Commercial_Correspondence
.pdf251 rue des Raimonieres P-86000 Poitiers Cedex
Telephone (+33) 2 9 9 681031
Telecopie (+33) 2 7410 216 3
Email p.gerard@disc.co.fr
Ref. PG/AL
14 September 20—
Gebnider Bauer Spedition
Mainzerstrasse, 201-7
D-50000 Mini
Dear Sirs
Consignment Note 671342 158
The above consignment was delivered to our premises, at the above address, on 6 September. It consisted of eight boxes of read / write CDs, three of which were badly damaged.
We have contacted our suppliers, and they inform us that when the goods were deposited at your depot they were in perfect condition. Therefore we assume that damage occurred while the consignment was in your care.
The boxes were marked FRAGILE and KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT. However, the nature of the damage to the goods (the CDs were scratched, warped, or split) suggests that the consignment was roughly handled and left near a heater.
We estimate the loss on invoice value to be €500.00, and as the goods were sent 'carrier's risk' we are claiming compensation for that amount.
You will find a copy of the consignment note and invoice enclosed, and we will hold the boxes for your inspection.
Yours faithfully
P.qbraitat
P.Gerard Manager
Complaint to the carrierr
Disc S.A.write to the carrier. On receipt of this letter,the carrier will inspect the goods and decide whether the damage was due to negligence. If it was,the customer will receive compensation.
1 What did the consignment consist of?
2 What condition were the goods in when delivered to the carrier's depot?
3 How does M. Gerard think the damage was caused?
4 What compensation is M. Gera rd asking for?
5 Why does M. Gerard feel he has a right to claim compensation?
6 What is being sent with the letter?
7 Which words in the letter have a similar meaning to the following?
a place of business b accept as true
ceasily damaged
dkeep
ngshippi andonportatiTrans
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Transportation and shipping
1 94
Request for a quotation for delivery by air
British Crystal fax an airline to find out how much it would cost to send glassware to their agents in Saudi Arabia.
i›See pages 174-176
for previous
correspondence.
British Crystal Ltd
GLAZIER HOUSE•GREEN LANE -DERBY DE11RT
TELEPHONE:+44 (0)1332 4579o-FAcsimiLE: +44 (0)1332 51977
Email:felthams@crystal.com • www.britishcrystal.corn
FAX MESSAGE
To |
Universal Airways Ltd |
From S. Feltham (Export Manager) |
Fax no. 020 7638 55555 |
Subject Shipment enquiry |
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Date 15 June 20— |
Page/s 1 |
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We would like to send ex-Heathrow to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 12 crates of assorted glassware, to be delivered within the next io days.
Each box weighs 40 kilos, and measures 0.51m 3. Could you please quote charges for shipment and insurance?
S.Feiliam
S.Feltham (Ms) Export Manager
Universal Airways Ltd
Airline House
Palace Road
London swi
Telephone +44 (0)20 7638 4129
Fax +44 (0)20 7638 5555
Cable UNIWAY
Email cargo@universalair.com
www.universalair.com
Quotatio[ro fotr delltiverry by mitt
Here is the airline's reply to Ms Feltha m.We saw on page 187 that airlines calculate freight charges by weight or volume. In this case both will have been taken into account.
gppinshi andonatiportransT
Ms S. Feltham
Export Manager
British Crystal Ltd
Glazier House
Green Lane
Derby DE11RT
Dear Ms Feltham
Thank you for your enquiry of 15 June.
We can send your consignment to Riyadh within 24 hours of delivery
to Heathrow. The cost of freight Heathrow—Riyadh is £10.60 per kilo, plus £8.00 air waybill, and £54.00 customs clearance and handling charges. You will need to arrange your own insurance.
Please fill in the despatch form and return it to us with the consignment and commercial invoices, one of which should be included in the parcel for customs inspection.
Please contact us for any further information.
