- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Comprehension
- •I.Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer these questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter II The Law and its Importance
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian .
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •IX. Translate the sentences from Russian into English with the active vocabulary.
- •I. Read the extract, discuss it and give your definition of law.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of these expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expression on the left (a) with their proper translations on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word- combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate these sentences into English using the Active Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the questions about the text:
- •II. Read the part “Common Law” and say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •III. Read the part “Equity”. In pairs find different information.
- •IV. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •V. Discuss these issues.
- •VI. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter IV The Invisible Palace Part II The Constitution
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following words and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words and word combination on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box, if necessary.
- •X Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true of false
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer these questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabuary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b)
- •IV. Guess the concepts of the following definitions:
- •V. Give definitions of these words.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the text from English into Russian.
- •1918 Chapter 47
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the text from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss the following issues.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter VII Our Law Upholders – the Judiciary
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Match the words and word combinations on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using active vocabulary.
- •I. Translate these sentences from Russian into English paying attention to the Passive voice.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Working in pairs find the information on the following themes.
- •V. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word–combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •Chapter XII
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Match the words and word combinations on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •Imelda marcos acquitted
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English
- •II. Answer the question about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Working in pairs find the information on the following themes.
- •V. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in the sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b)
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Match the words and word combinations on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words in the box and answer the questions after the article.
- •IX. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Comment on the case.
- •X. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •I. Analyze the following sentences paying attention to the use of the modal verbs and their equivalents. Explain their meaning. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Working in pairs find the information on the following themes.
- •V. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions:
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word - combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with the definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian:
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box if necessary.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary:
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Remember if these juridical noun-terms from Chapter 21 are countable, uncountable or both.
- •II. Give your own examples illustrating the fact that the nouns from the 3d column can be both countable and uncountable.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss the following issues.
- •V. Find the information on the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Part II Chapter 6 Our Chief Law Enforces – the Police
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •I. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in sentences of your own based on the text.
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Complete the text with the words from the box.
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions or adverbs where necessary.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •II. Do a written translation of the following sentences analysing the use of the Gerund.
- •III. Translate the following attributive groups:
- •IV. Explain the use of Perfect forms in the following sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. What do you make of the article? Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •1. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •VII. Read the following nouns pronouncing them correctly:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Find the following phrases in the text:
- •II. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •III. Now translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •I. Say whether each of these statements is true or false. Correct the wrong statements if any.
- •II. Answer these questions.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarise it.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest word combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Look up in the dictionary the meanings of the following words:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Find the following sentence in the text:
- •III. Draw up a plan for rendering the text and then summarise it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •I. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Translate into English Using Conditionals and Complex Subject:
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter XVI Punishment Through the Ages
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions and adverbs from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •II. Answer these questions about the text.
- •III. Discuss these issues.
- •Chapter XVII Criminal Trials Today
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •1. Analyse Chapter 17 paying attention to the modal verbs used in the text. Which modal verbs are used more frequently then others in Chapter 17? Could you try to explain why?
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Scan the passage Purposes of Sentencing and find the following.
- •VI. Read the text Community Sentences carefully and find the information to complete the table below.
- •VII. Read all the texts again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •V. Match the phrases on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •VI. Complete the sentences with the phrases in column a in the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Choose the word or phase from the pairs given below which best completes each of the following sentences. Make changes in the form, where necessary.
- •VIII. Put make or do into each gap.
- •IX. Complete the following sentences with the expressions above in the correct form and translate them into Russian.
- •I. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form. Add an appropriate preposition, where necessary
- •II. Change the following sentences as in the example. Choose an appropriate infinitive form and translate new sentences into Russian.
- •III. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •I. Answer these questions about the text
- •IV. Working in pairs discuss the following questions.
- •General English Vocabulary
IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
of; by; against; against for; at; for; to; of; in; of; for; to; by; of; to; of; in; at; of; after; for; of; for; |
Following an accusation __ crime __ a man, it had to be shown __ the local people, who were known as jurors, that there was some evidence that he had committed a crime.
__ this time the system __ trial __ jury as we know it today was unheard__.
In the great State Trials __ treason or other serious crimes, all but the bravest juries would return the guilty verdicts expected __ them.
__ 1603, __ the beginning __ the reign __ James I, Raleigh was tried __ treason.
He was duly sentenced __ death, but __ a period __ imprisonment __ the Tower of London he was –__ political reason – allowed his freedom.
The judge, who was the Recorder of London, fined each __ them __ disrespect __ the court __ wearing hats.
He had seven bishops prosecuted __ “seditious libel” – the offence __ publishing words exciting disaffection __ the Crown.
__ this time James II was so deeply unpopular __ Parliament that, when __ last the bishops came __ trial, the jury found them not guilty.
__ one time it was possible __ defendants __ criminal trials to challenge up __ seven jurors __ giving any reason.
They had to decide whether a prisoner should stand trial ___ ordeal.
X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
1. В то время было важно умереть с честью.
2. Присяжные часто выносили вердикт на основании признания, а обвиняемые часто признавались под пытками.
3. В случае измены применялись особо жесткие законы и правила судебной процедуры.
4. Говорят, что система суда присяжных не подходит для слушания сложных и продолжительных по времени дел о мошенничестве.
5. Система суда присяжных глубоко интегрирована в нашу социальную систему и конституцию.
Grammar Revision
Exercises
I. Translate into English Using Conditionals and Complex Subject:
1. Нам стоит понять, что на протяжении многих лет закон и религия понимались не изолированно, а в тесной связи друг с другом.
2. Думали, что закон имеет мистическое значение.
3. Если возникали разногласия между двумя людьми, то они сражались друг с другом до тех пор, пока один из них не сдавался или не был убит.
4. Объявлялось, что победитель был прав.
5. Если обвиняемый не получал телесных повреждений или быстро и полностью выздоравливал, то считалось, что Бог сотворил ради него чудо и он доказал свою невиновность.
6. Если присяжные сходились во мнении, что против обвиняемого существовали доказательства, и если последний отрицал совершение преступления, то требовалось, чтобы он предстал перед судом ордалии и доказал свою невиновность.
7. Если обвиняемый был невиновен, то вода «принимала» его (он тонул); если он плавал на поверхности, то вода отталкивала его, и он был виновен.
8. Было объявлено, что суд ордалии не мог долее считаться проявлением божьей кары.
9. Необходимо было рассмотреть некоторые другие формы судебного процесса.
10. Суд присяжных является важной и неотъемлемой частью конституции.
Speaking
Exercises