Notes to the text:

1) at rest – в состоянии покоя

2) in motion – в движении

3) that is – то есть

4)to serve mankind – служить человечеству

5) as well as – а также

6) to turn attention to – обратить внимание на

7) at least – по крайней мере

8) or so – приблизительно

9) and so on – и так далее

10) in to time – моментально

11) to make a contribution to – сделать (внести) вклад в

12) due to – благодаря

13) in this connection – в этой связи

14) to solve the problem – решать проблему

15) in different ways – по-разному

16) in fact – фактически, в действительности

17) he could not help remembering – он не мог не помнить

18) owing to – благодаря

19) continuous current – постоянный ток

20) in this way – таким образом

Assignment 6. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive:

1) This is the device to be used in our experiment.

2) The thermometer is a device to measure the temperature.

3) Where are the articles to be translated by the students?

4) The letter to be answered was given to me.

5) The motor is a device to change mechanical energy into electric energy.

6) The Soviet Union was the first to use atomic energy for peaceful purposes.

7) Petroff was the first scientist to study the elec­trification of metals by rubbing them.

8) I was the last to answer the teacher’s questions.

Assignment 7. Write out from the text all the sentences where the Infinitive is used and translate them into Russian.

Assignment 8. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the underlined words:

1) The students carried out an experiment looking at the thermometer from time to time.

2) The cinema was invented before my time.

3) It is high time to begin work.

4) Four times three is twelve.

5) “Am I late?” “No, you are just in time.”

6 “What is the time?” “It’s dinner time.”

7 The stu­dents went to the club and had a good time there.

8) It took a long time before people learned to split the atoms.

9) I shall be back in no time.

10) For a long time people did not know that lightning and atmospheric electricity are one and the same thing.

11) Lomonosov lectured at the University and at the same time worked in different fields of science.

12) I work in the laboratory two times a week.

Assignment 9. Fill in the blanks with the words one or for:

1) Moscow is ... of the largest cities in the world.

2) ... must remember that it is necessary to learn English at least an hour a day.

3) As ... rubber it was brought to Europe as early as in the 15th century.

4) ... understands the importance of electricity when ... sees trams, trolley-buses and trains driven by it.

5) The energy of the atom is used ... peaceful purposes in our country.

6) ... must know the chemical prop­erties of the atom.

7) We produce rubber ... it is quite nec­essary ... the development of our industry.

8) In 1819 Volta returned to Como ... he wanted to spend the rest of his life there.

9) This is a more important problem than that ... .

10) I haven’t got a dictionary, I must have ... .

Assignment 10. Make up sentences according to the model using the verbs given below.

Model: We could not help speaking about the achieve­ments of Soviet physicists.

to answer, to repeat, to mention, to observe, to change, to think, to remember.

Assignment 11. Answer the following questions:

1) What types of electricity do you know?

2) What is the difference between electricity at rest and electricity in mo­tion?

3) What did Franklin prove?

4) What are the two kinds of electrical charges?

5) What can you say about our Russian Academician Petroff?

6) Who was the first to produce a steady, continuous current?

7) What experiments did Galvani carry on?

8) What was Volta?

9) What did Volta take interest in?

10) What did Volta’s discovery result in?

11) What did the Volta device consist of?

12) Where did he spend the rest of his life?

Assignment 12. Make an outline of the text.

Assignment 13. Retell Volta’s biography.

UNIT TEN

Assignment 1. Remember the following words and word-combinations:

subject former understanding to determine direction to suppose circuit statement certainly flow opposite along wire to consist of to consider minute particle to travel to carry solid liquid case to produce to melt to conduct to call greatly to pass through end really power to push the same terminal letter to light to assume second advantage ease similar amount hence transmission to decrease to operate to generate to heat probably to transmit numerous to require reason to transform to apply

тема бывший, прежний понимание определять, устанавливать направление предполагать, полагать цепь утверждение конечно поток, течение противоположный по проволока, провод состоять из считать, рассматривать мельчайший частица проходить нести, носить твердое тело жидкость случай давать, создавать плавить проводить называть значительно, очень проходить через конец действительно, в самом деле энергия толкать; продвигать тот (же) самый (эл.) клемма буква освещать; зажигать предполагать, допускать секунда преимущество легкость; свобода сходный, похожий количество следовательно передача уменьшать управлять; эксплуатировать производить, вырабатывать нагревать вероятно передавать многочисленный требовать причина преобразовать; превращать применять, употреблять

Assignment 2. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:

continuous, theory, subject, to determine, to suppose, circuit, opposite, wire, minute, participle, through, however, liquid, industrial, requirement, to conduct, electrolyte, certain, to suppose, wrong, right, really, to push, i.e., terminal, alternating, to assume, cycle, advantage, ease, voltage, vice versa, transmition, to transmit, to decrease, to require, practice.

Assignment 3. Translate the words, their derivatives into Russian and learn them.

advantage – advantageous; to alter – alterable – alteration – alternating; to apply – application – applicable – applied; to conduct – conduction – conductive – conductivity; to consider – consideration; to determine – determination – determinative; to direct – direction – directly; ease – easily – easy; to generate – generation – generator; industry – industrial; to light – lighting; to move – movement – moveless – mover – moving; to operate – operation – operated – operating; to require – required – requirement; to state – statement; to transform – transformation – transformer; to transmit – transmission.