Yours sincerely
R.Laiim
R.Laden (Mr) Cargo Manager
1 What other charges are there besides the freight charges?
2 Why should a copy of the invoice be included in the parcel?
Reg. No: London 281395
VAT No: 8511625915
3 Who will arrange |
4 What form must be |
insurance? |
completed? |
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ianap aidtuen
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Transportation and shipping |
Air waybill |
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1 3043 3174 |
CSR/EC1 |
125_ 3043 3174 |
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Shipper's Name and Address |
Shipper's Account Number |
Not negotiable |
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Air Waybill |
BRITISH AIRWAYS -2101111/ |
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WORLD CARGO |
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Bm7rnsh .7 7ZAY |
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Copies I.2 and 3ot this Pr Wayttel are orIgInels end haw the same validity |
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Consignee's Name and Address |
Consignee's Account Number |
it is agreed That the goods herein are accepted in Strom goocl order and condition |
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rjaameagesALrerograg.7„,:,A19E. |
MEANS ZIT.. |
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Agents IATA Code |
Account No. |
Airport of Departure (Addr. of First Canter) and Requested Routing
ROAD OR ANY OTHER CARRIER UNLESS SPECIFIC CONTRARY INSTRUCTIONS ARE
GIVEN HEREON BY THE SHIPPER. AND SHIPPER AGREES THAT THE SHIPMENT MAY BE CARRIED VIA INTERMEDIATE STOPPING PLACES WHICH THE CARRIER DEEMS
APPROPRIATE. THE SHIPPER'S ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO THE NOTICE CONCERNING
CARRIER'S LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. Shipper may increase such Sanitation or !lab% by dedering a higher .1We for carriage and paying a supplemental charge B required.
ISSUING CARRIER MAINTAINS CARGO ACCIDENT LIABILITY INSURANCE
Accoundng Information
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Other Declared Value for Carriage |
Declared Value for Customs |
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Handling Information |
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CANCELLED - SPECIME ® COPY |
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Shipper certifies that the particulars on the face hereof are correct and that Insofar as any part of the consignment contains dangerous goods, such part is properly described by name and Is in proper condition for carriage by air according to the applicable Dangerous Goods Regulations.
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Signature of Shipper or his Agent |
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Executed on (date) |
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Signature of Issuing Carder or its Agent |
k. Total Collect Charges j. |
3043 3174 |
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3What international association is the carrier a member of?
4 Is this a document of title?
ORIGINAL
5Can the air waybill be transferred to another person or company?
6How is the consignee referred to?
3 (FOR SHIPPER) |
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Which two signatures |
9 Shipping goods by air |
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can be charged in two |
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ways. What are they? |
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waybill refer to what the goods consist of and how much is being shipped?
Shipping
TYPES OF VESSEL
A variety of vessels are used to transport goods:
—BULK CARRIERS transport bulk consignments such as grain, wheat, and ores.
transport liquid bulk consignments, usually oil.
have special lifting gear and storage space for the containers (large steel boxes) that they transport.
concentrate on cargoes, but also carry passengers. They offer more facilities for loading and unloading than passenger liners.
follow scheduled routes and concentrate on passenger services, but can
also carry cargo.
are vessels constructed with large doors at each end so that cars and trucks can drive on at one port and off at another without having to unload and reload their cargo.
are used for taking goods from a port out to a ship, or vice versa. They can also do the same work as a barge.
are large flat-bottomed boats which are used to transport goods inland along rivers and canals.
SHIPPING ORGANIZATIONS
Exporters can choose whether they use a company which is a member of the SHIPPING CONFERENCE group, or one that is listed on the BALTIC EXCHANGE.
The Shipping Confevence
The Shipping Conference is an international organization of shipowners who meet periodically to set prices for transporting goods or passengers. There are several advantages for their customers. The costs of shipping are steady, i.e. they do not fluctuate over a short period, and universal, i.e. the same price is quoted by all members. Also, vessels
registered with the Shipping Conference keep to scheduled routes, so bookings can be made some time in advance. Finally, customers can claim rebates (discounts) by shipping in bulk or for regular shipments.
NON-CONFERENCE SHIPS, as the term suggests, are not registered with the Shipping Conference. They travel anywhere in the world on unscheduled routes, picking up and delivering cargo. The old term for this kind of ship is a tramp.
The airline industry has an organization similar to the Shipping Conference. This is the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
The aitic exchange
Among its other functions the Baltic Exchange has a freight market which offers facilities for exporters to c HARTE R (hire) ships and aircraft through SHIPBROKER S. Shipbrokers work on a commission and are specialists with a knowledge of the movement of ships and aircraft, and the most competitive rates available at any one time.
Once a broker is contacted they will find a shipowner who is prepared to hire a vessel on
either a VOYAGE CHARTER Ora TIME CHARTER
basis. Voyage charter charges, i.e. charges for taking freight from port A to port B, are calculated On the TONNAGE VALUE Ofthe cargo. For example, if an exporter ships Soo tons of grain at £4.20 per ton, the cost of the charter will be £2,10o. Time charter charges are calculated on the tonnage (size) of the ship plus its running costs, excluding wages. So the larger the ship, the more the hirer pays, regardless of whether the cargo is 50o tons or 5,000 tons. A contract between a shipowner and a hirer is known as a CHARTER PARTY.
