
In recent years, employers have tried to reduce wage stickiness by increasing the proportion of pay that is linked to the performance of their firm. Thus if falling demand reduces the employer’s profit the pay of its employees falls automatically, so it does not have to lay off as many workers as it otherwise would.
Minimum wage
A minimum rate of pay that firms are legally obliged to pay their workers. Most industrial countries have a minimum wage, although certain sorts of workers are often exempted, such as young people or part-timers. Most economists reckon that a minimum wage, if it is doing what it is meant to do, will lead to higher unemployment than there would be without it. The main justification offered by politicians for having a minimum wage is that the wage that would be decided by buyers and sellers in a free market would be so low that it would be immoral for people to work for it.
Some economists have challenged this model. Several studies have suggested that a minimum wage moderately above the free-market wage would not harm employment much and could (in rare circumstances) potentially raise it. These studies are not widely accepted among economists. Whatever it does for those in work, a minimum wage cannot help the majority of the very poorest people in most countries, who typically have no job in which to earn a minimum wage.