Ships listed on the Baltic Exchange do not run on scheduled routes and freight charges vary from company to company depending on supply and demand. Telephone, fax, or cable are used for speedy communication between hirers and brokers, and brokers and owners, and letters to confirm transactions.
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SHIPPING DOCUMENTATION
The main documents used in shipping are described below.
Fveight account
A FREIGHT ACCOUNT is an invoice sent by the shipping company to the exporter stating their charges.
Standavd shipping note
A STANDARD SHIPPING NOTE is a document
completed by the exporter. It is sent to the forwarding agent, an
DEPOT (rcp), or the docks. It is used as a delivery note or receipt and gives information about the goods. When the goods are delivered to the docks, the driver hands over copies to the shipping company. One copy goes with the goods to the consignee; two are for customs; one remains at the dock office of the carrier; and one is used by the shipping company to prepare the bill of lading.
Bill of lading
A BILL OF LADING, often abbreviated to B/L 202, is the most important
document in shipping and describes the consignment, its destination, and who it is for. It can be a document of title, i.e. it gives ownership of the goods to the person named on it. If the words are written in the consignee box, it means that it is a
and can be traded. In this case it will be ENDORSED ( i.e. the exporter will sign it on the back). If it is not endorsed, there are no restrictions on ownership. In a letter of credit transaction the advising / confirming bank will usually ask for the bill of lading to be made out to them when they pay the exporter, and then transfer it to the customer when the customer pays them.
Bills of lading can be made out singly or in signed sets of two, three, or more original (negotiable) copies, with further unsigned
copies kept for records. As soon as one of the originals is used as a document of title, the other original copies become void.
A SHIPPED BILL OF LADING is signed when
the goods have been loaded onto the ship. Sometimes the words shipped on board are used to mean the same thing.
Bills of lading are marked C LEAN to indicate that the consignment was taken on board in good condition, or cLAUSE D to indicate that on inspection there was something wrong with it, e.g. the goods were damaged, or there were some missing. The statement claused protects the shipping company from claims that they were responsible for any damage or loss.
In CIF and c FR transactions the words freight prepaid are used to signify that the costs of shipment have been paid.
Bills of lading can be made port to port, i.e. from the exporting port to the importing
port. When containers are used and are transshipped from one mode of transport to another, e.g. truck to ship and then to train, a
used. This is
also known as a THROUGH °I- COMBINED
TRANSPORT BILL.
The Bolero Project is developing full computer-to-computer shipping and bank documents, making paperless documentation available. In this case a bill of lading is referred to as a Bolero bill of lading.
Letter of indemnity
A LETTER OF INDEMNITY is used if the bill of lading is lost or missing. The importer gives details of the consignment on company headed paper, and confirms that they will be responsible for the debts to the carrier against their assets.
Packing list
In addition to the bill of lading, a PACKING LIST may be required. Like a bill of lading, this gives details of the consignment. Banks use them in letter of credit transactions and the customs in some countries insist on them.
SHIPPING LIABILITIES
The Hague-Visby Rules, amended by the Brussels Protocol of 1968, govern liability for loss or damage to cargo carried by sea under a bill of lading. They state levels of compensation and the limitations of the carrier's responsibility for goods. The carrier is not responsible under the following conditions:
— acts of war, riots, civil disturbances
- FORCE MAJEURE, i.e. exceptional dangers such as severe storms
— negligence, i.e. when the goods have not been properly packed or were in bad condition when packed
- INHERENT VICE, i.e. when goods are subject to deterioration because of their content or nature, e.g. fish can go bad, wood can be attacked by parasites, metal can oxidize
The Hamburg Rules of 1978 extend the shipping companies' liability for damage or delay to goods in their charge, unless they can prove they took all measures to avoid
problems.
To be safe, most companies insure their consignments under (AR) cover, which protects them against most
contingencies, but special war insurance is necessary for particularly dangerous zones.
The importer's forwarding agent, in turn, informs the client, sends the goods on, or arranges for them to be stored until collected. Many forwarding agents in importing countries also ad as
ensuring that the goods are c customs and sent to the importer.
Because forwarding agents handle large numbers of shipments, they can use consolidation and collect consignments for the same destination and get competitive
for sending several consignments in one shipment.
FORWARDING AGENTS
Forwarding agents are used to arrange both import and export shipments. In the case of export shipments, their services include collecting the consignment, arranging shipment and, if required, packing and handling; also all documentation, including making out the bill of lading, obtaining insurance, sending commercial invoices and paying the shipping company for their clients. They are involved in the logistics of transportation, finding the most effective and economical route. They also inform the importer's forwarding agent that the shipment is on its way by sending an advice note.
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Transportation and shipping
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Request for freight rates and sailirogs
Lee Boat Builders of Hong Kong fax Far Eastern Shipping Lines to ask about freight rates and sailings.
e-See the
correspondence on page
165 for the beginning of
this transaction.
Dock 23, Ma i nway
Hong Kong
Telephone +852 385162
Fax +852662553
Facsimile |
Lee Boatbuilders Ltd |
From John Lee
To Far Eastern Shipping Lines
Fax 852 602135
Subject Your order No. 90103
Date 21 April 20—
No. of pages 1
Dear Sir / Madam
We intend to ship a consignment of dinghies and their equipment to London at the beginning of next month. The consignment consists of ten boats which have been packed into wooden crates marked 1-10, each measuring 4 x 2 x 2.5 metres and weighing 90 kilos.
Could you inform us which vessels are available to reach London before the end of next month, and let us know your freight rates?
I look forward to your reply.
John,Lee.
John Lee
Director
FAR EASTERN |
Facsimile (+852) 602135 |
SHIPPING LINES |
Telephone (+852) 421897 |
www.fareast.com |
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Email mwhang@fareast.com |
31-4 Park Road . Hong Kong |
Cable F R EAST |
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24 April 20— |
Mr J. Lee |
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Lee Boatbuilders Ltd |
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Dock 23 |
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Mainway |
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Hong Kong |
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Dear Mr Lee
Thank you for your fax of 21 April. Enclosed you will find details of our sailings from Hong Kong to Tilbury for the end of this month and the beginning of next.
You will see that the first available vessel we have will be the MV Orient, which will accept cargo from 3 May to 7 May, when she sails. She is due in
Tilbury on 3 June.
Our freight rate for crated consignments is £91.00 (ninety-one pounds) per tonne, and I have attached our shipping instructions to the enclosed itinerary.
Yours sincerely
M.W
M.Whang (Mrs) Director
Enc. Itinerary
Shipping instructions
Reply to request for freight rates and saiiings
If Mr Lee is satisfied with this reply, Far Eastern Shipping Lines will send him a freight account and a standard shipping note for completion, from which they will then complete the bill of Iading.When the goods have been loaded, Mr Lee will send an advice to his customer informing him of shipment
ngppishi andonatiportransT
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Jana' alcluiexi
Directors
S. Chung,M.Whang, L Grover
1 When is the earliest |
2 •How much does Far |
3 What has Mrs Whang |
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Eastern Shipping |
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will leave Hong Kong? |
Lines charge for |
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freight? |
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4Which words in the letter have a similar meaning to the following?
a information
bship
cleaves port
dexpected
201
Transportation and shipping
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E aF
A
Bi fladOng |
Bill of Lading for Combined Transport shipment or Port to Port shipment |
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t.See page 198 for |
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Reference: |
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document. |
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P&O |
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Consign. or Order (for U.S. Trade only: Not Negotiable unless consigned lb Order) |
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Notify Party/Addresa |
ttzt.=:=17. |
Lena C |
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Piece of Remeipt |
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Place of Delivery |
me A. 11.1 Omen* le van. s. • Cambial |
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Port of Loading |
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Undermentioned particulars as declared by Shipper but not acknowledged by the Carrier (see clause 11) |
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Marks end Nos; Container Nos; |
Number and kind of Package.; Description of Goods |
Gram Weight (kg) |
Measurement lobe) |
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• Tbtoi No. of Containers/Package+ received by tho Corner |
Movement |
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D THE 'tenoanND CONDIThavS Of TOE .ARRIEIS.,.. SL.„. this „,„ Netth..„„ g., IS.. |
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Number of Orimnel Bills of Lading |
melts,-or. es/Mercheneailorchenee Roane ibaitly. 1910anp r eus Copallnde 441 |
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IN WITNESS of the contract herein contained the number of originals slated appeeilt bee been issued, one of which being eceeenplisbed
the otheas) ta be void
EXCESS VALUATION REFER TU CLAUSE 7 131 ON REVERSE SIDE INS. MOE ONO.
ES
0
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1 Which words make the bill of lading negotiable?
2 What does combined transport shipment mean?
426188 |
CANCELLED - SPECIMEN COPY |
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2/DRS MA 11098 |
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....h. IN PARTNERSHIP WITH PRO NEDLEOTD BY |
3 Where would you put the name of the ship?
4 Who usually signs the bill of lading?
5 Where would you list details of the consignment?
6How would consignees identify the goods when they arrived?
7 Who is the bill of lading's issuing company?
8What would it mean if the bill of lading was doused?
9Which part of the bill of lading would the consignee use to collect the goods?
10 Where would you write the place for the goods to be unloaded?
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